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"Tujuan : Menganalisa efek susu dan NaF 0,2% terhadap demineralisasi email gigi. Metode : Mahkota 30 gigi premolar dibentuk kubus gigi. Grup A-susu dan NaF 0,2% ; Grup B-susu ; Grup C-akuabides. Setelah 3 hari perendaman dalam larutan demineralisasi, gigi di scan menggunakan micro computed tomography (micro-CT). Hasil : MGV antara ketiga kelompok berbeda bermakna (p<0.05), kecuali antara grup A dan B. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi menggunakan susu saja menunjukkan efek protektif yang lebih tinggi terhadap demineralisasi dibandingkan dengan aplikasi susu dan NaF 0,2%.

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Objective : This study is aimed to analyze the effect of milk and tea on tooth enamel demineralization.

Methods : The coronal parts of 30 extracted sound premolars were prepared into tooth blocks (6mm3). Group A- milk and sodium fluoride 0,2% ; Group B-milk ; and Group C- deionized water. After 3 days immersion in a buffered demineralization solution at pH 4.4 , micro-Computed Tomography scans were taken.

Result : The mean grey value between the three groups were statistically significant at p<0.05, except between group A and B. Conclusion: Intervention with milk only showed higher protective effect againts demineralization compared to the appllication using milk and NaF 0,2%."

"Latar belakang: Pemakaian heroin masih cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Tesis ini membahas tentang pengaruh penambahan natrium florida pada penyimpanan sampel darah yang mengandung heroin ( 6 monoacetylmorphine dan morfin ) di kulkas suhu 5°C - 15°.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik eksperimental dalam lingkungan yang terkontrol. Terhadap 8 subjek penelitian diambil darahnya sebanyak 9 ml yaitu yang menggunakan heroin 30 menit hingga 3 jam sebelum pengambilan darah. Kemudian 9 ml darah dibagi menjadi 3 tabung, masing- masing tabung 3 ml. Tabung pertama langsung diperiksa kadar 6 monoacetylmorphine dan morfin menggunakan Gas Choromatography Mass Spectrometry. Tabung kedua yaitu darah dengan natrium florida dan tabung ketiga darah tanpa natrium florida disimpan dikulkas suhu 5°C - 15°C selama 3 hari. Hasil: Pada pemeriksaan sampel hari pertama terhadap zat 6 monoacetylmorphine tidak ditemukan adanya zat tersebut. Karena pada kedelapan sampel , 6 monoacetylmorphinenya telah berubah menjadi morfin. Tetapi 6 monoacetylmorphine ini tetap ada hingga hari ketiga pada 50% sampel yang disimpan dengan natrium florida. Rata-rata kadar morfin hari pertama adalah 860,2 ± 669,5 ng/ml menurun pada hari ketiga menjadi 656,6 ± 425,8 ng/ml ( sampel dengan penambahan natrium florida) , 448,2 ± 270,7 ng/ml ( sampel tanpa penambahan natrium florida). Rata-rata perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan pada sampel yang ditambahkan natrium florida adalah 203,6 ± 252,4 ng/ml dengan signifikansi (p) = 0,057. Rata-rata perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan pada sampel tanpa penambahan natrium florida adalah 411,9 ± 475,2 ng/ml dengan signifikansi (p) = 0,044. Kesimpulan Dengan penambahan natrium florida dapat mencegah perubahan 6 monoacetylmorphine menjadi morfin pada 50% sampel penelitian. Pada sampel yang disimpan dengan natrium florida, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kadar morfin sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan selama 3 hari dikulkas suhu 5°C - 15°C. Pada sampel yang disimpan tanpa natrium florida , terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar morfin sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan selama 3 hari dikulkas suhu 5°C - 15°C.

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Background: Heroin consumption is still quite high in Indonesia. This study is to discuss the effect of adding sodium fluoride to the storage of blood samples containing heroin (6 monoacetylmorphine and morphine) in a refrigerator with a temperature of 5°C to 15°C.

Methods: This study is an experimental analysis in a controlled environment. To the 8 subject of study, 9 ml of blood was drawn who was using heroin 30 minutes to 3 hours before blood sampling. This 9 ml of blood were then saved into 3 tubes of 3 ml each. The first tube was directly examined for the levels of 6 monoacetylmorphine and morphine using Gas Choromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The second tube of blood with sodium fluoride and the third tube of blood without sodium fluoride were stored in refrigerator of 5°C to 15°C for 3 days.

Results: On the first day examinations, 6 monoacetylmorphine were not found, because all of the samples, 6 monoacetylmorphine has changed to morphine. But this 6 monoacetylmorphine remains until the third day in 50% of samples stored with sodium fluoride. Average concentration of morphine in the first day was 860.2 ± 669.5 ng/ml and decreased to 656.6 ± 425.8 ng/ml on the third day (samples with the addition of sodium fluoride), and to 448.2 ± 270.7 ng / ml (sample without the addition of sodium fluoride). The average difference between before and after storage in the samples added with sodium fluoride is 203.6 ± 252.4 ng/ml with significance of (p) = 0.057. The average difference between before and after storage in the samples without the addition of sodium fluoride was 411.9 ± 475.2 ng/ml with significance (p) = 0.044.

Conclusion The additions of sodium fluoride prevent changes of 6 monoacetylmorphine into morphine in 50% of the study sample. In samples stored with sodium fluoride, there is no significant difference between the levels of morphine before and after storage for 3 days in refrigerator with temperature of 5°C to 15°C. In the samples stored without sodium fluoride, while there is a significant difference between the levels of morphine before and after storage for 3 days in refrigerator temperature of 5°C to 15°C."

"ABSTRACTUncertainty exists as to how to best prevent root caries development. The aim of the present study was to compare sodium fluoride (NaF), chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnishes (V) and rinses (R) regarding their caries preventive effect in an artificial caries biofilm model. 140 bovine root dentin samples were cut, polished and embedded. Samples were allocated to seven treatment groups (n = 20/group): Four varnishes (applied once prior biofilm challenge): 38% SDF (SDFV), 35% CHX-varnish (CHXV), 22,600 ppm NaF-varnish (NaFV), placebo-varnish (PV); two rinses (applied once daily during biofilm challenge): 500 ppm NaF solution (NaFR), 0.1% CHX solution (CHXR); one untreated group. Caries was induced in a multi-station, continuous-culture Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) biofilm model. Bacteria were inoculated 1 × daily, while 2% sucrose was supplied 8 ×/day followed by artificial saliva for 10 min. After 12 days, mineral loss (ΔZ) was measured in the effect area and adjacent to the varnished areas. Bacterial counts were assessed on de-Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar. ΔZ was significantly lower in the NaFR group compared with all other groups. Varnishes did not significantly prevent mineral loss in adjacent areas. None of the agents had a significant antimicrobial effect on LGG. Regular fluoride rinses showed highest root caries-preventive effect."

"Latar Belakang : Dentin hipersensitif (DH) sering pada pasien dengan peradangan periodontal kronis, karena permukaan akar terpapar akibat proses penyakit. Penggunaan pasta gigi saat menyikat gigi terbukti efektif menghilangkan plak gigi sebagai penyebab utama peradangan periodontal. Tujuan: Menganalisis peran penyikatan gigi dengan pasta gigi yang mengandung sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride dan potassium nitrate terhadap DH disertai peradangan periodontal. Metode: Uji eksperimental klinis, membandingkan dua kelompok dengan perbedaan perlakuan. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan sensitifitas dan peradangan periodontal pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Penurunan tingkat sensitifitas lebih besar pada kelompok penelitian.

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Background : Dentine Hypersensitivity is commonly found in patient with periodontal inflammation, due to exposed root surface as a result of disease process. Usage of toothpaste while brushing teeth is proven effective at removing plaque as major cause of inflammation.

Objective: Analyze the role of tooth brushing using toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate, sodium fluoride and potassium nitrate for dentine hypersensitivity with periodontal inflammation.

Methods: Experimental clinical trial comparing two treatment groups with differences.

Results: There is decreased sensitivity and inflammation in both groups.

Conclusion: Greater decreased sensitivity is found in study group."

"Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati ketahanan korosi dari TAD berbahan SS setelah pemaparan pada tiga jenis larutan kumur yang berbeda yang ditinjau dari permukaan topografi dan komposisi atomik. Metode : 28 unit TAD berbahan Stainless Steel dibagi secara merata ke dalam 4 kelompok larutan kumur (sodium fluoride 0,2%, povidone iodine 1%, kitosan 1,5%, dan air destilasi) yang masing-masing terdiri dari 7 unit TAD. Setelah 3 bulan perendaman dilakukan evaluasi ketahanan korosi material TAD SS menggunakan scanning electrone microscope (SEM) untuk melihat topografi permukaan dan energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) untuk melihat komposisi atomik pada permukaan logam TAD SS. Hasil : Uji SEM menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara permukaan TAD SS setelah pemaparan dalam larutan sodium fluoride, povidone iodine, dan larutan kontrol (air destilasi) yaitu permukaan menjadi kasar dan terbentuk korosi lubang/intergranular. Namun pada TAD SS yang direndam dalam larutan kitosan hanya mengalami perubahan permukaan menjadi kasar tanpa disertai korosi lubang/intergranular. Sementara uji EDS menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan antara komposisi atomik TAD berbahan logam stainless steel setelah dipaparkan dalam larutan Fluoride, povidone iodine, kitosan, dan air destilasi (kontrol). Kesimpulan : Perendaman TAD SS 316L pada ketiga larutan kumur memicu proses korosi yang terlihat dari kekasaran permukaan logam paska perendaman, dengan larutan sodium fluoride dan povidone iodine bersifat lebih korosif, sementara larutan kitosan yang paling tidak korosif. TAD SS 316L memiliki biokompatibilitas yang baik terlihat dari pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium yang minimal pada seluruh sampel TAD SS paska perendaman.

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Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of stainless steel TAD after immersion in three mouthwash solutions marked by topography surface and atomic composition. Methods : 28 unit stainless steel TADs were divided into 4 group of mouthwashes (0,2% sodium fluoride, 1% povidone iodine, 1,5% chitosan, and distilled water as control group) each consisting of 7 TADs. After 3 months of immersion, the corrosion resistance of SS TAD will be evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the surface topography and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze the atomic composition. Results: SEM images showed no significant difference between the surface topography of SS TAD after immersion in sodium fluoride, povidone iodine, and distilled water as they exhibit surface roughness and the presence of pitting/intergranular corrosion. However, SS TAD immersed in chitosan solution only displayed surface roughness without any sign of pitting/intergranular corrosion. EDS examination showed no significant difference between the atomic composition of SS TAD immersed in all mouthwash solutions. Conclusions : Immersion of SS TAD 316L in three different mouthwashes induced corrosion process which is shown by the surface roughness after 3 months of immersion. Sodium fluoride and povidone iodine mouthwash have shown to be more corrosive, while chitosan mouthwash was the least corrosive. SS TAD 316L displayed good biocompatibility which is shown by minimal release of nickel and chromium ions on all TAD samples after immersion"