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Abstrak :
Policy responses to the global financial meltdown of 2008 and the collepse of aggregate demand have largely been driven by domestic interests. Resurgent protectionism, bank bail-outs and national-level stimulus packages are distorting competition and incentives to the detriment of developing countries, much needed spending on social protection and ultimately, rapid global economic recovery.....

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ABSTRACT
This literature review seeks to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of evidence concerning decentralization and its impact onvulnerable groupsthrough social protection(SP)programs with the specific case of Indonesia. Having explored six major databases with various keyword strings, the resultslead to considerable gaps in the knowledge base for decentralization and social protection, particularly for cases in developing countries. Most of the literature is data free, based on theory, assumption, or conjecture.Four key issues have been generated out of extensive search results. First, the weak correlation and varied results of decentralization implementation and local service delivery. Second, the impact of decentralization on SP is unclear. Third, a countrys current regulatory environment and administrative capacity, significantly determine the overall success of SP programs.Fourth is the potential features of decentralization that can be drawn upon to enhance SP.

Abstrak :
Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) merupakan salah satu kebijakan untuk mendukung pelaksanaan program pembangunan sosial di Indonesia. Hal ini sesuai dengan amanat UUD 1945, dimana negara hadir melalui perlindungan sosial untuk mewujudkan keadilan sosial. Salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan program JKN adalah aspek partisipasi masyarakat. UU SJSN tahun 2004 mengikat warga negara untuk ikut serta dalam program ini tanpa terkecuali. JKN pertama kali diimplementasikan pada tahun 2014 dengan target cakupan kepesertaan sampai dengan akhir 2019 adalah 95%. Namun dalam perkembangnnya, sampai dengan Mei 2020 cakupan kepesertaan adalah 82,04%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika dalam perencanaan kebijakan program JKN dari aspek kepesertaan. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kualitatif untuk menganalisis dinamika perencanaan kebijakan yang terjadi diantara pemangku kepentingan terkait JKN di Kementerian PPN/Bappenas, Kemenko PMK, DJSN dan Tenaga Ahli DPR RI. Peneliti melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan pejabat terkait dan studi dokumentasi. Data studi dokumentasi bersumber berbagai berbagai dokumen terkait JKN sejak tahun 2014 sampai 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat target yang optimis terkait kepesertaan, target ini mempengaruhi secara langsung kualitas dari program JKN, salah satunya adalah kondisi defisit yang saat ini terjadi. Perlu dilakukan kaligrasi ulang terhadap target Universal Health Coverage di Indonesia. Beberapa hambatan yang terjadi antara lain perbedaan pemahaman program, masalah kelembagaan dan pendanaan, inkonsitensi peserta dan data. ......National Health Insurance (JKN) is one of the policies to support the implementation of social development programs in Indonesia. This is in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, where the state is present through social protection to achieve social justice. One of the determining factors for the success of the JKN program is the aspect of participation. The SJSN Law of 2004 binds citizens to participate in this program without exception. JKN was first implemented in 2014 with a target of achieving membership until the end of 2019 is 95%. But in its development, until May 2020, membership reached 82.04% of population his study aims to determine the dynamics in JKN program policy planning from the aspect of membership. The research method uses a qualitative study to analyse the dynamics of policy planning that happened among stakeholders related to JKN in the Ministry of Development Planning, Coordinating Ministry of Human Development and Culture, National Social Security Council, and Indonesia Parliament. Researchers conduct in-depth interviews with relevant officials and study documentation. Documentation study data is sourced from various documents related to JKN from 2014 to 2020. The results showed there were optimistic targets related to participation, this target directly affected the quality of the JKN program, one of which was the current deficit problem. It is necessary to recalibrate the Universal Health Coverage target in Indonesia. Some of the obstacles that occur include differences in understanding of the program, safety and order issues, inconsistencies of participants and data.

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Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Bank Dunia dalam perkembangan sektor perlindungan sosial di Indonesia dengan menggunakan kerangka berpikir neo-gramscianism yang dikemukakan oleh Robert Cox. Tulisan ini mengkategorikan perkembangan sistem perlindungan sosial di Indonesia ke dalam lima periode, yaitu i periode sebelum Krisis Finansial Asia 1997, ii periode diperkenalkannya program Jaring Pengaman Sosial JPS tahun 1997-2001, iii periode transisi program temporer menjadi program reguler terinstitusionalisasi tahun 2002-2004, iv periode pembentukan sistem jaminan sosial nasional tahun 2005-2011, dan v periode pengintegrasian institusi jaminan sosial tahun 2012 hingga saat ini. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa terdapat peranan Bank Dunia yang penting di dalam proses perkembangan program perlindungan sosial di Indonesia ditinjau dari sisi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, dan pendanaan. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa keterlibatan aktif Bank Dunia tersebut merupakan manifestasi dari fungsi Bank Dunia sebagai organisasi internasional untuk melanggengkan hegemoni norma neoliberalisme. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa agenda untuk mengembangkan sistem perlindungan sosial merupakan suatu langkah yang harus ditempuh Bank Dunia untuk melanggengkan sistem hegemoni neoliberalisme yang ada.

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This paper aims to analyze the role of the World Bank in the development of social protection policy in Indonesia using the neo gramscianism framework proposed by Robert Cox. This paper categorized the development of social protection system in Indonesia into five periods, namely i i the period before the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, ii the introduction period of the Social Safety Net SSN 1997 2001, iii temporary transitional program period into an institutionalized program 2002 2004, iv the period of establishment of the national social security system in 2005 2011, v the period of integration of social security institutions in 2012 to the present. The result of the analysis concludes that, there is an important role of the Bank in the development process of social protection programmes in Indonesia, in terms of planning, implementation, supervision, and funding. This research argues that the World Bank rsquo s active involvement is a form of manifestation of the World Bank rsquo s function as an international organization to perpetuate the hegemony of neoliberalism values. Ultimately, this research concludes that the World Bank as the manifestation of the existing system of neoliberal hegemony in which the agenda to develop social protection system is an essential step to take to perpetuate the current system.

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Protection issues of children's rights in Indonesia has not received sufficient attention. Law4 of 1979 concerning child welfare, and No. 23 of 2002 on the protection of children. Children'srights, such as the right to life, the right to protection from the threats to her own safety, the right to equality in education, employment, health, the right to employment, the right to meet the needs of food, clothing and shelter. Quantitatively, the number of street children in the city of Padang in the last ten years has increased. This research provides in-depth information about the various forms of violence experienced by street children in the city of Padang. This study was conducted in five point activity gathering place and street children in the city of Padang.The study found that violence to street children and some factors which it caused the violence.Demoralization among street children is a reaction to a situation that is very limited and therigors of life on the streets. It is difficult to make strict limits on the morality of the group of street children. All forms of violence experienced by children and street, is a phenomenological reality for street children and a variety of social interactions that occur among street children in it loaded with a cargo of reciprocity, and can be seen as a form of social safety networks.

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Kebijakan subsidi LPG 3 Kg yang sedang berjalan di Indonesia saat ini berbasis komoditas sehingga beresiko tinggi untuk menyasar target yang salah karena setiap orang dapat dengan bebas membelinya. Untuk mengatasi tingginya beban belanja subsidi pada ruang fiskal, pemerintah Indonesia berusaha untuk melakukan reformasi subsidi yang menghasilkan Rancangan Kebijakan Subsidi LPG 3 Kg Tepat Sasaran. Namun, isu peralihan kebijakan ini meresahkan kelompok usaha mikro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat fungsi rancangan subsidi LPG 3 Kg sebagai suatu instrumen perlindungan sosial bagi kelompok usaha mikro. Penelitian ini juga berusaha untuk menggambarkan elemen-elemen pertimbangan yang diambil oleh rancangan kebijakan subsidi LPG 3 Kg tepat sasaran dalam konteks pengambilan keputusan dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial oleh Gilbert dan Terrel. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap perencana kebijakan, perwakilan dan pelaku usaha mikro serta ahli perlindungan sosial. Studi dokumentasi dilakukan pada perundang-undangan terkait dan hasil uji coba pemanfaatan teknologi dalam penyaluran subsidi LPG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subsidi LPG 3 Kg secara umum merupakan suatu bentuk perlindungan sosial bagi kelompok miskin dan rentan pada masyarakat melalui pengurangan biaya kegiatan yang dibebankan kepada masyarakat. Selain itu, melalui perspektif kebijakan kesejahteraan sosial, sudah memilih elemen-elemen pertimbangan terbaik pada rancangan kebijakan subsidi LPG 3 Kg tepat sasaran. ......The 3 Kg LPG subsidy policy currently ongoing in Indonesia is having a form of commodity-based so there is a high risk of mistargeting as anyone can buy it freely. To overcome the high burden of subsidies spending on the fiscal space, the Indonesian government is planning to conduct subsidy reforms that resulted the Design of Targeted 3 Kg LPG Subsidy. However, the issue of the policy phased out and rationalized is raising the insecurity of the micro businesses. This study aims to see the role of the 3 Kg LPG subsidy as a social protection instrument for the micro businesses. This study also seeks to describe the elements in the dimensions of choices in social welfare policy taken by the targeted 3 Kg LPG subsidy policy design in the context of decision making using a social welfare policy analysis framework by Gilbert and Terrel. In-depth interviews were conducted with policy planners, representatives and owners of microbusinesses as well as social protection expert. The documentation study was carried out on the relevant legislation and the pilot project report of the utilization of financial technology for the distribution of LPG subsidies. The results showed that the 3 Kg LPG subsidy in general is a form of social protection for the poor and vulnerable in society through reducing the cost of activities that are supposed to be accrued by the community. In addition, as per the perspective of social welfare policies, has selected the best consideration elements in the design of targeted 3 Kg LPG subsidy.

Abstrak :
Tulisan ini merupakan refleksi pengalaman saya dalam mengikuti Program Desa Cemara yang diadakan oleh Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini akan berfokus pada upaya kepesertaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) BPJS PBI untuk kelompok masyarakat rentan, dan mekanisme pendataan Sepakat Desa dan Regsosek. Mekanisme penargetan berbasis data memungkinkan hilangnya subjektivitas dalam program perlindungan sosial. Basis data Sepakat Desa dan Regsosek yang digunakan merupakan inskripsi yang dihasilkan melalui serangkaian prosedural yang telah diatur sebagai inscriptional device. Pengambilan data didasarkan pada pengalaman saya dalam implementasi program perlindungan sosial di Desa Pasanggrahan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif berdasarkan data Sepakat Desa dan Regsosek, serta observasi dan wawancara untuk memperkuat data yang ada. Program perlindungan sosial dalam bentuk kepesertaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional merupakan hal yang penting bagi kelompok rentan, seperti disabilitas, penyakit kronis berkepanjangan, dan lansia. Masih diperlukan sinkronisasi data Sepakat Desa dan Regsosek dengan data DTKS dalam mengimplementasikan program perlindungan sosial. Selain itu, diperlukan pula pemutakhiran secara berkala untuk menjaga kualitas data kependudukan yang digunakan sebagai acuan program perlindungan sosial. ......This paper is a reflection of my experience in participating in the Desa Cemara Program held by the Ministry of National Development Planning/Bappenas. The discussion in this paper will focus on the BPJS PBI National Health Insurance (JKN) membership efforts for vulnerable groups, and the data collection mechanisms of Sepakat Desa and Regsosek. Data-driven targeting mechanisms enable the elimination of subjectivity in social protection programs. The Sepakat Desa and Regsosek databases used are inscriptions produced through a series of procedural arrangements as inscriptional devices. Data collection is based on my experience in implementing social protection programs in Desa Pasanggrahan. This was conducted using quantitative methods based on data from the Sepakat Desa and Regsosek, as well as observations and interviews to strengthen existing data. Social protection programs in the form of National Health Insurance membership are important for vulnerable groups, such as those with disabilities, prolonged chronic illnesses, and the elderly. There is still a need to synchronize data from Sepakat Desa and Regsosek with DTKS data in implementing social protection programs. In addition, regular updates are also needed to maintain the quality of population data used as a reference for social protection programs.

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Artikel ini membahas tentang strategi pekerja transportasi roda dua dalam merespon ketiadaan perlindungan sosial di era pasar kerja fleksibel. Berbagai studi sebelumnya menemukan bahwa sistem pasar kerja fleksibel menyebabkan ketiadaan perlindungan sosial sebagai respon dari perusahaan. Selain itu, studi lainnya menjelaskan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah mengenai perlindungan sosial secara substansial yang dirancang khusus untuk pekerja informal tidak berjalan. Argumen dari penelitian ini adalah komunitas pekerja yang tidak terlembagakan penting membentuk inisiatif informal sebagai perlindungan sosial karena implementasi sistem perlindungan sosial nasional yang diharapkan belum memberikan dampak signifikan bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Studi ini secara khusus menggambarkan bentuk inisiatif-inisiatif informal komunitas pengemudi transportasi online sebagai perlindungan di tengah keterbatasan institusi-instiusi perlindungan sosial yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada pengemudi Go-jek dan Grab di wilayah Jakarta Selatan.

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ABSTRACT
This article discusses motorbike online transport worker strategies in responding to the lack of social protection in a labour market flexibility era. Previous studies have found that a flexible labor market system leads to the lack of social protection in response to firms. In addition, other studies explain that substantial government policy on social protection specifically designed for informal workers is not working. The argument from this study is that an unorganized worker community is important to establish informal initiatives as social protection because the implementation of the national social protection system that is expected to be the social protection of the entire community has not had a significant impact on the people of Indonesia. This study specifically describes the informal initiatives of the community of online transport drivers as a protection amid the limitations of existing social protection instituu8tions. This study used a qualitative approach conducted with in-depth interviews to Go-jek and Grab drivers in South Jakarta area.