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"Son preference has traditionally been a fundamental cultural value in Vietnamese families, and this preference appears to have intensified in Vietnam in recent years. The key explanation for why parents prefer sons to daughters is that Vietnamese families embrace Confucian notions of gender hierarchy. Based on in-depth interviews with twenty first-generation Vietnamese migrant parents from refugee and skilled migrant backgrounds, and 18 Vietnamese Australian children of migrant parents, this paper explores whether Vietnamese migrants to Australia and their children display a preference for sons in their families. The findings suggest that sons are no longer valued in the ways that they were in Vietnam. Many parents in this study did not express a need to live with, receive financial support from, or be cared for by their sons. The children also expressed fewer financial support and caring obligations to parents. We propose that the greater financial security afforded to the elderly by the social welfare system in Australia may decrease parents’ dependence on sons, lowering the value of sons in families. This strongly suggests that the economic value of sons is key to the persistence of son preference in Vietnam, more so than Confucian notions of gender hierarchy."

"When Artemis learns that his father has been kidnapped by the Russian mob, he races to the Arctic Circle to make a daring rescue, where he finds an old acquaintance, Captain Holly Short, who is investigating a plot of the goblin mob."

"Currently, in some countries the utilisation of cellulars keeps growing. This phenomenon is also accompanied by the increasing number of the cellulars providers. Like in Indonesia, there are some accompanies that will engage in this sector and commence to serve the cellulars, including lndosat-M3. From the development of the present technology, the usage of cellular is not only for a voice communication but also in the field of data and multimedia communications. This utilization of cellular technology will be little by little increasing by using SMS (Short Message Service).

In that way, the service of data and multimedia communications will be expected to be one of the essential services in cellular world, especially in business activities for giving help to those who are doing their activities in a mobile way. By those reasons, lndosat-M3, that gives service GSM 1800, has set up a portal. The company predicts that there is an opportunity to increase its revenue by taking advantage of its portal and its service ability of GSM 1800 in providing data communication service based on cellular communication to serve using.

By the existence of this portal, lndosat-M3 is expecting that the usage of GSM 1800 service will be ever more increasing due to the accession to the company's portal. The purpose of this portal is to give informations and all facilities needed in daily activity such as e-mail, of which almost all people use it, although the current accession to it through their own computers. However there are some issues to the mass utilization of the access of lndosat-M3 cellular portal. As many Indonesian people are not yet aware of using the cellular-based data communication technology, lndosat-M3 highly needs strategies for realizing the objectives by exerting all the capabilities it has to solve the issues. From those strategies, lndosat-M3 must be a leader in the cellular world, despite the difficulties in choosing the right strategies to propping up the realization of its high cellular traffic."

"ABSTRAKKarya tulis ini berjudul Gaya Naturalistik Dalam Native Son karya Richard Wright, dan membahas tentang pemakaian gaya naturalistik dalam novel tersebut. Aspek yang menonjol dalam novel ini adalah bahwa pemakaian gaya naturalistik mendukung protes yang ingin disampaikan oleh Richard Wright. Si pengarang berhasil menggambarkan bagaimana kualitas hubungan antar manusia di Amerika, khususnya hubungan antara kulit putih dan kulit hitam yang terjadi pada tahun 1940. Adapun tujuan dari karya tulis ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan alasan-alasan dipakainya gaya naturalistik dalam novel tersebut dan untuk membuktikan apakah Richard Wright dapat disebut sebagai pengarang naturalis mengingat saat penulisan novel tersebut tidak merupakan jaman puncak naturalisme dalam kesusasteraan Amerika. Untuk membahas novel ini, saya menggunakan analisis deskriptif di mana latar, penokohan dan tema ditinjau secara deskriptif. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian gaya naturalistik oleh Richard Wright dalam novel Native Son dapat menggambarkan bagaimana perbedaan konsep pemikiran kulit putih terhadap kulit hitam dan konsep pemikiran kulit hitam terhadap kulit putih.

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"Son preference's impact on Indian fertility is examined within 14major stares, utilizing the NFHS surveys of 1992-93 and l998-99 but withemphasis on the NFHS-2 survey. The l4 states are grouped into two on thebasis of the strength of son preference. The analysis indicates that the birthhazards for the gentler composition of surviving children are highest atparity 3 for the majority of the M states. 'The intensification eject, orincreasing impact of son preference at lower parities, is manifested instrong son preference stores experiencing large fertility declines such asPunjab and Haryana. Son preference continues to affect fertility at lowerpriorities and it is possible that a floor well above replacement level isforming. especially in the populous northern/central stores. However, withthe increasing incidence of sex-selective abortions it is possible that lowerfertility with dramatically skewed sex ratios at birth will result"

"ABSTRAKThe Butler 2013 adalah sebuah film drama sejarah yang menceritakan tentang kehidupan Cecil, seorang pelayan yang bekerja di White House. Film ini menceritakan hubungan benci dan cinta antara Cecil dan Louis tentang Gerakan Hak-Hak Sipil yang ada di masyarakat mereka. Film ini bisa digunakan untuk sumber analisis untuk memahami Arti Tempat dan Sosial Kapital. Sudah banyak ahli yang mendiskusikan film ini dari perspektif rasisme dan stereotip terhadap orang Afrika-Amerika dalam film ini, namun belum ada penelitian yang menganalisa isu dari hubungan ayah dan anak antara Cecil dan Louis. Dengan menggunakan teori Identitas dari Hall, dan Sosial Kapital milik Bourdieu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pengaruh dari rasisme dan ketidaksetaraan terhadap hubungan ayah dan anak dari Cecil dan Louis mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial mereka.

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ABSTRACTThe Butler is a historical drama movie which tells about the life of a long-term White House butler,Cecil. This movie explores the love and hate relationship between Cecil and Louis regarding theCivil Rights Movement in their society. This 2013 movie can be used to analyze and understanddifferent meanings of place and social capital. While there are scholars who have discussed thefilm from the perspective of racism and stereotypes towards African-Americans in the film, thereis no research that analyzes the issue of father-son relationship in relation to place, racism andinequalities. This article aims to analyze how the issues of racism and inequalities affects Ceciland Louis rsquo; father and son relationship and their social life. With Hall rsquo;s rsquo; ldquo;identity rdquo; concept andBourdieu rsquo;s ldquo;social capital rdquo;, this article concludes that different subject positions in supportingthe Civil Rights Movement may result in a father and son personal relationship. These differencesare caused by different ways in interpreting the South and the North, different social relations,and different ways in solving the racial inequalities."

"Satu hal yang menarik dari drama All My Sons dan Death of a Salesman karya Arthur Miller adalah bahwa kedua drama itu saling melengkapi dalam menyampaikan sebuah kritik so_sial. Kritik sosial terhadap masyarakat Amerika pada masa setelah Perang Dunia kedua tersebut, menyoroti kehidupan dunia usaha. Kritik berupa kesalahan persepsi dari tokoh utama yang menjadikan kesuksesan materi sebagai tolok ukur bagi kesuksesan seseorang. Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa berbagai peristiwa sosial yang terjadi dalam drama tersebut mencerminkan sebagian dari keadaan sosial masyarakat Amerika yang sesungguhnya. Keadaan masyarakat sesudah Perang Dunia kedua yang ditandai dengan dominasi bidang industri dan perdagangan dalam perekonomian negara, membentuk masyarakat yang materialistis dan korisumtif. Mereka memiliki persepsi bahwa kebahagiaan dan kesuksesan dapat diraih dengan kekayaan materi. Kritik Miller disampaikannya dengan menceritakan bahwa semua persepsi yang dimiliki tokah utama dalam drama tersebut pada akhirnya terbukti salah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis yang berdasar pada teori sosiologis karya sastra yang mempermasalahkan karya sastra itu sendiri, seperti klasifikasi yang dibuat oleh We11ek dan Warren, saya berusaha menelaah apa yang tersirat dalam karya sastra tersebut dan apa yang menjadi tujuannya. Dari hasil telaah tersebut, saya sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa peristiwa sosial yang tersirat dalam kedua drama tersebut merupakan cerminan dari sebagian kehidupan masyarakat Amerika."

"The study examines the impact of son preference on the pace offertility among women of different educational levels in the 14 indian statesof Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Purjab,Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa,Tamil Nadu and West Bengal with reference to the _findings of the NFHS 2survey H998-99). In the northern western states there appears to be anincreased preference for at least one son in i992-99 as compared to thesouthern/eastern states. in contrast to their counterparts in the southernstares, educated women in the northern/western states demonstrate agreater inclination toward continuing childbearing for a son on the basis ofhaving ann: daughters. San preference continues to affect fertility at lowerparities and could slow down _fertility decline especially in the populousnorthern/western safes."