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"State-owned banks could help stabilize the business cycle if their lending is less procyclical. Such behavior might be driven by stronger reaction to monetary policy, which is likely influenced by government pressure or jawboning. This study investigates the effect of state ownership on lending cyclicality and monetary policy transmission using quarterly bank-level data covering virtually all conventional banks in Indonesia, where centrally state-owned banks are dominant and frequently subject to jawboning. State ownership is found to be associated with lower procyclicality in lending, even countercylicality by some measures, with the effect more pronounced during downcycles compared to upcycles. This might be explained by countercyclicality on their deposit side, which implies that state-owned banks are perceived to be more secure. Finally, there is some evidence that state-owned banks respond more to policy rate, which offers a novel explanation behind their lower procyclicality. These results affirm that some degree of state ownership in the banking system is beneficial for macroeconomic stability.

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Bank BUMN dapat membantu menstabilkan siklus bisnis jika penyaluran kredit mereka tidak begitu prosiklikal. Perilaku tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh reaksi yang lebih kuat terhadap kebijakan moneter, di mana kemungkinan terdapat tekanan politik. Studi ini meneliti dampak dari kepemilikan negara terhadap siklisitas kredit dan transmisi kebijakan moneter menggunakan data triwulanan tingkat bank yang mencakup hampir semua bank umum di Indonesia, di mana bank BUMN sangat dominan dan dipengaruhi oleh agenda pemerintah. Hasilnya mengindikasi bahwa kepemilikan negara berhubungan dengan prosiklisitas yang lebih rendah, bahkan sampai kontrasiklikal, dengan efeknya lebih kuat saat siklus ekonomi sedang turun. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh sisi deposito yang juga kontrasiklikal, misalnya karena bank BUMN dipercaya lebih aman. Terakhir, terdapat indikasi bahwa bank BUMN merespons lebih terhadap suku bunga kebijakan, yang memberikan penjelasan baru di balik prosiklisitas kredit bank BUMN yang lebih rendah. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan negara di sektor perbankan dapat bermanfaat bagi stabilitas makroekonomi."

"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) telah menjadi gagasan luas di pasar global. Pemerintah Indonesia mendorong Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) mewujudkan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) melalui Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial Lingkungan (TJSL) yang disahkan Peraturan Menteri PER-05/MBU/04/2021. Sebagai Bank Himbara, Bank Mandiri, Bank Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), dan Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) secara konsisten menunjukkan prestasinya dalam program-program CSR. Tujuan penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh empat dimensi CSR yakni Philanthropy Responsibility, Ethical Responsibility, Legal Responsibility, dan Economic Responsibility terhadap Brand Equity (BE) dengan peran mediasi Corporate Image (CI) dan Trust (TR). Metode Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) dengan disjoint two-stage approach digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis dengan 393 sampel nasabah milenilal dan z Bank BUMN di seluruh Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa CSR tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap BE. Sementara itu, TR dan CI secara positif dan signifikan memediasi pengaruh antara CSR dan BE. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa praktik CSR yang berhasil akan meningkatkan citra bank di benak nasabah. Nasabah merasa bahwa mereka berkontribusi secara sosial karena menerima layanan dari organisasi yang bertanggung jawab secara sosial. Praktik CSR menciptakan kepercayaan nasabah terhadap layanan keuangan bank. Oleh karena itu, reputasi dan kepercayaan berkontribusi dalam membangun BE bagi perusahaan.......Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a widespread notion in the global market. The Government of Indonesia encourages State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL) which has been approved by Ministerial Regulation PER-05/MBU/04/2021. As BUMN’s Bank, Bank Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), and Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) consistently show their achievements in CSR programs. The purpose of this study explores the influence of four dimensions of CSR namely Philanthropy Responsibility, Ethical Responsibility, Legal Responsibility, and Economic Responsibility on Brand Equity (BE) with the mediating role of Corporate Image (CI) and Trust (TR). The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with a two-stage disjoint approach was used to test the hypothesis with 393 samples of millennial customers and z state-owned banks throughout Indonesia. The results of the study show that CSR does not have a significant direct effect on BE. Meanwhile, TR and CI positively and significantly mediate the effect between CSR and BE. This finding developed that successful CSR practices will improve the bank's image in the minds of customers. Customers feel that they are contributing socially by receiving services from socially responsible organizations. CSR practices create customer trust in bank financial services. Therefore, reputation and trust contribute to building BE for the company."

"ABSTRACTWe examine the impact of foreign presence on domestic banks performance by studying conventional commercial banks in Indonesia. We use monthly financial information of 97 commercial banks from 2003 through 2013 resulting in 8,600 observations. We use a panel data regression (Panel Least Square method) to test our hypotheses. Our results show that overall, foreign presence decreases the performance of domestic banks. Going deeper, we find that foreign presence reduces state-owned banks profitability as well as private domestic banks profitability. However, there is no significant effect of foreign presence on the performance of regional development banks. Little evidence found on the effect of foreign presence on overhead cost."