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"Heru Subaris Kasjono, editor"

"Previous studies showed that social distance has an important role in explaining donation behavior. This is built on the notion that a person is more likely to give donation to someone with similar group memberships. However, each person has different levels of proximity (or distance) towards the target with group memberships. Objective/y, they may have the same social background. Subjectively, however, the person may perceive that their personal identity not closely related to the social group in common that might cause to perceive a distant to the target and cosequently would not be able to increase donation behavior. This study attempted to further understand the relationship of social distance with donation behavior by examining the fusion identity as moderator. One hundred and ten undergraduate Muslim students of Universitas Indonesia (M=19.87, SD=1. 10) were recruited as participants. We used 2 (social distance: near vs. distant) x 2 (identity fusion: high vs. low) between subject design. The analysis showed that 15.30% variance donation behavior can be explained by social distance, F(5,104)= 3.756, p= 0.04, though social distance did not have a significant unique effect to wards donation behavior. However, there was a significant interaction effect between social distance and identity fusion 0.456, SE: 0187, 9500 0/ [0.086, 0.826], t= 2.443. p= 0.016268, 95% CI [min 1235, min 0.173], t: min 2. 631, p= 0.010) but not when the identity fusion is high). Specially, social distance affected donation behavior when the identity fusion is low (b: min 0. 704, SE: 0."

"Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lanjutan dari studi Maglio, Trope, dan Liberman (2013b) mengenai pengaruh jarak spasial dalam mengurangi sensitivitas terhadap jarak sosial (studi 5). Penelitian lanjutan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana faktor emosi yang diatribusikan pada jarak sosial yang jauh dapat memengaruhi efek jarak spasial terhadap jarak sosial, mengingat penilaian jarak sosial pasti melibatkan emosi yang dirasakan individu terhadap objek penilaian. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua studi yang melibatkan 186 mahasiswa S1 psikologi UI sebagai partisipan. Studi pertama yang merupakan replikasi dari studi 5 Maglio, dkk (2013b) menunjukkan hasil serupa dengan penelitian acuan, yaitu kelompok dengan manipulasi jarak spasial jauh merasakan jarak sosial yang lebih dekat dibandingkan kelompok partisipan dengan manipulasi jarak spasial dekat, F(1, 59,6)= 5,12, p=0,04, η2= 0,06. Studi kedua mengungkap bahwa terdapat interaksi antara jarak spasial dengan emosi, ΔR2= 0,023, F(2,186)= 3,40, p= 0,03. Secara lebih detail, pemberian manipulasi emosi negatif pada jarak sosial jauh dapat menguatkan pengaruh jarak spasial terhadap jarak sosial, b=-13122,58, t= -2,46, p= 0,01 jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa manipulasi emosi, b= -11357,81,t= -2,17, p= 0,03. Sebaliknya, pemberian manipulasi emosi positif pada jarak sosial jauh membuat manipulasi jarak spasial tidak signifikan dalam mengurangi sensitivitas terhadap jarak sosial, b= 4866,67, t= 0,89, p= 0,37. Oleh karena itu, emosi dapat menjadi moderator antara pengaruh jarak spasil terhadap jarak sosial.

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This research is the continuation of Maglio, Trope and Liberman (2013b) study about the influence of spatial distance in reducing sensitivity of social distance (study 5). This continuation study was conducted to discover how emotional factors that are attributed toward social distance can influence the effect of spatial distance toward social distance, considering how social distance perception must involves emotion felt by individual concerning perceived object. This research involves two studies with 186 undergraduate psychology UI students as the participants. The first study is a replication from Maglio, et al.(2013b) study 5, which resulted on similar result with the original study, whereas the group with far spatial distance manipulation perceive closer social distance compared to the group with near spatial distance manipulation, F(1,59,6)= 5,12, p= 0,04, η2= 0,06. The second study reveal that there is an interaction between spatial distance and emotion, ΔR2= 0,023, F(2,186)= 3,40, p=0,03. On more specific note, negative emotion manipulation on far social distance can enhance the influence of spatial distance toward social distance, b=-13122,58, t= -2,46, p= 0,01 compared to the group with no emotional manipulation, b= -11357,81, t= -2,17, p= 0,03. In contrast, positive emotion manipulation on social distance makes spatial distance manipulation insignificant in reducing sensitivity toward social distance, b= 4866,67, t= 0,89, p= 0,37. In summary, emotion can be a moderator between the influence of spatial distance toward social distance."

"This study introduces the analysis of Construal Level Theory (CLT), which comprises how the mind traverses objects, to explain the potential violation of the rational economic assumption. The study analyses whether information perception could explain irrationality in giving: altruist behaviour. Built upon the importance of framing effects, the study manipulated a development initiative victim narrative and message framing through 2(social distance) x 2(message framing) factorial dictator game towards 120 participants. This research reports higher pure altruists where the congruence of information perception level were primed into low or high level. These are, when victims were manipulated as socially proximal (distal) to the dictators and paired with loss (gain) message framing, full-shot donations were 20-30% higher than the other conditions. Accordingly, the research encourages the government to frame contribution-based development programs on a construal basis to accelerate and improve the quality of initiatives. Lastly, the study demonstrates partial support over the empathy mediation analysis in the construal basis – which is only cognitive empathy mediates altruism. The central discovery of the research is that the way individuals’ perceive information explains altruism behaviour.

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Studi ini memperkenalkan analisis Construal Level Theory (CLT), mencakup bagaimana pikiran manusia memersepsikan berbagai objek, dalam menjelaskan potensi penyimpangan asumsi rasionalitas dalam ekonomi. Studi ini menganalisis apakah persepsi manusia terhadap suatu informasi dapat menjelaskan irasionalitas dalam kegiatan memberi: perilaku altruisme. Didasari oleh pentingnya framing effects, eksperimen dalam studi ini dilakukan dengan memanipulasi victim narrative dan message framing program pembangunan dengan 2(jarak sosial) x 2(message framing) faktorial dictator game terhadap 120 peserta. Eksperimen ini mengungkap peningkatan altruis apabila kongruensi persepsi diatur pada level rendah atau tinggi. Yaitu, ketika target program pembangunan dimanipulasi dengan jarak sosial dekat (jauh) dipasangkan dengan loss (gain) message framing, kontribusi 20-30% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kondisi lainnya. Oleh karena itu, studi ini mendorong pemerintah untuk mengaplikasikan konsep framing pada program pembangunan berbasis kontribusi dengan pendekatan construal untuk mempercepat dan meningkatkan kualitas program. Terakhir, eksperimen ini mendemonstrasikan dukungan parsial terhadap analisis mediasi empati dalam basis construal – bahwa hanya empati kognitif yang memediasikan perilaku altruisme. Penemuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pikiran manusia memersepsikan informasi dapat menjelaskan perilaku altruisme."

"Case study research has a long history within the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, dating back to the early 1920’s. At first it was a useful way for researchers to make valid inferences from events outside the laboratory in ways consistent with the rigorous practices of investigation inside the lab. Over time, case study approaches garnered interest in multiple disciplines as scholars studied phenomena in context. Despite widespread use, case study research has received little attention among the literature on research strategies.The Encyclopedia of Case Study Research provides a compendium on the important methodological issues in conducting case study research and explores both the strengths and weaknesses of different paradigmatic approaches. These two volumes focus on the distinctive characteristics of case study research and its place within and alongside other research methodologies.Key FeaturesTypes of Case Study Research"