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"[ABSTRAKLimbah lumpur yang dihasilkan dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Domestik dapat dimanfaatkan melalui pengomposan karena mengandung kandungan organik yang tinggi. Namun, kandungan logam berat pada limbah lumpur dapat menjadi penyebab utama timbulnya dampak negatif pada lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan parameter fisik-kimia, konsentrasi dan spesiasi kimia logam Cu dan Pb pada dua campuran kompos sebagai penilaian kelayakan kedua kompos untuk digunakan sebagai pupu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter suhu, pH, dan rasio C/N pada kedua kompos telah memenuhi kualitas kompos sesuai SNI 19-7030-2004. Konsentrasi logam Cu pada kompos 1 dan kompos 2 berturut-turut adalah 150 mg/kg dan 237 mg/kg, sedangkan konsentrasi logam Pb sebesar 224 mg/kg dan 183 mg/kg. Besar konsentrasi kedua logam pada kedua kompos menghasilkan faktor resiko ekologi yang masuk ke dalam kategori resiko rendah (Er < 40). Selain itu, proses pengomposan pada penelitian ini telah mengurangi efek toksisitas kedua logam. Pada akhir pengomposan, fraksi logam Cu pada kedua kompos dominan pada fraksi organic bound yaitu sebesar 63,50% untuk kompos 1 dan 56,20% untuk kompos 2. Sedangkan logam Pb dominan pada fraksi residual yaitu sebesar 62,10% pada kompos 1 dan 71,50% pada kompos 2. Kedua fraksi ini merupakan fraksi stabil sehingga keberadaan logam Cu dan Pb tidak memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan jika kedua kompos diaplikasikan ke tanah.

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ABSTRACTSewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil.;Sewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil., Sewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil.]"

"Spesiasi logam berat Pb dan Cr dengan metode ekstraksi bertahap dan migrasinya dari sedimen perairan teluk Jakarta menggunakan metode Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT), telah dilakukan di laboratorium Departemen Kimia UI, dengan sampel sedimen dari Cengkareng Drain, Kapuk, Jakarta Utara. Hasil penelitian logam berat dengan Ekstraksi bertahap diperoleh, logam Pb antara 43,473 ppm hingga 58,123 ppm, logam Cr 20,763 ppm hingga 30.219 ppm. Distribusi logam berat Pb dalam sedimen berupa senyawa karbonat ± 6 % , 5,5% oksida Mn, 21,779% oksida Fe, 29,624% dalam senyawa organik dan fraksi sisa 36,879%. Distribusi logam Cr 4,183% berupa senyawa karbonat, 4,325% terikat dalam oksida Mn , 23,713% terikat dalam oksida Fe, 30,827% terikat dalam senyawa organik dan 36,325% dalam fraksi residu. Hasil penelitian migrasi logam berat Pb dari sedimen ke badan air pada kondisi oxic penggelaran 1 hari berkisar 0,0108 ppm sampai 0,1314 ppm, pada penggelaran 4 hari diperoleh 0,042 ppm hingga 0,081 ppm. Untuk kondisi anoxic penggelaran 1 hari diperoleh 2,444 ppm , 3 hari 0,320 ppm dan 5 hari 3,432 ppm. Migrasi logam berat Cr pada kondisi oxic penggelaran 1 hari diperoleh berkisar 0,1413 ppm hingga 0,3431 ppm, 4 hari berkisar 0,0012 ppm hingga 0,0084 ppm. Untuk kondisi anoxic penggelaran 1 hari 1,5792 ppm , 3 hari 0,0545 ppm dan 5 hari 2,9629 ppm. Pengukuran dengan DGT strip gel pada kondisi anoxic, diperoleh distribusi logam berat Pb berada pada kedalaman 1-5 cm dengan kadar 0,1279 ppm hingga 3,1977 ppm dan logam berat Cr berdistribusi pada kadar 2,6649 ppm hingga 7,2668 ppm.Dari hasil ini diperoleh gambaran bahwa ketersediaan konsentrasi logam berat dalam sedimen cukup memungkinkan adanya migrasi logam ke badan air. ......Heavy metal speciation of Pb and Cr by sequential extraction and migration from sediments into the waters of Jakarta Gulf using Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films (DGT) method has been conducted using sediment samples from Cengkareng Drain Kapuk- North Jakarta. The extraction of heavy metals concentration, with sequential extraction for total Pb (sum of each fractions) is between 43.473 to 58.123 ppm, whereas for total Cr (sum of total fraction) is between 20.763 ppm to 30,219 ppm. The distribution of Pb in sediments adsorped in carbonate compounds is about 6%, manganese oxides is about 5,5%, iron oxides is about 21,779%, 29,624% in organic compounds and the residual fraction is about 36,879%. The Distribution of Cr in sedimen absorped in carbonate compounds is about 4,183%, in manganese oxides is about 4,325%, in iron oxides ia about 23,713%, 30,827% bound in organic compounds and the residual fraction is about 36,325%. The results of DGT experiments to study the migration of Pb from sediment into water column in experimental chambers show that for deployment of 1st day in oxic conditions is in the range between 0.0108 ppm to 0.1314 ppm, and 0.042 ppm to 0.081 ppm for the 4th day. Under anoxic condition the results show that the metal concentration on the DGT resin is 2.444 ppm, 0.320 ppm and 3.432 ppm, on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day incubation period respectively. The results for migration of Cr from sediment into water column in experimental chambers show that for deployment time of 1st day incubation oxic conditions is in the range between 0.3431 ppm up to 0.1413 ppm, and 0.0012 ppm to 0.0084 ppm for the 4th day. Under anoxic conditions the result show that the metal concentration on the DGT resin is 1.5792 ppm, 0.0545 ppm and 2.9629 ppm on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day incubation period respectively. The Measurements of metal concentration by DGT gel strip in anoxic conditions, show that the distribution of Pb at a depth of 1-5 cm in the range of 0.1279 ppm to 3.1977 ppm, whereas Cr concentration is between 2.6649 ppm levels up to 7.2668 ppm. This results show the availability of heavy metal concentrations in sediment which allow for migration of metals into water bodies."

"ABSTRACTTingginya input fosfor sebagai senyawa fosfat ke dalam sistem akuatik mengakibatkan eutrofikasi yang berujung pada terjadinya algae blooming. Input fosfat dalam sistem akuatik ini dicurigai dipengaruhi oleh pelepasan fosfat yang terikat pada besi(III)oksohidroksida ketika tereduksi menjadi besi(II) di sedimen. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pengukuran fosfat dan besi(II) secara simultan. Disebabkan oleh interaksi yang dinamis dari spesies fosfat di sistem alam, maka konsentrasi spesies dapat berubah pada saat penyimpanan sampel, sehingga analisis yang akurat sulit dicapai kecuali dilakukan secara in-situ. Teknik diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) merupakan salah satu metode pengukuran in-situ yang dikembangkan untuk pengukuran fosfat dan logam. Teknik DGT diteliti menggunakan binding gel campuran TiO2-Chelex. Metode baru ini memperkenalkan penggunakan TiO2 hasil sintesis melalui metode sol-gel sebagai agen pengikat fosfat dan resin Chelex-100 sebagai agen pengikat logam Fe(II). DGT yang terdiri dari diffusive layer dan binding layer diuji kemampuannya dalam menyerap logam labil besi(II) dan fosfat secara terpisah, kemudian diuji homogenitas untuk pengukuran besi(II) dan fosfat secara simultan. DGT dengan binding gel TiO2-Chelex diuji pada sejumlah variasi waktu pengukuran, konsentrasi larutan, dan pH. Hasil analisis menggunakan AAS untuk logam besi dan Spektofotometer UV-Vis untuk fosfat menunjukkan bahwa waktu optimum untuk pengukuran DGT adalah 24 jam. DGT dengan binding gel TiO2-Chelex optimum mengukur fosfat pada larutan dengan pH 5,2 dan pH 6 dan optimum mengukur besi(II) pada pH netral (pH 7). DGT TiO2-Chelex memiliki kapasitas pengukuran 5,86 mg/L untuk fosfat dan 53,41 mg/L untuk logam besi(II).

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ABSTRACTThe high phosphorus as phosphate input into aquatic systems causes eutrophication which leads to the occurrence of algae blooming. Phosphate input in aquatic systems is influenced by the release of suspected phosphate bound to iron(III) when reduced to iron(II) in the sediment. Therefore measurement of phosphate and iron(II) simultaneously is required in the environment. Due to dynamic interaction of phosphate species in the natural system, the concentration of phosphate species can change during sample storage, so that an accurate analysis difficult to achieve unless done in-situ. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique is one of the in-situ measurement methods developed for the measurement of phosphate and metals. DGT technique has been studied using gel bindings mixture of TiO2-Chelex. This new method introduces the use of synthesized TiO2 via sol-gel method and resin Chelex-100 as phosphate and Fe(II) binding agents, respectively. DGT composed of diffusive layer and the binding layer metal was tested for their ability to absorb labile iron(II) and phosphate separately, and for homogeneity measurements of iron(II) and phosphate simultaneously. DGT with bindings Chelex gel TiO2 was tested at various time of measurement, solution concentration, and pH. The results of the analysis using AAS for iron and UV-Vis spectrophotometer for phosphate showed that the optimum time for DGT measurement is at 24 hours. Optimum measurement of DGT with bindings gel TiO2-Chelex was reached at pH around 5,2 and 6,0, and neutral (pH 7) for phosphate in solution and iron(II), respectively. TiO2-Chelex DGT measurement capacity was 5,86 mg/L and 53,41 mg/L for phosphate and iron (II), respectively."