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"This book focuses on the mechanobiological principles in tissue engineering with a particular emphasis on the multiscale aspects of the translation of mechanical forces from bioreactors down to the cellular level. The book contributes to a better understanding of the design and use of bioreactors for tissue engineering and the use of mechanical loading to optimize in vitro cell culture conditions. It covers experimental and computational approaches and the combination of both to show the benefits that computational modelling can bring to experimentalists when studying in vitro cell culture within a scaffold. With topics from multidisciplinary fields of the life sciences, medicine, and engineering, this work provides a novel approach to the use of engineering tools for the optimization of biological processes and its application to regenerative medicine. The volume is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students studying mechanobiology and tissue engineering. For undergraduate students it also provides deep insight into tissue engineering and its use in the design of bioreactors. The book is supplemented with extensive references for all chapters to help the reader to progress through the study of each topic."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menemukan metode restrukturisasi hutang terbaik untuk perusahaan dengan nilai ekuitas negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Debt-to-Equity swap, debt-to-asset swaps, penerbitan convertible bonds dan debt repayment agreement. Hasil simulasi masing-masing metode dibandingkan dengan menggunakan price-to-book value ratio (P/BV) dan debt-to-equity ratio (DER) sebagai ukuran kinerja perusahaan untuk menemukan metode terbaik untuk setiap perusahaan dan industrinya. Perusahaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan publik yang sudah terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Struktur modal perusahaan yang ideal ditentukan dengan menggunakan algoritma iteratif. Setelah menemukan struktur modal idealnya, perusahaan akan diperlakukan dengan restrukturisasi hutang untuk mencapai struktur modal idealnya. Sebagian besar, perusahaan menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik saat menggunakan debt to equity swap dan menerbitkan convertible bonds. Kondisi ini dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya P/BV dan struktur permodalan yang semakin baik dilihat dari nilai DER mereka. Selanjutnya, debt to asset swap lebih baik digunakan pada perusahaan dengan DER tinggi. Sedangkan debt repayment agreement tidak mempengaruhi struktur modal perusahaan dan value perusahaan.......This paper aims to find the best debt restructuring methods for negative equity firms. This study uses Debt-to-Equity swaps, debt-to-asset swaps, issuing convertible bonds and repayment agreements methodology. The results of the simulation from each method will be compared to their price-to-book ratio and debt-to-equity ratio (DER) to find the best possible method for every firm and their industries. The sample firms are publicly traded firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The ideal capital structure of the firms is determined by using an iterative algorithm. After finding their ideal capital structure, firms will be treated by debt restructuring to reach their ideal capital structure. Mostly, firms have better performance while using debt to an equity swap and issuing convertible bonds methods. This condition is proven by increasing their P/BV and their better capital structure as proxies by their DER. Furthermore, debt to asset swap is better to use on firms with high DER. Whilst debt repayment agreement does not affect the firm’s capital structure and its value."

"Dalam dunia yang serba cepat ini penggunaan teknologi sebagai instrumen penunjang kehidupan manusia, telah membuat masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan atau yang biasa disebut kaum urban menjadi lebih cepat untuk mengakses informasi. Informasi ini menjadi sebuah daya yang dapat menghadirkan persepsi-persepsi dalam pola pikir masyarakat urban, baik dari segi ekonomi hingga hasrat kebendaan. Informasi dianggap menjadi komoditas, karena dengan memiliki informasi masyarakat dapat berkomunikasi dengan apa yang terjadi di dunia sekitar. Instagram menjadi salah satu platform yang menunjang kebutuhan informasi masyarakat urban dalam bentuk visual yang bertujuan untuk berkomunikasi antar satu pengguna dengan pengguna lain.

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In the world where everything is moving so fast, the usage of technology as an instrument that supports every aspects of human life, makes every single step that people who lived in the city which usually called the urban society, is fond of accessing the information. The strength of the information could represent the perceptions of urban society, from their economical activities to their desire of matters. Information is considered as a commodity because by having a certain information you could communicate with other person that have the same currency as you do, which is the information itself. Instagram came as a platform that provide our daily needs of information. The form of communications that Instagram provides is the visual information that aims the needs to communicate with others."

"This book presents the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Engineering, collecting the best papers from the event, which was held in Wrocław, Poland in June 2018. It includes contributions from researchers in computer engineering addressing the applied science and development of the industry and offering up-to-date information on the development of the key technologies in technology transfer. It is divided into the following thematic sections:- parametric and concurrent design,- advanced numerical simulations of physical systems,- integration of CAD/CAE systems for machine design,- presentation of professional CAD and CAE systems,- presentation of the modern methods of machine testing,- presentation of practical CAD/CAM/CAE applications:- designing and manufacturing of machines and technical systems,- durability prediction, repairs and retrofitting of power equipment,- strength and thermodynamic analyses of power equipment,- design and calculation of various types of load-carrying structures,- numerical methods of dimensioning materials handling and long-distance transport equipment (cranes, gantries, automotive, rail, air, space and other special vehicles and earth-moving machinery),- CAE integration problems."

"This thesis presents an accurate and advanced numerical methodology to remedy difficulties such as direct numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), grid generation processes in tokamak fusion facilities, and the coupling between the surface tension force and Lorentz force in the metallurgical industry. In addition, on the basis of the numerical platform it establishes, it also investigates selected interesting topics, e.g. single bubble motion under the influence of either vertical or horizontal magnetic fields. Furthermore, it confirms the relation between the bubble’s path instability and wake instability, and observes the anisotropic (isotropic) effect of the vertical (horizontal) magnetic field on the vortex structures, which determines the dynamic behavior of the rising bubble.The direct numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows has proven difficult in the field of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) research, because it not only concerns the coupling of the equations governing the electromagnetic field and the fluid motion, but also calls for suitable numerical methods for computing the electromagnetic field. In tokamak fusion facilities, where the MHD effect is significant and the flow domain is complex, the process of grid generation requires considerable time and effort. Moreover, in the metallurgical industry, where multiphase MHD flows are usually encountered, the coupling between the surface tension force and Lorentz force adds to the difficulty of deriving direct numerical simulations."

"Penyebaran HIV/AIDS semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan telah menjadi salah satu jenis penyakit terburuk yang pernah diketahui. Data genotyping protease HIV-1 dari pengidap HIV/AIDS (kode DY1) menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi beberapa mutasi yang muncul pada DY1. Simulasi dilakukan terhadap kompleks HXB2-saquinavir dan DY1-saquinavir untuk mempelajari sistem kompleks secara struktural dan energetik. Simulasi MDS yang digabung dengan perhitungan energi menggunakan metode mekanika kuantum menunjukkan bahwa keadaan terprotonasi protease HIV-1 terjadi pada residu Asp25 yaitu pada atom OD1.Struktur dan pola interaksi obat terhadap enzim antara HXB2 dan DY1 memiliki tingkat kemiripan yang cukup baik dengan RMSD 0,83 Å. Namun demikian, telah terjadi perubahan struktur 3D yang cukup signifikan terutama pada tempat-tempat terjadinya mutasi. Konformasi yang terjadi pada sisi aktif dan ring flaps menyebabkan penurunan energi ikatan hidrogen antara saquinavir dan residu Asp25 dan Asp29. Konformasi pada sisi aktif yang letaknya relatif jauh dari tempattempat mutasi dihipotesiskan sebagai akibat yang bersifat akumulatif dari perubahan medan gaya yang menginduksi perubahan struktur sistem secara global. Konformasi tersebut juga menyebabkan perubahan orientasi sub site P1 dan P3 pada saquinavir.Perhitungan menggunakan metode DFT (B3LYP/6-31G) yang dikombinasi dengan metode semiempirik menunjukkan bahwa energi kompleks DY1-saquinavir menurun relatif terhadap kompleks HXB2-saquinavir. Secara keseluruhan, dalam batasan akurasi metode dan parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, mutasi pada DY1 menyebabkan penurunan energi ikat kompleks PR-saquinavir dalam orde yang cukup signifikan dan berpengaruh langsung terhadap resistensi DY1 pada treatment saquinavir.

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The spread of HIV/AIDS has increased every year and became one of the worst diseases ever known. Genotyping data of HIV-1 protease (DY1) from HIV/AIDS patient showed that there were mutations on DY1. Molecular dynamics simulations of HXB2 and DY1 protease complex with saquinavir were carried out to explore structure and interactions of the drug resistance. The molecular dynamics result combined with quantum mechanics based calculations showed that a monoprotonation took place on Asp25, i.e. on inner oxygen atom (OD1).The overall structures and pattern of inhibitor bindings on HXB2 and DY1 were similar with RMSD 0,83 Å. However, there are conformational changes that occur on mutation sites in DY1 because of local interaction effect due to substitutions of mutated residues. Conformational changes on active sites and ring flaps disrupt hidrogen bonding between saquinavir and Asp29 and Asp25 residues. This conformational change was hypothesized as consequences of force field change that induced structural conformations due to the overall mutations that occur on DY1. The structural changes on active site also causing conformational change on saquinavir especially on P3 and P1 sub sites.High level quantum mechanics calculations (DFT, B3LYP/6-31G) combined with semi-empirical method showed that the energy of DY1-saquinavir complex has decreased in significant order relative to HXB2-saquinavir complex. According to the results of all simulations of HXB2 and DY1, the mutations that occur on DY1 have potent in decreasing the binding energy between DY1 and saquinavir."

"This paper primarily attempts to detect the trend in the present upshots of global warming temperature data. It has been done through the estimation of the long memory fractional parameter using a simulation technique in the presence of additive outilers which stands as wild observations generated in the atmosphere due to global warming. Then the study investigates empirically the impact global warming on the particular aspect of global agricultural production. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, a data generating process is applied here additive outliers are generated in a discrate way. Observed facts reveal that additive outliers affect the bias and the MSE of the estimated fractional parameter. The size of the additive outliers in data generating process has also important effects on the estimated fractional parameter depending on the value of true fractional parameter. The result exhibits a non-trend or a natural cyclical variability influenced by a stochastic process in the case of climate change behavior with wild observations (outilers) that produce contradictory outcome of profound uncertainties againts the case of true world temperature data trend. The results of empirical investigations assert that in the late 21 century unabated global warming would have a negative impact on global agricultural production in the aggregate and the impact could be severe if carbon fertilization benefits (enhancements of yields in a carbon-rich environment) do not materialize, especially if water scarcity limits irrigation. In addition, if warming would not halt in the 2080s, but would continue on a path toward still higher global temperature in the composition of agricultural damage could be more severe. The study also shows that the composition of agricultural effects is likely to be seriously unfavorable to developing countries with the most severe losses in Africa, Latin America and India."

"This book presents a new approach to learning the dynamics of particles and rigid bodies at an intermediate to advanced level. There are three distinguishing features of this approach. First, the primary emphasis is to obtain the equations of motion of dynamical systems and to solve them numerically. As a consequence, most of the analytical exercises and homework found in traditional dynamics texts written at this level are replaced by MATLAB®-based simulations. Second, extensive use is made of matrices. Matrices are essential to define the important role that constraints have on the behavior of dynamical systems. Matrices are also key elements in many of the software tools that engineers use to solve more complex and practical dynamics problems, such as in the multi-body codes used for analyzing mechanical, aerospace, and biomechanics systems. The third and feature is the use of a combination of Newton-Euler and Lagrangian (analytical mechanics) treatments for solving dynamics problems. Rather than discussing these two treatments separately, Engineering Dynamics 2.0 uses a geometrical approach that ties these two treatments together, leading to a more transparent description of difficult concepts such as "virtual" displacements."