Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Very few people are aware of the significant negative impact that cluttering- a communication disorder which affects a person's ability to speak in a clear, concise and fluent manner- can have on one's life educationally, socially and vocationally. Although different from stuttering, it is often related to this more well-known disorder. This book treats cluttering as a serious communication disorder in its own right, providing an in-depth examination of the critical factors surrounding its assessment, treatment and research. Using evidence-based data as well as information regarding the assessment and treatment of cluttering within the field of speech-language pathology, the volume includes the latest research findings and work from leading worldwide cluttering experts. Current viewpoints regarding cluttering, along with substantiated evidence are provided. Research findings are presented regarding the nature and neurology of cluttering. A range of successful assessment and treatment methodologies are described in the context of disorders which may co-occur with cluttering, such as autism spectrum disorders, learning disabilities, Down Syndrome and stuttering. Future directions with regards to the definition, teaching and researching of cluttering are also addressed. Students, faculty members, researchers and clinicians in the field of speech pathology will find this book an essential and unique source of information on cluttering.

Abstrak :
本論文は，ミャンマー語話者が日常生活において何か話を切り出そうとする場合，あるいはコミュニケーションを円滑に進めていこうする場合に用いる言語表現について，社会言語学的な観点から記述したものである。人間同士がコミュニケーションを取る際，社会的文脈に応じた多種多様な表現を使って会話を進めるものである。本論文では，こうした表現の中でも，ミャンマーならではのあいさつ言葉やその他の類似したはたらきを持つ表現に焦点を当てて記述する。

Abstrak :
In the current study, two experiments are reported that investigated the effects of simple white noise and mixture of white noise and other sounds on perception of speech. In both experiments, university students were recruited to listen to short sentences under various sound masking conditions. Experiment 1, where standard sets of speakers were used for both speech and masking stimuli, has shown that, compared to baseline where there was no masking sound, the participants had significantly greater difficulties in understanding the sentences where the average level of understanding was 28% for the white noise condition and 20% for the mixed noise condition in which white noise was mixed with pink noise and sounds of running water. In Experiment 2, a test model of the specially designed sound masking speaker was used to present the masking noise. Further, sounds of tweeting birds and healing music were added to the mixed noise from Experiment 1 to create the three masking noise conditions. The average level of understanding for the mixed noise condition was 14%, while that for the bird and music conditions were 24% and 30% respectively. The higher understanding rates for the latter conditions were due to lower volume of the mixed white noise in order to keep the overall volume including the birds and music at 55dB. There were also significant effects of sentence type and reading voice gender, suggesting that auditory legibility does not solely depend on the speech-to-noise sound level ratio, but also on other variables, such as, predictability of the sentences, and clarity of the speech. Feedback at the end of the sessions revealed that the participants found mixed noise less irritating than pure white noise, and they preferred mixed noise with bird tweeting or music even better. Thus, it was concluded that mixed noise with occasional sounds of tweeting birds, was the most suitable masking sound for commercial use, being efficient and not unpleasant.