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"Resistensi terhadap antibiotik dan obat antituberkulosis menjadi tantangan serius dalam penanganan infeksi bakteri seperti Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan senyawa berbasis 1,2,3-triazol dari trigliserida minyak ikan komersial sebagai kandidat antibakteri dan antituberkulosis. Sintesis dilakukan melalui tiga tahap: hidrolisis menjadi asam lemak bebas [1] (yield 86,15%), sintesis ester propargil [2] (58,74%), dan reaksi sikloadisi azida-alkuna menghasilkan ester 1,2,3-triazol [4] (85,29%). Asam lemak bebas [1] mengandung asam linoleat dominan, dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR dan diuji bilangan asam, iodin, serta peroksida. Semua senyawa dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, dan LC-MS/MS. Uji antibakteri menunjukkan tidak adanya aktivitas pada konsentrasi 0,5 dan 5 mg/mL. Namun, pada uji inhibisi terhadap enzim shikimat kinase dari Mycobacterium tuberculosis menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi oleh asam lemak bebas [1] (98,68%), diikuti ester 1,2,3-triazol [4] (47,86%). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa asam lemak bebas [1], khususnya asam linoleat, dan struktur triazol memiliki potensi sebagai antituberkulosis dan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut

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Antibiotic and antituberculosis resistance poses a serious challenge in treating bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to develop novel 1,2,3-triazole-based compounds derived from commercial fish oil triglycerides as potential antibacterial and antituberculosis agents. The synthesis involved three main steps: hydrolysis into free fatty acids [1] (yield 86.15%), synthesis of propargyl ester [2] (58.74%), and azide-alkyne cycloaddition to produce 1,2,3-triazole ester [4] (85.29%). The dominant fatty acid identified was linoleic acid. Free fatty acids were characterized using FTIR and tested for acid, iodine, and peroxide values, while all synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS/MS. Biological activity assays revealed no antibacterial effect at 0.5 and 5 mg/mL. However, the inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase showed high activity by free fatty acids [1] (98.68%), followed by the 1,2,3-triazole ester [4] (47.86%). These findings suggest that linoleic acid and the triazole structure hold potential as antituberculosis agents."

"Pada penelitian ini digunakan variasi prekursor senyawa azida aromatik untuk menyintesis turunan 1,4-dihidropiridin dan variasi prekursor senyawa aldehida aromatik untuk menyintesis 1,4-dihidropiridin triazol hibrida kalkon. Pada sintesis 1,4- dihidropiridin bermotif 1,2,3-triazol melalui reaksi propargilasi, kondensasi Hantzsch, dan sikloadisi azida-alkuna, sedangkan pada sintesis hibrida 1,4-dihidropiridin kalkon bermotif 1,2,3-triazol melalui reaksi kondensasi Claisen-Schmidt. Sintesis menggunakan variasi prekursor dengan tujuan membandingkan hasil yield produk dan keberhasilan sintesis dengan mengubah struktur senyawa induknya. Produk-produk pada penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi referensi dalam menyintesis suatu senyawa kalkon baru dengan gugus dihidropiridin dan triazol sebagai cincin penghubung. Didapatkan massa dan yield produk : dihidropiridin-triazol etil 4-benzoat (0,258 g; yield 94,37%), dihidropiridin- triazol-4-asetil (0,539 g; yield 93,90%), dihidropiridin-triazol-kalkon(tiofena) (0,054 g; yield 32,33%), dihidropiridin-triazol-ka lkon(t rans-s inam aldeh ida) (0,096 g; yield 57,48%). Produk-produk senyawa tersebut dikarakterisasi dengan instrumen titik leleh, FTIR, LC-MS/MS, dan NMR. Dengan demikian maka variasi dari azido aromatik tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap yield produk dihidropiridin-triazol, sedangkan variasi aldehida aromatik berpengaruh terhadap yield produk dihidropiridin-triazol-kalkon.

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In this study, a variety of aromatic azide compound precursors were used to synthesise 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives and a variety of aromatic aldehyde compound precursors to synthesise 1,4-dihydropyridine triazole hybrid chalcones. In the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine patterned 1,2,3-triazole through propargylation reaction, Hantzsch condensation, and azide-alkyne cycloaddition, while in the synthesis of 1,4- dihydropyridine chalcone hybrid patterned 1,2,3-triazole through Claisen-Schmid t condensation reaction. The synthesis used a variety of precursors with the aim of comparing product yields and the success of synthesis by changing the structure of the parent compound. The products in this study are expected to be a reference in synthesising a new chalcone compound with dihydropyridine and triazole groups as connecting rings. The mass and yield of the products: dihydropyridine-triazole ethyl 4-benzoate (0.258 g; yield 94.37%), dihydropyridine-triazole-4-a cety l (0.539 g; yield 93.90%), dihydropyridine-triazole-chalcone(thiophene) (0.054 g; yield 32.33%), dihydropyridine- triazole-chalcone(trans-cinnamaldehyde) (0.096 g; yield 57.48%). The products were characterised by melting point, FTIR, LC-MS/MS, and NMR instruments. Thus, the variation of aromatic azido does not affect the yield of dihydropyridine-triazole product, while the variation of aromatic aldehyde affects the yield of dihydropyridine-triazole- chalcone product."

"Kurkumin sebagai senyawa alami yang memiliki aktivitas biologis yang beragam salah satunya antioksidan dan banyak digunakan sebagai senyawa obat. Akan tetapi, aplikasi kurkumin sebagai senyawa obat belum dapat optimal karena memiliki masalah pada stabilitas dan profil farmakokinetik yang buruk. Untuk memperbaiki masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasi struktur kurkumin menjadi analog kurkumin monokarbonil non-simetri yang bermotif 1,2,3-triazol. Pada penelitiaan ini, senyawa analog kurkumin monokarbonil disintesis dengan beberapa prinsip reaksi seperti propargilasi, kondensasi Claisen- Schmidt, dan sikloadisi azida-alkuna dengan variasi azido aromatik untuk membentuk cincin triazol. Senyawa hasil sintesis akan dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom dan diidentifikasi dengan KLT serta dikarakterisasi dengan uji titik leleh, HRMS, FTIR, dan NMR. Hasil sintesis senyawa produk akhir memiliki rendemen berturut-turut untuk senyawa triazol 4-NO2 monokarbonil kurkumin 4- OCH3, triazol 4-Cl monokarbonil kurkumin 4-OCH3, triazol 4-COCH3 monokarbonil kurkumin 4-OCH3 adalah 70%; 83%; 86%, serta uji aktivitas antioksidan seluruh senyawa produk akhir terhadap radikal DPPH berturut-turut menunjukkan nilai inhibisi sebesar 68,17%; 73,35%; 71,94%.

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Curcumin is a natural compound that has various biological activities, one of which is antioxidant and is widely used as a medicinal compound. However, the application of curcumin as a medicinal compound has not been optimal because it has problems with stability and a poor pharmacokinetic profile. To fix this problem, it can be done by modifying the structure of curcumin into a non-symmetrical monocarbonyl analog curcumin with a 1,2,3-triazole pattern. In this research, a monocarbonyl curcumin analog compound was synthesized using several reaction principles such as propargylation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, and azide-alkyne cycloaddition with various aromatic azidos to form a triazole ring. The synthesized compound will be purified by column chromatography and identified by TLC. It will also be characterized by melting point, HRMS, FTIR, and NMR tests. The results of the synthesis of the final product compounds showed successive yields for triazole 4-NO2 monocarbonyl curcumin 4-OCH3, triazole 4-Cl monocarbonyl curcumin 4-OCH3, and triazole 4-COCH3 monocarbonyl curcumin 4-OCH3 of 70%, 83%, and 86%, respectively. The antioxidant activity test of all compounds of the final product against DPPH radicals showed inhibition value of 68.17%, 73.35%, 71.94%, respectively."