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"Language is indissolubly linked with the members of the society in which it is spoken, and social factors are inevitably reflected in their speech. In this accessible introduction, Downes surveys the various ways that language can be studied as a social phenomenon. He discusses the known relationships between language variation and large-scale social factors, showing how the variation runs along ‘fault lines in social structure’, such as divisions between social classes, the sexes and different ethnic groups. Topics covered include domains of language use, language change, code-switching, speech as social action and the nature of meaning and understanding. This thoroughly revised edition includes an up-to-date analysis of language standardisation, language conflict and planning, and a critique of the pragmatic theory of communication. It explains and illustrates the notion of register, and examines the issues surrounding language ideology and power."

"A comprehensive 'how to' guide to the practical analysis of language variation in a social context."

"The study of how language varies in social context, and how it can be analysed and accounted for, are the two key goals of sociolinguistics. Until now, however, the actual tools and methods have been largely passed on through ‘word of mouth’ rather than being formally documented. This is the first comprehensive, ‘how-to’ guide to the formal analysis of sociolinguistic variation. It shows step-by-step how the analysis is carried out, leading the reader through every stage of a research project from start to finish. Topics covered include fieldwork, data organisation and management, analysis and interpretation, presenting research results and writing up a paper. Practical and informal, the book contains all the information needed to conduct a fully fledged sociolinguistic investigation, and includes exercises, checklists, references andinsider tips. "