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"Subsea pipelines are used for a number of purposes in the development of subsea hydrocarbon resources as shown in Figure 1.1. A pipeline system can be a single-pipe pipeline system, pipe-in-pipe or bundled system. Normally, the term of subsea flow-lines is used to describe the subsea pipelines carrying oil and gas products from the wellhead to the riser base; the riser is connected to the processing facilities (e.g. a platform or a FPSO). The subsea pipelines from the processing facilities to shore are called export pipelines, while the subsea pipelines from the platform to subsea equipment used to transfer water or chemical inhibiters are called water injection or chemical flow-lines."

"This book covers a variety of topics in mechanics, with a special emphasis to fluid mechanics and energy transfer. Chapters are based on selected contributions presented during the Algerian Congress of Mechanics (CAM 2017), held on November 26 - 30, 2017, in Constantine, Algeria. The book covers theoretical analysis, modeling, and numerical treatment of performance-related problems of new refrigeration systems, heating and cooling. It reports on experimental research to solve problems related to the flow of microfluids, and relevant applications in the areas of chemical engineering, biochemistry, biomedicine and renewable energy. Further topics include methods for maintenance of mechanical structures, strength, wear, fracture, damage and life of structures, and image processing solutions for the design and 3D manufacturing of mechanical parts. Improvement, control and regulation of urban road traffic are also discussed in this book, thus offering a comprehensive, practice-oriented reference guide for academics and professionals. "

"ABSTRAKProduksi pesawat terbang sendiri menjadi sangat penting untuk memfasilitasi banyaknya penumpang pesawat terbang di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki sejumlah insinyur pesawat dalam membuat dan merancang komponen utama pesawat terbang yang kompleks. Namun, banyak insinyur pesawat Indonesia yang lebih memilih bekerja pada produsen pesawat dunia, termasuk para insinyur pesawat baru. Hal ini menyebabkan sumber daya manusia dalam mendesain pesawat di Indonesia menjadi terbatas. Desain pesawat terbang yang sangat kompleks dan jumlah sumber daya manusia yang terbatas membutuhkan manajemen proyek yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan penjadwalan berdasarkan CPM dan CCPM untuk proses desain struktur ekor pesawat terbang berdasarkan sumber daya yang terbatas. Hasil analisis perbandingan menunjukan bahwa penjadwalan CPM dan CCPM memiliki ruang lingkup dan kualitas yang sama. Dalam constraint penjadwalan, CPM memiliki proses perhitungan yang lebih sederhana dibandingkan CCPM. Penjadwalan CCPM dapat lebih dapat meminimalisasi biaya, menggunakan sumber daya manusia lebih optimal, dan dapat lebih mengantisipasi risiko dibandingkan penjadwalan CPM.

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ABSTRACTAbstractThe production of the aircraft in Indonesia becomes very important to facilitate many passengers of airplanes in Indonesia. Indonesia has a number of aircraft engineers in making and designing the main components of a complex aircraft. However, many Indonesian aircraft engineers prefer to work on the world 39 s aircraft manufacturers, including new aircraft engineers. This causes the human resources in designing of aircraft in Indonesia to be limited. The design of a very complex aircraft and the limited number of human resources requires good project management. This study aims to analyze scheduling comparisons based on CPM and CCPM for the design process of tailplane structure based on limited resources. The result of comparison analysis shows that the scheduling of CPM and CCPM have the same scope and quality. In the scheduling constraint, CPM has a simpler calculation process than CCPM. CCPM scheduling can further minimize costs, use more optimal human resources, and be more risk anticipating than CPM scheduling."

"This volume gives an overview on recent developments for various applications of modern engineering design. Different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), this is connected with the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. One way to fulfil such requirements are lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector. In this book, many examples of the mentioned design applications are presented."

"Percepatan pada pembangunan infrastruktur menyebabkan penerapan kontrak design and build menjadi pilihan pada pembangunan bangunan Gedung Negara, salah satunya dalam pembangunan Stadion di Indonesia. Tidak adanya standar dalam metode pengukuran volume pekerjaan pada kontrak design and build menyebabkan perbedaan persepsi antara penyedia jasa dan pihak auditor, sehingga menimbulkan dispute pada saat proses audit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sebuah metode pengukuran standar volume Pekerjaan Design Development, Sitework dan Struktur, berbasis WBS pada Field of Play Stadion bangunan khusus gedung negara menggunakan kontrak design & build untuk meningkatkan akurasi perhitungan volume pekerjaan. Lalu membuat Pemodelan hubungan WBS dan SMM tersebut terhadap Tingkat Akurasi Perhitungan Volume Pekerjaan dengan menggunakan Structural equation modeling (SEM). Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, pertama penyusunan Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) berdasarkan data arsip, selanjutnya divalidasi oleh pakar ahli. Kedua, Penyusunan standard method of measurement (SMM) berbasis WBS, kemudian divalidasi oleh pakar ahli. Ketiga adalah Pemodelan hubungan WBS dan SMM terhadap Tingkat Akurasi Perhitungan Volume Pekerjaan dengan menggunakan SEM, dengan penyebaran kuesioner untuk validasi pakar, pilot survey, dan survey responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah WBS standar, Standard Method of Measurement berbasis WBS, serta model hubungan WBS dan SMM terhadap tingkat akurasi perhitungan volume pekerjaan berupa hasil analisa menggunakan SEM-PLS didapatkan R-Square sebesar 0.674 dan model matematika sebagai berikut 0.455 X1 + 0.434 X2 = Y. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai panduan dalam mengukur volume pekerjaan sehingga membentuk keseragaman pemahaman bagi semua pihak yang terlibat, sehingga mengurangi dampak dispute pada saat dilakukan proses audit.

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The acceleration in infrastructure building creates apply design and build contract to be choice in the construction of the State Building. One of them is development of Stadium in Indonesia. Standardless in measurement method work volume in design and build contract, cause difference perception between contractors and auditors, so that create dispute in auditing process. The aim of this research is to develop a measurement method of work volume standard of Design Development, Sitework and Structure based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in Field of Play Stadium of special state building, use design and build contract to increase the accuracy of work volume measurement. Then make modelling relation between the WBS and the SMM for accuracy level measurement of work volume by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The methods which used in the research are, the first is compiling the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) based on archive data, then validated by experts. The second is compiling Standard Method of Measurement (SMM) based on validated WBS, then validated by experts. The third is relation modelling between WBS and SMM to level of measurement accuracy of works volume by using SEM, by distributing questionnaires for validation by experts, pilot survey and survey respondents. The result of research is WBS Standard, Standard Method of Measurement based on WBS, and relation model between WBS and SMM on the level of accuracy measurement of the works volume which in the form of analysis results by using SEM-PLS obtained R-Square of 0.674 and the mathematical model is 0.455 X1 + 0.434 X2 = Y. The result of this research expected can be used as a guide in measuring work volume so that create similarity perception for all involved parties, so that decrease the impact of disputes during the audit process."

"Indonesia ditunjuk sebagai tuan rumah perhelatan piala dunia bola basket tahun 2023, maka dilakukan pembangunan stadion indoor guna menjadi venue acara tersebut. Stadion dengan kapasitas 16.300 penonton dibangun di di kawasan Gelora Bung Karno, Senayan, Jakarta pada luas tapak bangunan 20.904 m2 dengan jenis stadium tertutup (indoor) tentu memerlukan sebuah rangka struktur penyangga atap bangunan dengan lebar.PT. Adhi Karya (Persero) menjadi bagian dari kontraktor pelaksana pekerjaan proyek dengan nama paket Pekerjaan Pembangunan Indoor Multifunction Stadium dalam rangka piala dunia basket tahun 2023. Dalam laporan praktik insinyur ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji dan menganalisa proses perancangan, pelaksanaan pekerjaan dan pengawasan dari pekerjaan rangka atap Pembangunan Indoor Multifunction Stadium dengan menggunakan sistem space frame.Proses kajian dan Analisa menggunakan metode perbandingan design antara space frame dengan truss profile sebagai alternatif design struktur. Berdasarkan hasil Analisa perbandingan diperoleh bahwa sistem rangka space frame memiliki keunggulan pada keandalan bangunan, kemudahan pelaksanaan, aspek keselamatan konstruksi, durasi pekerjaan, volume pekerjaan, dan biaya pekerjaan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan sistem truss profile yang merupakan rancangan pada saat Basic Design.

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Indonesia was appointed as the host of the 2023 basketball world cup, so the construction of an indoor stadium was carried out to be the venue for the event. The stadium with a capacity of 16,300 spectators was built in the Gelora Karno area, Senayan, Jakarta on a building footprint of 20,904 m2 with a closed stadium type (indoor) certainly requires a frame of a building roof support structure.

PT. Adhi Karya (Persero) is part of the contractor implementing the project work under the name of the Indoor Multifunction Stadium Construction Work package in the framework of the basketball world cup in 2023. In the practice report, this engineer intends to review and analyze the process of designing, carrying out work and supervising the roof truss work of the Indoor Multifunction Stadium Construction using a space frame system.

The study and analysis process uses the design comparison method between the space frame and the truss profile as an alternative to structural design. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, it was obtained that the space frame frame system has advantages in building reliability, ease of execution, construction safety aspects, duration of work, volume of work, and work costs that are better when compared to the truss profile system which was designed at the time of Basic Design."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai pengaruh rancangan struktur organisasi terhadap efektivitas kerja karyawan di PT. Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi pengaruh sub variabel rancangan serta perubahan struktur organisasi berdasarkan teori dari Robbins dan Coulter (2010) yang memasukkan 4 sub variabel /dimensi rancangan struktur organisasi yaitu : Spesialisasi Kerja, Departementalisasi, Rantai Komando dan Rentang Kendali terhadap 3 sub variabel efektivitas kerja dari Hasibuan (2003) yaitu Kuantitas Kerja, Kualitas Kerja dan Pemanfaatan Waktu. Pengumpulan data diberikan kepada karyawan PT. Pertamina Hulu Energi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS-GLM (General Linear Model). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua sub variabel rancangan struktur organisasi (spesialisasi kerja, departementalisasi, rantai komando dan rentang kedali) secara bersama – sama memiliki pengaruh terhadap sub variabel dari variabel efektivitas kerja yaitu kuantitas kerja sebanyak 8,8 %, terhadap kualitas kerja sebanyak 8.9 %, dan terhadap pemanfaatan waktu sebanyak 7,5 % sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lainnya, sub variabel spesialisasi kerja memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap sub variabel kuantitas kerja dan pemanfaatan waktu dari variabel efektivitas kerja. Sub variabel rentang kendali memiliki pengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap sub variabel kualitas kerja dari variabel efektivitas kerja.

Kata kunci : Rancangan struktur organisasi, perubahan struktur organisasi, efektivitas kerja, spesialisasi kerja, departementalisasi, rantai komando, rentang kendali, kuantitas kerja, kualitas kerja, dan pemanfaatan waktu

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This Thesis discuss the influence of Organizational Structure Design on Work Effectiveness of employees in PT. Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE). This research study conducted on the influence of variables of the organizational structure design based on the theory from Robbins & Coulter (2010) that includes 4 sub variables/ dimensions of the organizational structure design, consist of: Specialities of work, departmentalization, chain of command and span of control over 3 sub variables/ dimensions of work effectiveness based on the theory of Hasibuan (2003) that consist of work quantity, work quality, and time utilization. Data questionnaire was given to employees of PT. Pertamina Hulu Energi, Data analysis was done with the SPSS – GLM (General Linear Models) program. The result of this research indicate that all of the sub variables of organizational structure change (specialities of work, departmentalization, chain command and span of control) collectively have impact on work effectiveness sub variables like work quantity  as much as 8,8 %, on work quality 8.9 %, and on time utilization 7.5 %, while the rest is influenced by other factors. Sub variable of work specialization have a significant positive influence on sub variable work quantity and time utilization of work effectiveness. Sub variable span of control have a negative significant influence on work quality of work effectiveness.

Keyword :

Organizational structure design, organization structure change, work effectiveness, work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, work quantity, work quality, and time utilization"