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"ABSTRAKPresenting seismic data in probability form is common practice in order to assess the uncertainty in hydrocarbon prospecting. It gives interpreters the ability to measure how sure they are about prospect they dealing with by looking at most probable value. In another side pre-stack data is now commonly available; it changes the paradigm about seismic inversion from just post-stack inversion turn into pre-stack inversion. The reason is obvious, by inverting pre-stack data will allow interpreter to obtain not only lithology information but fluid as well.The Bayes’ Rule is extension of conditional probability, it has been utilizes in many disciplines such us remote sensing, broadcasting, marketing and medical science to support in decision making. Bayes’ Rule is used to revise a probability value based on additional information that is later obtained. The same concept can also be applied to help decision making in hydrocarbon prospect evaluation where the output of pre-stack inversion can be transformed to probability volume supervised by well log data.This study uses P-Impedance and VP/VS as inputs because their combination is good indicator of lithology and hydrocarbon. Using Menampilkan data seismic dalam bentuk probabilitas merupakan cara yang umum dilakukan untuk mengikutsertakan informasi ketidak-pastian dari pekerjaan pemetaan prospek hidrokarbon. Hal tersebut memberikan interpreter peluang untuk mengukur seberapa yakin mereka terhadap prospek yang sudah dibuat dengan memanfaatkan informasi nilai “most-probable”. Pada sisi lain, ketersediaan pre-stack data sudah sangat umum dijumpai sehingga hal ini merubah cara pandang terhadap inversi seismic yang semula hanya dilakukan terhadap data post-stack menjadi inversi pre-stack. Hal tersebut memang beralasan karena dengan inversi pre-stack, interpreter tidak hanya dimungkinkan mendapatkan informasi litologi namun juga informasi tentang fluida.Aturan Bayes adalah merupakan bentuk lain dari probabilitas terkondisi, aturan ini telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti penginderaan jauh, peramalan cuaca, pemasaran dan ilmu medis untuk membantu dalam meminimalkan resiko saat pengambilan keputusan. Hal yang sama juga bias kita terapkan pada bidang ilmu bumi dimana keluaran dari proses inversi pre-stack dapat ditransformasi menjadi bentuk volum probabilitas dengan supervisi data sumuran.Penelitian ini menggunakan P-impedance dan VP/VS sebagai input karena kombinasi keduanya merupakan indikator yang baik untuk memisahkan litologi maupun hidrokarbon. Dengan menggunakan supervisi dari data sumuran kedua volume tersebut kemudian di transformasi menjadi bentuk kelas most-probable: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, dan (4) hydrocarbon sand.

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ABSTRACTPresenting seismic data in probability form is common practice in order to assess the uncertainty in hydrocarbon prospecting. It gives interpreters the ability to measure how sure they are about prospect they dealing with by looking at most probable value. In another side pre-stack data is now commonly available; it changes the paradigm about seismic inversion from just post-stack inversion turn into pre-stack inversion. The reason is obvious, by inverting pre-stack data will allow interpreter to obtain not only lithology information but fluid as well.The Bayes’ Rule is extension of conditional probability, it has been utilizes in many disciplines such us remote sensing, broadcasting, marketing and medical science to support in decision making. Bayes’ Rule is used to revise a probability value based on additional information that is later obtained. The same concept can also be applied to help decision making in hydrocarbon prospect evaluation where the output of pre-stack inversion can be transformed to probability volume supervised by well log data.This study uses P-Impedance and VP/VS as inputs because their combination is good indicator of lithology and hydrocarbon. Using training set from well log the volumes then transformed into four most probable classes: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, and (4) hydrocarbon sand."

"[ABSTRAKMenampilkan data seismic dalam bentuk probabilitas merupakan cara yang umum dilakukan untuk mengikutsertakan informasi ketidak-pastian dari pekerjaan pemetaan prospek hidrokarbon. Hal tersebut memberikan interpreter peluang untuk mengukur seberapa yakin mereka terhadap prospek yang sudah dibuat dengan memanfaatkan informasi nilai ?most-probable?. Pada sisi lain, ketersediaan pre-stack data sudah sangat umum dijumpai sehingga hal ini merubah cara pandang terhadap inversi seismic yang semula hanya dilakukan terhadap data post-stack menjadi inversi pre-stack. Hal tersebut memang beralasan karena dengan inversi pre-stack, interpreter tidak hanya dimungkinkan mendapatkan informasi litologi namun juga informasi tentang fluida.Aturan Bayes adalah merupakan bentuk lain dari probabilitas terkondisi, aturan ini telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti penginderaan jauh, peramalan cuaca, pemasaran dan ilmu medis untuk membantu dalam meminimalkan resiko saat pengambilan keputusan. Hal yang sama juga bias kita terapkan pada bidang ilmu bumi dimana keluaran dari proses inversi pre-stack dapat ditransformasi menjadi bentuk volum probabilitas dengan supervisi data sumuran.Penelitian ini menggunakan P-impedance dan VP/VS sebagai input karena kombinasi keduanya merupakan indikator yang baik untuk memisahkan litologi maupun hidrokarbon. Dengan menggunakan supervisi dari data sumuran kedua volume tersebut kemudian di transformasi menjadi bentuk kelas most-probable: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, dan (4) hydrocarbon sand.

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ABSTRACTPresenting seismic data in probability form is common practice in order to assess the uncertainty in hydrocarbon prospecting. It gives interpreters the ability to measure how sure they are about prospect they dealing with by looking at most probable value. In another side pre-stack data is now commonly available; it changes the paradigm about seismic inversion from just post-stack inversion turn into pre-stack inversion. The reason is obvious, by inverting pre-stack data will allow interpreter to obtain not only lithology information but fluid as well.The Bayes? Rule is extension of conditional probability, it has been utilizes in many disciplines such us remote sensing, broadcasting, marketing and medical science to support in decision making. Bayes? Rule is used to revise a probability value based on additional information that is later obtained. The same concept can also be applied to help decision making in hydrocarbon prospect evaluation where the output of pre-stack inversion can be transformed to probability volume supervised by well log data.This study uses P-Impedance and VP/VS as inputs because their combination is good indicator of lithology and hydrocarbon. Using training set from well log the volumes then transformed into four most probable classes: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, and (4) hydrocarbon sand.;Presenting seismic data in probability form is common practice in order to assess the uncertainty in hydrocarbon prospecting. It gives interpreters the ability to measure how sure they are about prospect they dealing with by looking at most probable value. In another side pre-stack data is now commonly available; it changes the paradigm about seismic inversion from just post-stack inversion turn into pre-stack inversion. The reason is obvious, by inverting pre-stack data will allow interpreter to obtain not only lithology information but fluid as well.The Bayes? Rule is extension of conditional probability, it has been utilizes in many disciplines such us remote sensing, broadcasting, marketing and medical science to support in decision making. Bayes? Rule is used to revise a probability value based on additional information that is later obtained. The same concept can also be applied to help decision making in hydrocarbon prospect evaluation where the output of pre-stack inversion can be transformed to probability volume supervised by well log data.This study uses P-Impedance and VP/VS as inputs because their combination is good indicator of lithology and hydrocarbon. Using training set from well log the volumes then transformed into four most probable classes: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, and (4) hydrocarbon sand.;Presenting seismic data in probability form is common practice in order to assess the uncertainty in hydrocarbon prospecting. It gives interpreters the ability to measure how sure they are about prospect they dealing with by looking at most probable value. In another side pre-stack data is now commonly available; it changes the paradigm about seismic inversion from just post-stack inversion turn into pre-stack inversion. The reason is obvious, by inverting pre-stack data will allow interpreter to obtain not only lithology information but fluid as well.The Bayes? Rule is extension of conditional probability, it has been utilizes in many disciplines such us remote sensing, broadcasting, marketing and medical science to support in decision making. Bayes? Rule is used to revise a probability value based on additional information that is later obtained. The same concept can also be applied to help decision making in hydrocarbon prospect evaluation where the output of pre-stack inversion can be transformed to probability volume supervised by well log data.This study uses P-Impedance and VP/VS as inputs because their combination is good indicator of lithology and hydrocarbon. Using training set from well log the volumes then transformed into four most probable classes: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, and (4) hydrocarbon sand.;Presenting seismic data in probability form is common practice in order to assess the uncertainty in hydrocarbon prospecting. It gives interpreters the ability to measure how sure they are about prospect they dealing with by looking at most probable value. In another side pre-stack data is now commonly available; it changes the paradigm about seismic inversion from just post-stack inversion turn into pre-stack inversion. The reason is obvious, by inverting pre-stack data will allow interpreter to obtain not only lithology information but fluid as well.The Bayes? Rule is extension of conditional probability, it has been utilizes in many disciplines such us remote sensing, broadcasting, marketing and medical science to support in decision making. Bayes? Rule is used to revise a probability value based on additional information that is later obtained. The same concept can also be applied to help decision making in hydrocarbon prospect evaluation where the output of pre-stack inversion can be transformed to probability volume supervised by well log data.This study uses P-Impedance and VP/VS as inputs because their combination is good indicator of lithology and hydrocarbon. Using training set from well log the volumes then transformed into four most probable classes: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, and (4) hydrocarbon sand., Presenting seismic data in probability form is common practice in order to assess the uncertainty in hydrocarbon prospecting. It gives interpreters the ability to measure how sure they are about prospect they dealing with by looking at most probable value. In another side pre-stack data is now commonly available; it changes the paradigm about seismic inversion from just post-stack inversion turn into pre-stack inversion. The reason is obvious, by inverting pre-stack data will allow interpreter to obtain not only lithology information but fluid as well.The Bayes’ Rule is extension of conditional probability, it has been utilizes in many disciplines such us remote sensing, broadcasting, marketing and medical science to support in decision making. Bayes’ Rule is used to revise a probability value based on additional information that is later obtained. The same concept can also be applied to help decision making in hydrocarbon prospect evaluation where the output of pre-stack inversion can be transformed to probability volume supervised by well log data.This study uses P-Impedance and VP/VS as inputs because their combination is good indicator of lithology and hydrocarbon. Using training set from well log the volumes then transformed into four most probable classes: (1) shale, (2) wet sand, (3) compacted sand, and (4) hydrocarbon sand.]"

"Alat pendingin adalah salah satu peralatan rumah tangga yang sering kita gunakan, refrigerator sangat bermanfaat karena dapat membuat kondisi makanan yang kita simpan tetap bagus keadaannya, hal itu membuat alat pendingin sebagai salah satu peralatan rumah tangga yang sering kita jumpai. Termoakustik refrigerator adalah system pendinginan yang ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan media kerja udara atau gas mulia sebagai pengganti system Freon atau system pendinginan konvensional yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan. System ini berkerja dengan memanfaatkan gelombang suara yang dihasilkan oleh loudspeaker sebagai salah satu komponen system tersebut. Gelombang suara yang dihasilkan memberikan perpindahan panas dari tendon dingin menuju tendon panas melalui sebuah alat pemindahan panas yang disebut dengan stack dimana diletakan di dalam pipa resonator. Dalam pengujian, kami menguji sebuah alat termoakustik sederhana dengan pipa resonator dengan panjan 80cm terbuat dengan bahan PVC menggunakan pengaruh variasi posisi ,panjang dan model stack serta variasi frekuensi yang digunakan. Perpindahan panas dari tendon dingin ke tendon panas menghasilkan penurunan temperatur sebesar 6°C pada tendon dingin dan kenaikan temperatur pada tendon panas sebesar 3°C setelah dioperasikan selama 30 menit.

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Refrigerator is one of a household appliance that is commonly used. The needs of maintaining food at the good condition make refrigerator become 'must have' equipment in every household. Thermoaccoustic refrigerator is an environmentally friendly cooling system because it uses air or noble gas as a working medium rather that freon or other hazardous gas as in conventional cooling system. This system utilizes sound wave to provide work for transferring heat from the cold to the hot reservoirs through an heat exchanger element called as stack which is placed in a resonator tube. The sound source system consists of a loudspeaker, an audio ampilier, and a signal generator. In this experiment the main parts of the device consist of a cylindrical resonator made of PVC pipe has 80 cm length, a loudspeaker as a sound source, and a stack as a heat transfer element. The device was operated with variation position, length and shape of stack and also variation resonance frequency, using atmospheric air as a working medium. A heat transfer from cold reservoir to hot reservoir has been observed where the cold reservoir temperatur decreased about 6°C and the hot reservoir temperatur increased about 3°C after 30 minutes of the device operation."

"ABSTRAKTarget utama dari pengembangan lapangan minyak di daerah X adalah untuk dapat meningkatkan produksi melalui penempatan lokasi sumur yang memiliki reservoir minyak yang besar. Untuk reservoir karbonat fracture metodologi analisis dilakukan secara terintegrasi dengan menggunakan data sumur dan data 3D seismik. Metoda prestack seismik anisotropi dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi fracture di daerah karbonat fracture. Analisa data sumur dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara intensitas fracture dengan seismik anisotropi AVAZ (amplitude versus azimuth). Proses geofisika dilakukan untuk mendapatkan 3D cube AVAZ adalah meliputi pembuatan azimuthal stack dan perhitungan efek anisotropi.Batuan karbonat bersifat heterogen akan tetapi fracture pada batuan karbonat mempunyai arah tertentu, arah fracture dan intensitas fracture inilah yang akan diteliti dan kemudian dilokalisir untuk mendapatkan lokasi pemboran. Untuk batuan karbonat di sumur X, AVO response untuk penjalaran gelombang P yang sejajar dengan fracture akan berbeda dengan amplitude gelombang jika penjalaran tegak lurus pada arah fracture, perbandingan response amplitude inilah yang menentukan derajat anisotropi. Semakin besar anisotropi maka akan menunjukan semakin banyaknya fracture yang akan didapatkan. Pada penelitian ini akan lebih banyak melakukan integrasi umum data geologi, geofisika dan reservoir bersifat riset aplikasi dengan menggunakan software yang tersedia.

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ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the expanded ground oil in area X is to increase the production through the allocation of the well that contains massive amount of oil reservoir. In order to analyze the carbonate Fracture reservoir, an analysis of methodology is applied collectively by using the well data and 3D seismic data. Pre-Stack Seismic Anisotropy method is used to determine the characterization of fracture in the carbonate fracture areas. The analysis of well data is calculated to get the relations between fracture intensity and seismic anisotropy AVAZ (amplitude vs. azimuth). Geophysics process is done to get 3D cube AVAZ, which involved the construction of azimuthal stack and the calculation effect of anisotropi. Naturally carbonate rock is said to be heterogeneous, however, fracture in carbonate rock has its own direction, fracture direction and fracture intensity will be observed and localized to get the drilling‟s location. For the carbonate rock in well X, AVO response for the spreading of P wave that is parallel with the fracture will be different with the amplitude wave when the spreading is vertical at the directions of fracture, this comparison of amplitude response will observed the scale or level of anisotropy . The greater scale of anisotropy will show more fracture being found. In this research will focus more on doing the general integration data on geology, geophysics and reservoir, having the quality of application research by using available software."

"Pembusaan pada minyak pelumas dasar atau lube base oil (LBO)merupakan hal yang tidak diinginkan, karena dapat mengurangi kemampuanpelumasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waxyang berada dalam LBO terhadap pembusaan. Slack wax dipisahkan dariLBO dengan cara filtrasi menggunakan buchner dan pompa vakum.DIgunakan empat jenis filter cloth yang terbuat dari bahan kain yaitu nordifa,needle felt EIMCO-024, needle felt medison 024 8100, dan AIMCO 24-SI-AB.LBO yang diperoleh ada 4 macam, yaitu HVI 60, 95, 160 dan 650. Pengaruhwax terhadap pembusaan pada LBO diketahui dengan ujl pembusaandengan penambahan slack wax dengan konsentrasi 0,01; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1,0dan 5,0 %. Pengukuran diameter kristal wax dan filter cloth, uji viskositas,tegangan permukaan, GO Simdist dan uji DSC juga dilakukan untukmendukung hasil di atas. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwakestabilan busa meningkat dengan penambahan slack wax ke dalam LBO.Viskositas minyak meningkat dengan penambahan wax sedangkan nilaitegangan permukaan tidak begitu dipengaruhi adanya wax. GO Simdistmenunjukkan daerah distribusi karbon HVI 650 semakin besar denganpenambahan wax . Dari uji DSC diketahui sampel dengan pembusaan tinggimengandung wax lebih banyak."

"Produksi minyak dalam suatu reservoar dapat menyebabkan perubahan sifat reservoar yang berimplikasi pada perubahan respon seismik. Perubahan respon seismik tersebut diakibatkan oleh perubahan tekanan dan saturasi fluida. Perubahan tekanan dan saturasi fluida pada lapangan produksi dapat diamati dengan membandingkan dua data seismik yang direkam pada daerah yang sama namun pada waktu yang berbeda. Metode ini dikenal dengan time-lapse atau seismik 4D dimana dimensi yang keempat adalah waktu. Analisa time-lapse digunakan untuk memetakan perubahan saturasi fluida dan perubahan tekanan sebagai fungsi dari waktu. Telah diketahui bahwa perubahan respon AVO (Amplitude Variation with Offset) pada reservoar dapat membantu membedakan perubahan karakter reservoar khususnya antara perubahan saturasi fluida dan perubahan tekanan. Pada tahun 2000 dilakukan perekaman dan pemrosesan data seismik di lapangan Widuri untuk melihat perubahan respon AVO. Data seismik tahun 1991 direproses secara bersamaan dengan pemrosesan data tahun 2000 untuk menghindari masalah dalam analisa akhir studi time-lapse. Alasan utama dilakukannya survei seismik tahun 2000 adalah untuk mengamati penurunan tekanan di sekitar daerah yang akan dijadikan proyek waterflood. Untuk membantu karakterisasi reservoar berdasarkan data AVO, survei seismik tahun 1991 dan 2000 diproses dalam 3 data seismik parsial angle stack. Ketiga data parsial angle stack ini kemudian diinversi secara simultan untuk memperoleh impedansi-P dan impedansi-S.Interpretasi kualitatif dilakukan terhadap perubahan sifat reservoar akibat produksi berdasarkan hasil inversi angle stack secara simultan. Kemudian hasil dari analisa inversi seismik 4D dibandingkan dengan data produksi dan hasil simulasi reservoar. Analisa terintegrasi yang melibatkan hasil inversi seismik dan hasil simulasi reservoar dapat digunakan untuk optimisasi perencanaan sumur pada proses secondary recovery, seperti pemilihan sumur produksi dan injeksi serta identifikasi sumur pengembangan baru.

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Oil production can cause changes to a reservoir that will affect the seismic response. The seismic response change over time is the result of pressure and fluid effect. The change of pressure and fluid saturation can be identified using seismic time-lapse. Time-lapse, also known as 4D seismic is technique used to map difference in seismic response over time, attributable to production-related process such as changes in fluid saturation and/or reservoir pressure. The general objective of time lapse or 4D seismic is to track production related changes in the reservoir to determine areas of bypassed reserved or inefficiencies in the production process. It has been recognized that changes in the AVO (Amplitude Variation with Offset) response of the reservoir might increase the discrimination of the different types of changes in the reservoir particularly between changes in saturation and changes in pressure. In 2000 a monitor 3D seismic data set of the Widuri field was acquired and processed to take advantage of seismic AVO effects. The base line 1991 seismic data set was reprocessed in parallel to avoid several potential problems in the final time-lapse analysis. The primary reason for the monitor data set was to observe the reservoir pressure depletion state around a water-flooding project. To support AVO based reservoir characterization the base line and monitor seismic data were processed to 3 partial angle stacks. These were subsequently inverted to acoustic and shear impedance using simultaneous inversion algorithm.

A qualitative interpretation is made of reservoir properties changes caused by production based on angle stack simultaneous inversion result. The result from 4D seismic inversion will be compared with the engineering data such as pressure, water saturation and result from reservoir simulation. The application of this method has resulted in the optimization of well planning for the secondary recovery (best location for producer and injector) and identification of several new infill drilling."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai sebuah fenomena dari suatu alat yang bernama thermoacoustic. Fenomena tersebut yaitu adanya aliran udara dalam suatu wadah yang dikompresi melalui suatu getaran yang berasal dari loudspeaker sehingga menyebabkan perbedaan temperatur. Pembahasan difokuskan pada tiga variasi material stack berupa sedotan yang berasal dari material jenis polypropylene, berupa film yang berasal dari material jenis mylar, dan berupa kardus yang berasal dari material jenis wood. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan ketiga stack. Dari grafik hasil tersebut didapat perbedaan temperatur pada stack yang berasal dari sedotan sebesar 4,2°C. Pada stack yang berasal dari material mylar sebesar 5°C dan pada stack yang berasal dari kardus didapat perbedaan temperatur sebesar 3,9°C.

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This thesis is dealing with a phenomenon called thermoacoustic. The phenomenon is about a flow of air in a place that was compressed with a vibration from loudspeaker so that cause different temperature. Discussion focused on the three material variation of stack as a straw from polypropylene, as a fil from mylar material, as a box from wood material. The goal from this thesis is to know camparison of three stack. From graphic result had different temperature of stack from straw is 4,2°C. A stack from mylar material is 5°C and a stack from wood had different temperature about 3,9°C."

"Alat pendingin adalah salah satu peralatan rumah tangga yang sering kita gunakan, refrigerator sangat bermanfaat karena dapat membuat kondisi makanan yang kita simpan tetap bagus keadaannya, hal itu membuat alat pendingin sebagai salah satu peralatan rumah tangga yang sering kita jumpai. Termoakustik refrigerator adalah system pendinginan yang ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan media kerja udara atau gas mulia sebagai pengganti system Freon atau system pendinginan konvensional yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan. System ini berkerja dengan memanfaatkan gelombang suara yang dihasilkan oleh loudspeaker sebagai salah satu komponen system tersebut. Gelombang suara yang dihasilkan memberikan perpindahan panas dari tendon dingin menuju tendon panas melalui sebuah alat pemindahan panas yang disebut dengan stack dimana diletakan di dalam pipa resonator. Dalam pengujian, kami menguji sebuah alat termoakustik sederhana dengan pipa resonator dengan panjan 80cm terbuat dengan bahan PVC menggunakan pengaruh variasi posisi ,panjang dan model stack serta variasi frekuensi yang digunakan. Perpindahan panas dari tendon dingin ke tendon panas menghasilkan penurunan temperatur sebesar 6°C pada tendon dingin dan kenaikan temperatur pada tendon panas sebesar 3°C setelah dioperasikan selama 30 menit.

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Refrigerator is one of a household appliance that is commonly used. The needs of maintaining food at the good condition make refrigerator become 'must have' equipment in every household. Thermoaccoustic refrigerator is an environmentally friendly cooling system because it uses air or noble gas as a working medium rather that freon or other hazardous gas as in conventional cooling system. This system utilizes sound wave to provide work for transferring heat from the cold to the hot reservoirs through an heat exchanger element called as stack which is placed in a resonator tube. The sound source system consists of a loudspeaker, an audio ampilier, and a signal generator. In this experiment the main parts of the device consist of a cylindrical resonator made of PVC pipe has 80 cm length , a loudspeaker as a sound source, and a stack as a heat transfer element. The device was operated with variation position, length and shape of stack and also variation resonance frequency, using atmospheric air as a working medium. A heat transfer from cold reservoir to hot reservoir has been observed where the cold reservoir temperatur decreased about 6°C and the hot reservoir temperatur increased about 3°C after 30 minutes of the device operation. "

"Heat engine thermoacoustic mengkonversi panas menjadi daya akustik tanpa adanya komponen yang bergerak. Alat ini mempunyai beberapa keunggulan daripada mesin-mesin yang sudah ada sebelumnya seperti desain alat yang sederhana, fungsi yang stabil, dan fluida kerja yang ramah lingkungan. Untuk mengembangkan lebih jauh performa dari termoakustik jenis ini, maka diperlukan karakterisasi dari parameter-parameter yang bekerja. Pada pengujian kali ini dilakukan karakterisasi termoakustik berdasarkan posisi stack dan onset temperature dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui posisi stack dan besaran nilai onset temperature yang optimal. Variasi yang dilakukan pada pengujian ini untuk posisi stack yaitu pada posisi 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, dan 100 mm dari ujung tabung tertutup, sedangkan untuk variasi onset temperature yang dilakukan yaitu pada suhu awal termoakustik mulai bekerja atau mengeluarkan bunyi (terendah 410ºC) sampai dengan 500ºC. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan stack yang terbuat dari bahan dasar keramik dan menggunakan pemanas berbentuk nozzle serta panjang resonator 200 mm. Hasil taraf intensitas suara dan daya akustik terbesar yang dapat dihasilkan yaitu pada saat posisi stack 50 mm dari ujung tabung tertutup dan besaran onset temperature 500ºC dengan nilai 118,92 dB dan 9,81x10-4 Watt.

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Heat engine thermoacoustic converts heat into acoustic power with no moving parts. It exhibits several advantages over traditional engines, such as simple design, stable functionality, and environment-friendly working gas. In order to improve the performance of the heat engine termoacoustic, working parameters should be optimized. In this examination, the thermoacoustic is characterized based on stack position and onset temperature in order to acknowledge the optimal value from both parameters. Stack position varieties chosen for this examination are 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 mm from close-end tube, and onset temperature varieties chosen for this examination start from the lowest temperature that the engine regarded to be working (lowest 410ºC) to 500ºC. This examination uses nozzle shaped heater, ceramic stack, and 200 mm glass resonator. The largest value of sound intensity and acoustic power that be produced where the stack is placed 50 mm from close-end tube and the onset temperature regulated for 500ºC comes with value of 118,92 dB and 9,81x10-4 Watts."