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Abstrak :
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is an agro-industrial waste product with high availability and which contains high quantities of organic compounds that are necessary for microbial growth. Cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in POME to produce lipase using the submerged fermentation method. The objective of this study is to obtain the optimum value of lipase activity produced by the cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using POME as the substrate through the submerged fermentation method and to obtain the dry extract of lipase. In the study, the one factor at a time (OFAT) method was applied, which allowed observation of the effect of inoculum and additional nutrient concentrations, such as Ca2+ ion, olive oil, peptone and Tween 80, on the activity of lipase. These factors were investigated in shake flask fermentation at 30°C over 96 hours. The activity unit of lipase was determined by the titrimetric reaction of olive oil hydrolysis using crude lipase. The optimum value of the lipase activity unit (1.327 U/mL) was gained when 3% (v/v) of inoculum, 4 mM of Ca2+ ion, 0.4% (v/v) of olive oil, 0.9% (m/v) of peptone, and 0.9% of Tween 80 were added into the medium. Crude lipase was then dried using a spray dryer. Subsequently, 15.643 g of dry extract lipase was obtained from 500 mL of cell free supernatant. In further research, the lipase activity assay would be better achieved using the p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis method and examined by a spectrophotometer.

Abstrak :
Indonesia memiliki potensi yang besar dalam memproduksi enzim untuk industri bioteknologi. Sayangnya, dengan sumber daya alam yang melimpah, enzim untuk industri bioteknologi masih diimpor. Perkembangan produksi enzim di Indonesia harus didukung untuk menurunkan tingkat impor enzim. Industri biodiesel merupakan salah satu industri bioteknologi yang memanfaatkan enzim untuk produknya. Lipase adalah enzim utama dan berperan sebagai biokatalis untuk produksi biodiesel. Produksi enzim lipase dari Rhizopus oryzae dikembangkan dengan menggunakan metode fermentasi solid state dan submerged untuk menghasilkan enzim lipase dalam jumlah tinggi dengan limbah pertanian yang dimanfaatkan sebagai substrat untuk produksi lipase. Kondisi optimum untuk produksi lipase ditemukan dengan berbagai waktu, konsentrasi substrat dan konsentrasi induser dari fermentasi. Waktu fermentasi divariasikan menjadi 1, 3, 5, dan 7 hari dengan variasi konsentrasi substrat 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5, substrat yang digunakan adalah dedak gandum. Dan variasi induser adalah 2, 4, 6, dan 8. Ekstraksi akan dilakukan melalui kain muslin, sentrifugasi dan disaring dengan kertas saring. Lipase yang dihasilkan adalah enzim lipase basah dan kering. Titrasi digunakan sebagai uji enzimatik untuk aktivitas lipase. Dengan kondisi optimum dari konsentrasi inducer 6,9, konsentrasi substrat 1,9 dan 3,5 hari periode fermentasi. Aktivitas unit yang dihasilkan dari lipase 62,67 U/ml dan 50 U/ml untuk Submerged Fermentasi dan Solid-State Fermentation masing-masing. Dengan hasil sintesis biodiesel sebesar 38,11 melalui rute non-alkohol. ......Indonesia has huge potentials on producing enzymes for biotechnology industries. Unfortunately, with abundant natural resources, the enzymes for biotechnology industries were still imported. The development of enzyme production in Indonesia should be supported in order to reduce the import level of enzymes. Biodiesel industry is one of the biotechnology industries that utilizes enzyme for their product. Lipase is the main enzyme and act as the biocatalyst for the production of biodiesel. The production of lipase enzyme from Rhizopus oryzae are developed using the Solid State fermentation and Submerged fermentation method in order to yield high amount of lipase enzyme with the agricultural waste is utilize as the substrate for the lipase production. The optimum condition for the production of lipase is discovered by varying time, substrate concentration and inducer concentration of the fermentation. The time of fermentation is 1, 3, 5, and 7 days with substrate concentration variation of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5, the substrate used is Wheat Bran. And the variation of the inducer is 2, 4, 6, and 8. The extraction will be done by squeezing the suspension through muslin cloth, centrifugation and filtered by filter paper. Titration is used as the enzymatic assay for the lipase activity. Under optimum condition of 6.9 inducer concentration, 1.9 substrate concentration and 3.5 day of fermentation period. Resulting unit activity of lipase of 62.67 U ml and 50 U ml for Submerged Fermentation and Solid State Fermentation respectively. With biodiesel synthesis yield of 38.11 through non alcohol route.

Abstrak :
Enzim kolesterol oksidase adalah enzim oksidoreduktase yang mampu mendegradasi kolesterol. Pada percobaan ini, dilakukan produksi enzim kolesterol oksidase oleh Streptomyces sp. melalui fermentasi submerged lalu dilakukan investigasi terhadap aktivitas dan kemampuan katalisis enzim kolesterol oksidase. Pada percobaan, substrat dan enzim divariasikan pada berbagai konsentrasi, yaitu 0,15, 0,075, dan 0,0375 U/mL dan 1,25, 2,5, dan 5 mg/mL. Perbandingan konstanta laju reaksi antara ekstrak kasar enzim dan enzim komersial diperoleh dari hasil penelitian. Perbandingan konstanta laju reaksi enzimatis oleh faktor yang mempengaruhi, diantaranya imobilisasi enzim dan suhu inkubasi enzim, dengan data yang diperoleh dari literatur. Enzim dan substrat mengalami reaksi oksidasi pada waktu inkubasi 5, 30, 65, 120, dan 240, lalu konsentrasi kolesterol residu pada sampel dilakukan plotting dengan waktu inkubasi, dan konstanta laju reaksi diperoleh melalui permodelan reaksi orde 1 dengan pendekatan integrasi numerik Euler. Aktivitas ekstrak kasar enzim yaitu 1,69 U/mL dengan konstanta laju reaksi yaitu 0,01/menit untuk ekstrak kasar enzim dan 0,014/menit untuk enzim komersial. Selanjutnya, diperoleh faktor yang mempengaruhi konstanta laju reaksi oksidasi kolesterol secara enzimatik oleh enzim kolesterol oksidase, yaitu konsentrasi enzim, jenis enzim, imobilisasi, dan suhu inkubasi. Reaksi oksidasi kolesterol oleh enzim kolesterol oksidase dari Streptomyces sp. mengikuti reaksi orde 1. ...... Cholesterol oxidase well known as oxidoreductase enzyme which able to degrade the cholesterol. Here, we produced cholesterol oxidase from Streptomyces sp. by submerged fermentation and investigate the activity and cholesterol oxidation kinetics of cholesterol oxidase. The enzyme and substrate are diluted in various concentration, 0.15, 0.075, 0.0375 U mL and 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg mL, respectively. Further step was comparing crude enzyme and commercial enzyme from Streptomyces sp. by oxidation constant rate of reaction. The enzyme and substrate were through the oxidation reaction, and the amount of cholesterol residue in the sample are determined by HPLC. In this work, we also compared the oxidation constant rate of reaction of previous experiment from literature with affecting factors, such as immobilization and incubating temperature. The cholesterol residue in the sample are plotted by time reaction and the rate constant is obtained by first order rate reaction using Euler integration method. The crude enzyme activity is 1.69 U mL and the reaction constant are 0.01 U mL and 0.014 for crude extract and commercial enzyme, respectively. Furthermore, several factors affecting constant rate of enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol were enzyme concentration, enzyme type, immobilization, and incubating temperature. Cholesterol oxidation by Streptomyces sp. cholesterol oxidase was follow the first order reaction.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit merupakan limbah cair agroindustri yang ketersediannya melimpah di Indonesia. Limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit mengandung bahan organik yang cukup untuk pertumbuhan bakteri. Pseudomonas aeruginosa dikultur untuk memproduksi lipase dengan fermentasi terendam pada substrat limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit. Untuk meningkatkan produks lipase, metode penelitian satu faktor pada satu waktu dilakukan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi lipase seperti konsentrasi inokulum, minyak zaitun, pepton, ion Ca, dan Tween 80 diteliti dengan fermentasi selama 96 jam dan suhu 30 C. Hasil optimum akltivitas lipase 1,284 U/mL diperoleh dengan menambahkan 3 v/v inokulum, 0,4 v/v minyak zaitun; 0,9 m/v pepton; 6 mM Ca ion, dan 0,9 v/v Tween 80. Kemudian, ekstrak basah lipase yang didapatkan dikeringkan dengan spray drier dan menghasilkan 15,643 gram ekstrak kering lipase per 500 mL ekstrak basah lipase

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ABSTRACT
Palm oil mill effluent is is one of the agro industrial wastes with high avaiblity and contains high organic compounds that necessary for microbial growth.. Cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown to produce lipase in Palm Oil Mill Efluent using submerged fermentation method. To enhance the production of lipase, one factor at a time OFAT was used. Influencing factors as concentration of inoculum, peptone, olive oil, Ca ion, and Tween 80 were investigated at 30 C and 96 h in shake flask fermentation. was determined The lipase activity unit of these five factor determined by by using titrimetri reaction of olive oil hydrolysis with crude lipase. The optimum values of lipase activity unit were gained when 3 v v inoculum, 0,9 m v peptone, 0,4 v v olive oil, 4 mM Ca ion, and 0,9 v v Tween 80 added into medium. Later, the crude lipase was dried using spray drier and resulting 15,643 gr of dry extracelluler lipase per 500 mL cell free supernatant.