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"Skripsi ini membahas tentang kesesuaian program pencegahan kecelakaan laboratorium dengan pendekatan SHELL di Laboratorium X. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 6 orang informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Laboratorium X memiliki program-program pencegahan kecelakaan laboratorium dengan pendekatan SHELL, yaitu memberikan pelatihan (Liveware), menggunakan APD saat praktikum, menyediakan emergency equipment, melakukan pengawasan, memasang safety sign (Software), memberi label dan tanda bahaya pada bahan, melakukan inventarisasi bahan dan alat, bekerja menggunakan lemari asam (Hardware), memasang exhaust pada ruangan laboratorium (Environment), dan menjalin komunikasi yang baik antara praktikan dengan dosen, asisten laboratorium maupun dengan teman praktiknya (Liveware Peripheral).

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This thesis discusses the suitability of a laboratory accident prevention program with the approach SHELL Laboratory X. The study was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach. Research carried out to six informants. The results showed that laboratory X have programs on accident prevention laboratory approach SHELL, which provide training (Liveware), using PPE when practical, providing emergency equipment, conduct surveillance, installing safety sign (Software), labeling and danger signs on materials, conduct an inventory of materials and equipment, work using the fume hood (Hardware), install exhaust in the laboratory (Environment), and establish good communication between the practitioner and lecturer, assistant laboratory practice or with friends (Liveware Peripheral)."

"Vorteks adalah topologi defect yang pertama kali dipelajari dalam kaitanya dengan superkonduktor tipe II, memiliki fluks magnetik terkuantisasi tetapi tidak memilki muatan listrik. Vorteks pada model Chern-Simons memiliki muatan listrik. Solusi analitik telah dikerjakan melalui persamaan Bogomol 39;nyi dengan menggunakan metode On-Shell. Jika solusi analitiknya memiliki energi berhingga dapat diaplikasikan pada bidang condensed matter.

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Vortices is a topological defect was first studied in relation to type II superconductivity, magnetic flux is quantized but have no electric charge. Vortices in Chern Simons Generalized models have electric charge. Analytic solution has been worked through Bogomol 39 nyi equations using the On Shell method. If the analytic solution has a finite energy can be applied to condensed matter physics."

"The change of the electric and magnetic properties due to the particle size effect has been reported recently and opened a new door to investigate phenomena driven by dimensional effects. One of the interesting examples is nanogold which is a weak diamagnetic in a bulk state but it becomes ferrimagnetic when the size of the Au cluster is around 3 nm. In the case of the Mott insulating system, it is reported that the magnetic transition temperature, TN, drastically decreased due to nano-sized effects. The reason for the appearance of the ferrimagnetic phase and the reduction in TN are not fully understood and still an open question. We investigated nano-sized effects in typical Mott insulator, La2CuO4, and in high-Tc superconductor cuprates, La2-xSrxCuO4. From muon spin relaxation (μSR) measurements, it is observed that the TN drastically decreased to be 47(12) K with reducing the particle size of La2CuO4 down to 24 nm. The phase separation of long-range and short-range magnetic ordering state was observed. We proposed a core-shell model to describe it. Particle size affects the magnetic interaction in La2CuO4 where the inter-plane magnetic interaction, J’, plays an important role in controlling TN of antiferromagnets. In the case of La1.80Sr0.20CuO4, we found that there is a strong suppression of the superconducting state and the appearance of weak magnetism induced by nano-sized effects. These results revealed that magnetic orders and superconductivity are intertwined and interconnected in high-Tc cuprate superconductors.......Perubahan sifat listrik dan magnet yang disebabkan efek ukuran partikel telah diteliti secara intensif akhir-akhir ini dan membuka pandangan baru dalam investigasi fenomena yang di-drive oleh efek dimensi. Salah satu contoh efek partikel yang sangat menarik adalah nano-gold. Gold (Au) bersifat dimagnetik lemah dalam keadaan bulk tetapi menjadi ferrimagnetik saat ukuran cluster Au dikecilkan menjadi 3 nm. Di kasus sistem Mott insulating, suhu transisi magnetik, TN, dilaporkan menurun karena nano-sized effects. Alasan munculnya fasa ferrimagnetik dan menurunnya TN di sistem nano masih belum dipahami sepenuhnya dan masih menjadi pertanyaan. Kami menginvestigasi nano-sized effects di typical Mott insulator, La2CuO4, dan high-Tc superconductor cuprates, La2-xSrxCuO4. Dari hasil pengukuran muon spin relaxation (μSR), dihasilkan bahwa TN menurun drastis menjadi 47(12) K dengan dikecilkannya ukuran partikel menjadi 24 nm. Dari hasil μSR, teramati juga adanya pemisahan fasa antara long-range dan short-range magnetic ordering. Core-shell model diajukan untuk menjelaskan pemisahan fasa magnetic ordering yang terjadi di La2CuO4 nanopartikel. Kami menemukan bahwa inter-plane magnetic interaction, J’, berperan penting dalam mengontrol perubahan TN di antiferromagnet. Pada kasus La1.80Sr0.20CuO4, teramati adanya penurunan superconducting state secara drastis dan munculnya weak magnetism yang disebabkan oleh nano-sized effects. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa magnetic orders dan superkonduktivitas saling terkait dan berhubungan."