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"Quenchant dengan konduktivitas termal tinggi dapat meningkatkan lajupendinginan, sehingga didapat hasil perlakuan panas dengan sifat mekanis yang lebihbaik. Salah satu cara meningkatkan konduktivitas termal adalah dengan membuatnanofluida. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan nanopartikel berupa Multi-walled CarbonNanotubes (MWCNT) as-received. Nanofluida berbasis CNT disintesis menggunakanmetode dua tahap. CNT dengan konsentrasi sebesar 0,1%, 0,3%, dan 0,5%didispersikan pada fluida dasar berupa air distilasi. Untuk meningkatkan stabilitasnanofluida, ditambahkan surfaktan Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS)sebanyak 3%, 5%, dan 7% serta dilakukan ultrasonikasi selama 15 menit. Nanofluidatersebut digunakan sebagai quenchant dengan lama imersi 4 menit untuk prosesperlakuan panas baja S45C dengan temperatur austenisasi sebesar 900˚C. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa konduktivitas termal nanofluida meningkat seiringdengan penambahan konsentrasi CNT, kecuali pada sampel tanpa penambahansurfaktan. Seiring penambahan surfaktan, konduktivitas termal meningkat hinggamencapai kadar optimum dan kemudian menurun, kecuali pada sampel denganpenambahan surfaktan sebanyak 3%. Nilai kekerasan baja S45C hasil quenching tidakdipengaruhi secara linear oleh konduktivitas termal quenchant.

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Quenchant with high thermal conductivity could increase the cooling rate;

hence heat treatment results with better mechanical properties are obtained. One

method to increase the thermal conductivity is by creating nanofluids. In this study,

Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) as-received were used as nanoparticles.

The CNT-based nanofluids were synthesized using the two-step method. CNTs with

concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% were dispersed to the base fluid, distilled

water. To increase the stability of the nanofluids, Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate

(SDBS) surfactants as much as 3%, 5%, and 7% were added; further, ultrasonication

was carried out for 15 minutes. The nanofluids were used as quenchants with an

immersion time of 4 minutes for the heat treatment process of S45C steel with an

austenitizing temperature of 900˚C. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of

nanofluids increased with the addition of CNT concentration, except for samples

without the addition of surfactants. On the other side, as more surfactants were added,

the thermal conductivity increased until it reached the optimum level and then

decreased, except for samples with 3% surfactant. The hardness values of quenched

S45C steels are not linearly affected by the thermal conductivity of the quenchants."

"Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi baru dengan beban termal yang terus meningkat, penciptaan cairan inovatif untuk meningkatkan kinerja pendinginan dan mencapai perpindahan panas yang efisien seperti fluida termal sangat dibutuhkan. Dalam penelitian ini, karbon berbasis kelapa menjalani planetary ball milling selama 15 jam pada 500 rpm untuk menghasilkan nanopartikel, meskipun sayangnya tidak mencapai ukuran nano. Partikel berbasis karbon kelapa (CCP) dengan konsentrasi 0,1%, 0,3% dan 0,5% didispersikan ke dalam akuades untuk termal fluida termal berbasis karbon kelapa. Penambahan surfaktan Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) sebanyak 3%, 5%, dan 7% dilakukan dan dilanjut dengan ultrasonikasi selama 16 menit. Selanjutnya, cairan termal karbon kelapa digunakan sebagai quenchant baja S45C. Dalam penelitian ini, campuran partikel dan surfaktan yang optimum untuk menghasilkan fluida termal yang efisien adalah konsentrasi CCP 0,5% dengan surfaktan SDBS 3%. Nilai konduktivitas termal mencapai 0,7 w/mK dan menghasilkan nilai kekerasan 54 HRC. Secara bersamaan, tanpa surfaktan, penambahan partikel yang optimal adalah 0,3%. Pada akhirnya, fluida termal berbasis karbon kelapa cenderung menghasilkan konduktivitas termal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan air dengan pengaruh terutama dari nilai kritis partikel, konsentrasi SDBS, dan suhu.

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As new technologies with increasing thermal loads continuously developed, the creation of an innovative fluid to increase cooling performance and achieve an efficient heat transfer such as thermal fluid is urgently needed. In this study, coconut-based carbon underwent planetary ball milling for 15 hours in 500 rpm to create nanoparticles, although unfortunately it did not reach nano-sized. Coconut carbon-based particles (CCP) with 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% concentrations were dispersed into distilled water to create coconut carbon-based thermal fluids. An addition of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) surfactants as much as 3%, 5%, and 7% were added, concurrent with ultrasonication that was carried out for 16 minutes. Furthermore, coconut carbon-thermal fluids were used as quenchants of S45C steel. In this research, the optimum mixture of particles and surfactant to create an efficient thermal fluid would be 0.5% CCP concentration with 3% SDBS surfactant. The thermal conductivity value reached up to 0.7 w/mK and produced the hardness value of 54 HRC. Concurrently, without surfactant, the optimum addition of particles would be 0.3%. In the end, coconut carbon-based thermal fluids tend to produce higher thermal conductivity compared to water with influence mainly from the critical value of the particle, SDBS concentration, and temperature."