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"In Indonesia, the privatization of some state owned firms have met strong external and internal stakeholders'resistance causing delay or even failure in spite-of-th-fact that privatization has swept the world. Starting in the UK in the early 1980s, privatization has spread to other developed and developing countries. This essay attempts to investigate the process if privatization in Indonesia when compared with the expereicne of other countries vis a vis country specific characteristics and strategies related to the privatization transactions as well as the acquiring parties' strategy. With regard to these variables, differences are noted between the practices in the former eastern block countries, developed and developing countries inclusive of in Indonesia."

"There are increasingly interest from many corporation, especially among those having business in relation with natural resources world wide, towards Corporate responsibility (CR) or Corporate social responsibility (CSR). Occasionally, CSR would only be viewed as a mere philanthropic and image building activities. Yet CSR activities should actually be fully integrated with the company's strategy to acquire competitive edge to be the basis for business development and efficiency. In a comprehensive CSR, the company is involving alt levels of the company and its stakeholders in a continuous and step-by step process. To increase support on CSR, it is very important that the government, chamber of commerce, the business sector, the accountants, and other stakeholders work together to create a favorable climate, policies and incentives to the business sectors to implement CSR in their operation."

"Empirically,key stakeholders who significanly influence or have a central position towards its activities relatively dominated inplementations of agricultural developmnet programs....."

"Masalah narkoba tidak bisa diatasi oleh satu atau beberapa organisasi saja, akan tetapi harus bersinergi dengan instansi lainnya. Dalam rangka meningkatkan partisipasi aktif kementerian/lembaga di bidang penanganan narkoba, Badan Narkotika Nasional membuat Penggiat Anti Narkoba sebagai model dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat. Namun upaya sinergi tersebut terlihat masih terkendala seperti hubungan dan koordinasi antar stakeholder yang belum berjalan dengan baik serta masih minimnya partisipasi Penggiat Anti Narkoba dalam melaksanakan fungsi Pencegahan Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan & Peredaran Gelap narkoba (P4GN).Situasi inilah yang mendorong penulis untuk melihat bagaimana sinergi BNN dengan stakeholder khususnya melalui model Penggiat Anti Narkoba sebagai upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pelaksanaan sinergi lembaga Badan Narkotika Nasional dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan mengidentifikasi faktor–faktor penghambat sinergi lembaga Badan Narkotika Nasional dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini memilih metode pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami masalah–masalah manusia atau sosial secara menyeluruh dan kompleks.

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Drug problem could not be addressed by one or more organizations, but should synergize with other agencies.In order to increase the active participation of ministries/institutions in the field of drug handling, National Narcotics Agency made the actuator Anti Drugs as a model in the framework of community empowerment.But the efforts of these synergies look still constrained as the relationship and coordination between stakeholders who have not run well and the lack of participation of the actuator Anti Drugs Prevention function in carrying out Eradication The abuse of Illicit drugs & (P4GN).It is this situation that prompted the authors to see how the synergy of BNN with stakeholders particularly through the actuator model Anti Drugs as community empowerment efforts.The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of the synergies of the National Narcotics Agency Agency in the framework of community empowerment, and identify factors – factors restricting the Agency's National Narcotics Agency synergy in order to empowerment the community.This research was the qualitative approach method. Qualitative research is used to understand the problem-human or social issues thoroughly and complex."

"Artikel ini membahas tentang masalah yang berkaitan dengan peran stakeholder dalam manajemen pelestarian pada Cagar budaya di Provensi Lampung. Masalah tersebut hadir dikarenakana sering terjadinya tumpang tindih kebijakan dalam proses pelaksanaan pengelolaan dan pelestarian Cagar Budaya di Provinsi Lampung. Untuk itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran stakeholder dalam melaksanakan pelestarian pada kedua objek yang memiliki perbedaan status Cagar Budaya dan setelahnya dapat membantu manajemen pengelolaan yang tepat untuk kedua objek di Provinsi Lampung. Metode yang digunakan yaitu teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada para stakeholder. Hasil dari penelitian pada kedua objek Cagar Budaya dan yang diduga Cagar Budaya di Provinsi Lampung yaitu stakeholder sekunder menjadi pengelola dikedua situs. Stakeholder kunci dan stakeholder primer seharusnya turut dalam melakukan pelestarian, namun pada Situs Cagar Budaya hal ini tidak diterapkan. Sedangkan pada objek yang diduga Cagar Budaya, stakeholder kunci dan stakeholder primer telah melakukan perannya.

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This article discusses issues related to the role of stakeholders in conservation management in Cultural Heritage in Lampung Province. This problem is present because of the frequent overlapping of policies in the process of implementing the management and proservation of Cultural Conservation in Lampung Province. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to determine the role of stakeholders in carrying out the preservation of the two objects that have different Cultural Conservation statues and after that can assist the proper management of the two objects in Lampung Province. The method used is qualitative data collection techniques by conducting in-depth interviews with stakeholders. The results of the research on the two objects of Cultural Conservation and the suspected Cultural Conservation in Lampung Province are secondary stakeholders who become managers of both sites. Key stakeholders and primary stakeholders should participate in carrying out conservation, but in Cultural Heritage Sites this is not applied. Meanwhile, in the object that is suspected of being a Cultural Conservation, key stakeholders and primary stakeholders have played their roles.

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"The Japanese firm is often regarded as a community of the employer and the employees, who are its constituents or stakeholders. However, a community is, generally speaking, a social organization that is not so dynamic in its economic performance. Why and how does the Japanese firm have both a community-like nature and a highly competitive nature at the same time? That is the main question I try to answer in this paper. There are opposing views on this point. Some attribute the high efficiency and competitiveness of the Japanese firm to the hard work of employees under the strong control of management, while others emphasize the role of long-term employment and common interests. After examining these alternatives, I propose a different approach. The Japanese firm, I argue, operates like a community, affording its employees job security and welfare, but the market forces it to be more and more efficient and competitive. Under the current market labour market structure, workers who enjoy employment security in their firm cannot but make efforts to sustain their company in market competition. What drives the Japanese firm, then, is not management power nor a coalition of workers and shareholders, but the process of capital accumulation by the company itself, which is necesary for inter-firm competition in the market. So-called Japanese employment practices are now undergoing considerable change, and the future of the firm-community is uncertain."

"Salah satu masalah krusial dalam bidang lingkungan hidup pada sektor kehutanan dunia saat ini adalah masalah Illegal Logging. Indonesia merupakan salah satu pemilik hutan tropis terbesar di dunia. Tetapi keberadaan hutan di Indonesia saat ini sangat kritis, salah satu penyebabnya yaitu meningkatnya kegiatan illegal logging. Hal ini tidak hanya memberikan dampak yang negatif untuk Indonesia, tetapi juga bagi negara-negara yang ada di kawasan. Bagaimanapun juga, kegiatan illegal logging ini, tidak berdiri sendiri tetapi dalam bentuk suatu jaringan kejahatan lintas batas negara. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diatas, Indonesia dan Jepang sepakat untuk membentuk suatu forum yang dinamakan Asia Forest Partnership (AFP), khususnya mengatasi permasalahan kehutanan di kawasan Asia-Pasifik.Forum AFP merupakan inisiatif kemitraan yang terdiri dari klaborasi antar negara, organisasi antar pemerintah, kelompok bisnis, LSM yang bergerak di bidang linkungan. Forum ini menitik beratkan pada masalah illegal logging, kebakaran hutan dan rehabilitasi lahan. Tetapi pada dasarnya, forum ini bertujuan untuk mempromosikan Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) atau Manajemen Hutan Lestari di kawasan Asia. Pertemuan tahunan dilakukan setahun sekali, dan dalam setiap pertemuannya akan menghasilkan workPlan, yang akan dievaluasi pada pertemuan berikunya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan suatu proses, dalam hal ini masalah Illegal logging yang sudah lama ada, khususnya di Indonesia, dikaitkan dengan kemunculan forum AFP. Disamping itu, tujuan penelitiannya juga untuk menggambarkan hubungan AFP dengan Indonesia, dan bagaimana forum AFP ini memberikan dorongan terhadap upaya Indonesia dan dilihat dari pertemuan tahunan yang diadakan serta peran aktif delegasi Indonesia di setiap pertemuannya. Untuk membahas hal ini, maka digunakan perspektif pluralis oleh Paul R. Viotti dan Mark Kauppi, serta lebih menekankan pada pendekatan partnership. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Forum AFP merupakan pondasi dengan proses yang panjang dari kerjasama internasional didalam mempromosikan manajemen hutan lestari di Asia. Negaranegara Asia, salah satunya Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan yang hampir sama didalam mengimplementasikan manajemen hutan lestari. Terlihat bahwa forum AFP memang menjalankan fungsinya sebagai sebuah wadah yang membahas masalahmasalah kehutanan khususnya masalah Illegal Logging, tetapi tidak terlepas dari tujuan utamanya yaitu mempromosikan Sustainable Forest Management (SFM).Dalam kemitraan yang bersifat tidak mengikat dan sukarela, setidaknya membuktikan bahwa jenis atau tipe kerjasama internasional seperti ini sangat diperlukan dan dapat diterapkan serta memberikan implikasi bagi hubungan AFP dengan Indonesia Diharapkan kemitraan ini dapat menumbuhkan lebih besar lagi kesadaran bagi setiap negara-negara di dunia, khususnya kawasan Asia, bahwa didalam mengatasi permasalahan global seperti masalah kehutanan ini, kita dapat mengatasi dan menghadapi secara bersama-sama dan tidak menutup kemungkinan juga bagi negaranegara di kawasan tersebut dapat mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya masing-masing karena memang itulah hakekat suatu kerjasama internasional (partnership).

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Forest as an international agenda since 1992 Earth summit. Subsequently, the discussions on forest continue at the global level with the establishments of various United Nations related forum. Along this line, there has been a consensus among the broad stakeholders that regional discussions on sustainable forest management may contribute significantly to the progress in debating the issues concerned at the global level. The Asia Forest Partnership was born during the 2002 World Summit Sustainable Development, ten years after the Earth Summit. Indonesia has been involved in AFP since its preparation stage and early inception stage. This undoubtedly reflects Indonesia?s commitment to work with partners in synergising efforts to attain sustainability of remaining natural forests in Asia.Asia Forest Partnership (AFP) has now been recognised as a forum for promoting partnership among multiparties to address major issues in dealing with sustainable forest management. Indonesia with its large share of remaining tropical forests in Asia, remains important partner to the forum, and situation over its forests appears as of mutual concerns to all, in particular the co-partners of AFP. There are 3 focus issues had been identified under AFP, namely: Illegal logging, forest fires and forest rehabilitation. Moreover, the three topics mentioned are indeed the national priority issues of the forestry sector in the country. Illegal logging in Indonesia has been the main focus of the AFP, and correspondingly, it is first priority program of the Ministry of Forestry. The reasons for that are obvious: Indonesia has suffered greatly from rampant practice of illegal logging and its associated illicit trade. This paper tries to describe a process, the relation of Asia Forest partnership (AFP) with Indonesia to combating Illegal Logging. To describe this case, there is used pluralism perspective by Paul R. Viotti and Mark Kauppi, and partnership approach by Brinkerhoff."

"Commons or resources can be useful but sometimes could be dangerous for humanity. The resources can be vulnerable if the human who has to manage fails. Understanding the stakeholder could be an appropriate way to solve it. Therefore this esay , based on the case study of the Bardon Grange Allotment Project (BGAP) in Leeds, the UK, is to understand the stakeholder involvement and elaborate the sustainability indicators that have been used in this project. The targets are also to understand the stakeholders' participation and to measure the indicators of its sustainability."