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"Lavishly illustrated and meticulously, this catalogue celebrates the work of the architect Eric Lyons, whose widely applauded post-war housing-that today would be marketed as"lifestyle housing"- is well-loved now as it was vibrantly successful when first constructed. Built almost entirely for span development,its mission was to provide an affordable environment 'that gave people a lift.""

"Structural integrity of the pipeline system on the installation of nuclear power plant is a construction system of large and complex. This piping system must be able to wtihstand all loads that work well statistic and dynamic loads. The ability of piping system to withstand the loading of work so as not to cause the failure known as a piping system flexibility, the location and span of supports must be determined first before analysing. By optimizing the span of supports will save construction coats. The equation for calculating the maximum span based on the ASMER B 31.1 will be described in this paper."

"As a master teacher, John Santrock connects current research with real-world application, helping students see how developmental psychology plays a role in their own lives and future careers. Through an integrated learning goals system, this comprehensive and chronological approach to lifespan development helps students gain the insight they need to study smarter, stay focused, and improve performance."

"Xanton merupakan antioksidan kuat yang memiliki sifat hidrofilik dan koefisien partisi yang kecil sehingga memiliki penetrasi ke dalam kulit yang buruk. Transfersom merupakan sistem pengahantar obat berbentuk vesikel yang dapat meningkatkan penetrasi Xanton karena memiliki kemampuan untuk berdeformasi. Transfersom tersusun dari fosfatidilkolin dan surfaktan. Formulasi transfersom Xanton dibuat dengan menggunakan surfaktan non-ionik lipofilik yang berbeda yaitu Span 20, Span 60 dan Span 80. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh formulasi gel transfersom Xanton dan membandingkan daya penetrasinya dengan gel kontrol. Metode lapis tipis digunakan untuk pembuatan transfersom xanton. Lapis tipis yang terbentuk dihidrasi dengan air : etanol (3:2). Transfersom Xanton menggunakan span 20 memiliki karakteristik transfersom yang lebih baik daripada span 60 dan 80. Pembuatan gel transfersom dipilih menggunakan span 20 dan diuji penetrasinya secara in-vitro dengan sel difusi franz menggunakan abdomen tikus. Jumlah kumulatif penetrasi dari gel transfersom xanton yang menggunakan span 20 adalah 2084,56 ± 16,32 μg/cm2 atau 63,37 ± 0,50 % dengan fluks 260,57 ± 2,04 μg cm-2 jam-1; sedangkan jumlah kumulatif penetrasi dari sediaan gel kontrol adalah 912,93 ± 8,92 μg/cm2 atau 32,31 ± 0,32 % dengan fluks 114,12 ± 0,91 μg cm-2 jam-1. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa transfersom dapat meningkatkan daya penetrasi Xanton.

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Xanthone is a strong antioxidant which has hydrophilic compound and a small partition coefficient that has a bad penetration into the skin. Transfersom is a drug delivery system shaped vesicles that can increase the penetration of Xanthone because it has deformable ability. Transfersom is composed by Phosphatidylcoline and Surfactant. Transfersom formulations made by using nonionic Surfactants, they are Span 20, Span 60 and Span 80 in order to shape liphopilic vesicles that can increase the penetration of hydrophilic Xanthone. The purpose of this study is to obtain formulation of Xanthone transfersome and compare the formulation Xanthone transfersom gel penetration to control gel.

Thin layer hydration method used to make transfersom Xanthone. Then thin layer is hidrated by water: ethanol (3:2). Transfersom Xanthone which uses Span 20 has better characteritics than Span 60 and Span 80. Gel is made by using span 20. Abdomen of rat is used to penetration test by franz difussion cel. The cumulative penetration of the Xanthone transfersom gel that uses Span 20 is 2084,56 ± 16,32 μg/cm2 or 63,37 ± 0,50 % and a flux 260,57 ± 2,04 μg cm-2 jam-1; while the cumulative penetration of control gel is 912,93 ± 8,92 μg/cm2 or 32,31 ± 0,32 % and a flux 114,12 ± 0,91 μg cm-2 jam-1. Based on these results it can be concluded that transfersom can increase penetration Xanthone."

"Warna gelap pada bibir disebabkan oleh adanya paparan oksidan yang dapat diatasi dengan senyawa antioksidan. Xanton merupakan senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Namun, xanton bersifat semi-hidrofilik dengan log P 3,39, yang membuat xanton sulit untuk bercampur dengan basis lipstik yang bersifat lipofilik. Oleh karena itu, xanton dibuat dalam bentuk transfersom agar dapat bercampur dengan basis lipstik serta dapat mencapai lapisan dermis bibir sehingga mampu mengatasi masalah kerusakan bibir akibat bahan-bahan pengoksida. Transfersom xanton dibuat menggunakan fosfatidilkolin dengan tiga surfaktan non-ionik, yaitu Span 20, Span 60, dan Span 80 dengan metode hidrasi lapis tipis. Transfersom xanton menggunakan span 20 menghasilkan indeks deformabilitas 47,04 dengan efisiensi penjerapan xanton sebesar 89,90 %. Pada penggunaan span 60, dihasilkan indeks deformabilitas 23,19 dengan efisiensi penjerapan 63.84 % dan pada span 80 dihasilkan indeks deformabilitas 25,98 dan efisiensi penjerapan 74.80 %. Transfersom xanton dengan span 20 yang menghasilkan jerapan terbesar serta karakterisasi yang terbaik, diformulasikan ke dalam lipstik dan dibandingkan dengan lipstik yang mengandung xanton serbuk. Lipstik transfersom yang dihasilkan memiliki kekerasan senilai 65 (1/10 nm) dengan suhu lebur 53,8 °C, bersifat tidak iritatif, dan memberikan polesan yang homogen dengan warna merah muda.

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The dark color in lips is caused by exposure to oxidants that can be overcome by antioxidant compounds. Xanthone has strong antioxidant activity. However, xanthone as semi-hydrophilic compound with log P value is 3,39, is difficult to mix with lipstick bases which are lipophilic. Therefore, xanthone made in the form of transfersome to be mixed with lipstick bases and also reach the lips dermis layer so that it can overcome the problem of lips damage as a result of oxidizing materials. Transfersomal xanthone made using phosphatidylcholine with three non-ionic surfactants, Span 20, Span 60, and Span 80 with a thin layer hidration method. Transfersomal xanthone using span 20 produces deformability index 47,04 and entrapment efficiency 89,90 %. On the use of span 60, resulting deformability index 23,19 and entrapment efficiency 63.84 % while on the use of span 80 shown deformability index 25,98 and entrapment efficiency 74.80 %. Transfersomal xanthone using span 20 which generate the highest entrapment efficiency and the best characterization, is formulated into a lipstick and compared with lipstick that contains xanthone powder. The transfersomal lipstick has rigidness 65 (1/10 nm) with melting point temperature 53,8 °C, non-irritative, and provide a pink homogeneous polish texture."

"Latar belakang berawal dari jumlah anak HIV/AIDS di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan diiringi dengan kualitas hidup yang rendah. Anak HIV/AIDS perlu mempunyai kualitas hidup yang baik agar mereka dapat mengelola kondisi kesehatan sehingga mendapatkan kesejahteraan dalam hidupnya. Untuk menilai kualitas hidup maka digunakan WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life-100) karena dapat menilai persepsi anak terhadap kehidupannya dalam konteks budaya dan sistem nilai. Anak HIV/AIDS yang mempunyai kualitas hidup buruk dapat berubah menjadi baik karena berdasarkan perspektif life span, anak HIV/AIDS mengalami perkembangan semasa hidupnya. Perspektif life span membantu dalam memahami perkembangan yang terjadi sepanjang kehidupan anak HIV/AIDS serta membantu mereka menuju kehidupan yang lebih bermakna sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangannya. Berangkat dari hal itu, tujuan penelitian untuk menggambarkan kualitas hidup anak dengan HIV/AIDS berdasarkan WHOQOl-100 dan menggambarkan kualitas hidup anak dengan HIV/AIDS dalam memenuhi tahap perkembangannya berdasarkan WHOQOL-100. Metode yang digunakan literature review dengan case study yang menganalisis delapan kasus yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan tahap perkembangan anak dan remaja, yaitu early childhood hingga adolescence, middle and late childhood hingga adolescence, dan adolescence. Hasil analisis gambaran kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS berdasarkan WHOQOL-100 adalah anak HIV/AIDS yang tua mengalami peningkatan rasa sakit, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki nutrisi yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki kualitas tidur yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki kinerja yang buruk dalam bidang kognitif, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki harga diri yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki citra diri yang cukup baik, anak HIV/AIDS perlu pengobatan ART sedini mungkin, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki fungsi sekolah yang rendah, caregiver memiliki beban mengasuh anaknya, anak HIV/AIDS perlu strategi mengatasi masalah yang tepat, stigma anak HIV/AIDS memberikan dampak buruk, anak HIV/AIDS perlu menggunakan keuangan yang diawasi dengan baik, anak HIV/AIDS perlu layanan kesehatan yang memadai, anak perlu informasi mengenai HIV/AIDS, dan anak HIV/AIDS menggunakan dukungan spiritual. Gambaran kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS dalam memenuhi tahap perkembangannya juga beragam. Hal-hal yang membuat anak HIV/AIDS tidak memenuhi tahap perkembangannya adalah gaya asuh caregiver yang overprotective atau tidak peduli, pengawasan keuangan yang tidak memadai, dukungan spiritual yang tidak sesuai, anak terhambat berhubungan sosial dan mendapatkan stigma sosial, anak HIV/AIDS merasakan rasa sakit dan nutrisi yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS harus meninggalkan sekolahnya karena pergi ke rumah sakit, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki kualitas tidur yang rendah, dan anak HIV/AIDS memiliki harga diri rendah. Sedangkan hal-hal yang membuat anak HIV/AIDS dapat memenuhi tahap perkembangannya adalah anak HIV/AIDS tahu informasi tentang HIV/AIDS, ada upaya pemerintah dalam membuat layanan kesehatan yang memadai, ada dukungan sosial dari caregiver kepada anak HIV/AIDS, dan anak HIV/AIDS menjalani perawatan rutin di rumah sakit. Kesimpulannya adalah domain hubungan sosial merupakan domain yang paling dominan karena dukungan dari caregiver membuat perubahan atas kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS di domain kualitas hidup lainnya dan peran pemerintah dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan dan penyuluhan informasi HIV/AIDS juga aspek yang paling dominan dalam kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS. Untuk memenuhi tahap perkembangan anak HIV/AIDS, perlu adanya pengasuhan dari caregiver sehingga anak memiliki otonomi sendiri dan anak membutuhkan layanan kesehatan yang membuat kesehatannya tidak memburuk.

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It begins with the increasing number of children living with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia accompanied by low quality of life. It’s crucial for children with HIV/AIDS to have a good quality of life so they can manage their health conditions and achieve their well-being. To assess their quality of life, the WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life-100) is used because it evaluates children's perceptions of their lives within cultural contexts and value systems. Children with poor quality of life can improve over time. From a life span perspective, they undergo developmental changes throughout their lives. This life span perspective helps understand their developmental trajectory and guides them toward a more meaningful life according to their developmental stages. Based on this, the research aims to describe the quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS using the WHOQOL-100 and to depict how they meet their developmental stages according to WHOQOL-100. The methodology includes a literature review and a case study analyzing eight cases categorized by early childhood to adolescence, middle and late childhood to adolescence, and adolescence. The analysis reveals various aspects of the quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS based on the WHOQOL-100, older children with HIV/AIDS experience increased pain, they often have poor nutrition and low sleep quality, perform poorly in cognitive areas, struggle with low self-esteem yet have a somewhat positive self-image. They require early ART treatment, face challenges in school functioning, and impose caregiving burdens on their caregivers. Regarding meeting developmental stages, factors hindering children with HIV/AIDS include overprotective or neglectful caregiving styles, inadequate financial oversight, mismatched spiritual support, social barriers, pain, low nutrition, disrupted schooling due to hospitalization, poor sleep, and low self-esteem. Conversely, factors facilitating their developmental stages include HIV/AIDS knowledge, government efforts in providing adequate healthcare, social support from caregivers, and regular hospital care. In conclusion, the social domain emerges as the most dominant in children's quality of life according to the WHOQOL-100, primarily due to caregiver support impacting changes in other life domains. Additionally, governmental roles in healthcare provision and HIV/AIDS education are crucial. To meet developmental stages, children with HIV/AIDS require nurturing from caregivers to foster their autonomy and access to healthcare to maintain their health stability."

"Latar belakang: Pasien kanker rentan mengalami limitasi fisik. Hal tersebut menyebabkan pengukuran tinggi badan menjadi tidak valid dalam menentukan status gizi. Disisi lain, penilaian status gizi menjadi penting karena pasien kanker sering mengalami malnutrisi. Sehingga, diperlukan pengukuran alternatif tinggi badan menggunakan panjang tubuh lainnya. Setengah rentang lengan (demi-span) menjadi pilihan sebab penggunaannya yang praktis dan tidak dipengaruhi usia sehingga lebih stabil. Tujuan studi ini untuk menganalisis korelasi antara demi span dengan tinggi badan. Metode: Metode penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi potong lintang. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan dilakukan pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling pada pasien yang terinklusi. Subjek yang diikutsertakan sebanyak 68 pasien. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata usia pasien kanker di poliklinik radioterapi RSCM adalah 48.5 tahun dengan mayoritas status gizi merupakan gizi cukup. Rerata demi-span pasien 80.54-5.55 cm dan rerata tinggi badan pasien 157.073-9.65 cm. Terdapat korelasi sangat kuat (r=0.905) antara tinggi badan dengan setengah rentang lengan.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara panjang setengah rentang lengan (demi-span) terhadap tinggi badan pasien dengan korelasi sangat kuat, sehingga panjang setengah rentang lengan dapat digunakan untuk estimasi tinggi badan pada pasien dengan keterbatasan mobilitas. Perhitungan estimasi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linier.  

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Introduction: Cancer patients may experience physical limitations. This causes invalid height measurement so that nutritional status can not be determined. However, nutritional status is important because cancer patients often have malnutrition. Therefore, alternative height measurement with other body parts used to estimate height. The demi-span measurement was chosen over other measures because it can be easily done and does not affected with age. The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation between demi-span and actual height.

Method: This research method is a descriptive analysis with cross-sectional design approach. Secondary data used in this research. There are 68 patients included with simple random sampling method. 

Result: Result of this study showed the average age of cancer patients in department radiotherapy was 48.5 years (pre-elderly) and 35.3% cancer patients presented adequate nutritional status. Patient’s average demi-span was 80.54-5.55 cm and the average height was 157.073-9.65 cm. There are positively and significantly correlated correlation between demi-span to actual stature with strong coefficient correlation (r = 0.905). 

Conclusion: The demi-span length can be used to estimate stature in patient with disability limitation. The equation calculation can be done by using linear regression. "

"Tinggi badan adalah salah satu indikator klinik utama dalam menentukan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dalam menentukan status gizi individu/populasi. Namun, pengukuran tinggi badan manusia usia lanjut (manula) cukup sulit dilakukan dan reliabilitasnya diragukan. Persamaan estimasi tinggi badan dari pengukuran tinggi lutut untuk memprediksi tinggi badan manula yaitu persamaan Chumlea telah dikembangkan beberapa tahun lalu, tetapi belum ada studi yang dilakukan di Indonesia untuk mengembangkan suatu persamaan bagi pengukuran tinggi badan populasi usia lanjut menurut bermacam-macam kelompok etnis. Oleh karena itu, suatu cross sectional studi untuk mengembangkan persamaan tinggi badan manula berdasarkan pengukuran dua parameter yaitu tinggi lutut dan panjang depa (knee height dan arm span) telah dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2005 lalu. Total 217 manula (usia 60 - 92 tahun) dari 3 kelompok etnik yaitu: Jawa (56,7%), Cina (31,3%), dan lain-lain (12,0%) berpartisipasi dalam studi ini. Pengukuran antropometri termasuk berat badan, tinggi badan, panjang depa, dan tinggi lutut dilakukan oleh ahli gizi terlatih. Kesalahan inter dan intra observer dilakukan untuk pengukuran antropometri tinggi lutut dan panjang depa manula. Temuan utama studi adalah rata-rata usia manula asal Cina adalah tertinggi di antara suku lainnya; kebanyakan manula mengalami gizi kurang (43%); distribusi rata-rata tinggi lutut dan panjang depa hampir sama di tiap kelompok etnis; ada perbedaan signifikan antara tinggi lutut dengan tinggi badan sebenarnya pada wanita lanjut usia (lansia), dan korelasi tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh parameter tinggi lutut pada wanita lansia dan panjang depa pada pria lansia. Persamaan Chumlea menunjukkan kecenderungan under-estimate pada pria lansia dan over-estimate pada tinggi badan wanita lansia. Kesimpulannya, tinggi badan tegak/sebenarnya merupakan teknik ideal untuk estimasi tinggi badan lansia. Tetapi, pada kasus di mana pengukuran itu sendiri tidak memungkinkan atau tidak reliable, maka tinggi badan dapat diestimasi dari indikator proksi tinggi badan. Pada studi ini, panjang depa menggambarkan korelasi tertinggi dengan tinggi badan sebenarnya pada pria lansia , dan tinggi lutut pada wanita lansia.

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The Equation of Prediction Stature Based on Age and Ethnic in Six Institutionalized Elderly at DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, Year 2005. Height is an important clinical indicator to derive body mass index (BMI) predicting the nutritional status. However, height measurement in the elderly may impose some difficulties and the reliability is doubtful. Equations estimating height from knee height parameter to predict stature in elderly i.e. Chumlea have been developed, but no one study has developed an equation for Indonesian population according to variety of ethnics. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to develop equations using two types of anthropometric measurements (knee height and arm span) for estimating stature in Indonesian elderly. A total of 217 elderly (aged 60 to 92 years old) from three major ethnic groups Javanese (56.7%), Chinese (31.3%), and others (12.0%) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurement included body weight, height, arm span, and knee height were carried out by trained nutritionist. Inter and intra observer errors was calculated for each anthropometric measurement of arm span and knee height of elderly. Main findings of this study were the mean of age of Chinese was the highest among other ethnics; the most elderly suffered from underweight (43%); the distribution of mean knee height and arm span was almost similar in each ethnic group; there was a significant difference between knee height with stature in elderly women, and the highest correlation indicated by knee height in elderly women and arm span in elderly men. Chumlea equation showed tend to be under-estimate in stature of elderly men and over-estimate in stature of elderly women. In conclusion, standing height is an ideal technique for estimating the stature of elderly. However, in cases where its measurement is not possible or reliable, height can be estimated from proxy indicators of stature. In this study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height in elderly men, and knee height in elderly women.;The Equation of Prediction Stature Based on Age and Ethnic in Six Institutionalized Elderly at DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, Year 2005. Height is an important clinical indicator to derive body mass index (BMI) predicting the nutritional status. However, height measurement in the elderly may impose some difficulties and the reliability is doubtful. Equations estimating height from knee height parameter to predict stature in elderly i.e. Chumlea have been developed, but no one study has developed an equation for Indonesian population according to variety of ethnics. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to develop equations using two types of anthropometric measurements (knee height and arm span) for estimating stature in Indonesian elderly. A total of 217 elderly (aged 60 to 92 years old) from three major ethnic groups Javanese (56.7%), Chinese (31.3%), and others (12.0%) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurement included body weight, height, arm span, and knee height were carried out by trained nutritionist. Inter and intra observer errors was calculated for each anthropometric measurement of arm span and knee height of elderly. Main findings of this study were the mean of age of Chinese was the highest among other ethnics; the most elderly suffered from underweight (43%); the distribution of mean knee height and arm span was almost similar in each ethnic group; there was a significant difference between knee height with stature in elderly women, and the highest correlation indicated by knee height in elderly women and arm span in elderly men. Chumlea equation showed tend to be under-estimate in stature of elderly men and over-estimate in stature of elderly women. In conclusion, standing height is an ideal technique for estimating the stature of elderly. However, in cases where its measurement is not possible or reliable, height can be estimated from proxy indicators of stature. In this study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height in elderly men, and knee height in elderly women.;The Equation of Prediction Stature Based on Age and Ethnic in Six Institutionalized Elderly at DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, Year 2005. Height is an important clinical indicator to derive body mass index (BMI) predicting the nutritional status. However, height measurement in the elderly may impose some difficulties and the reliability is doubtful. Equations estimating height from knee height parameter to predict stature in elderly i.e. Chumlea have been developed, but no one study has developed an equation for Indonesian population according to variety of ethnics. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to develop equations using two types of anthropometric measurements (knee height and arm span) for estimating stature in Indonesian elderly. A total of 217 elderly (aged 60 to 92 years old) from three major ethnic groups Javanese (56.7%), Chinese (31.3%), and others (12.0%) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurement included body weight, height, arm span, and knee height were carried out by trained nutritionist. Inter and intra observer errors was calculated for each anthropometric measurement of arm span and knee height of elderly. Main findings of this study were the mean of age of Chinese was the highest among other ethnics; the most elderly suffered from underweight (43%); the distribution of mean knee height and arm span was almost similar in each ethnic group; there was a significant difference between knee height with stature in elderly women, and the highest correlation indicated by knee height in elderly women and arm span in elderly men. Chumlea equation showed tend to be under-estimate in stature of elderly men and over-estimate in stature of elderly women. In conclusion, standing height is an ideal technique for estimating the stature of elderly. However, in cases where its measurement is not possible or reliable, height can be estimated from proxy indicators of stature. In this study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height in elderly men, and knee height in elderly women."