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"Goats and sheep are valuable as they are a source of meat, milk, fleece, and other products. These livestock are also important both for agriculture and biomedical research. However, the efficient, sustainable, and profitable production of these small ruminants faces major obstacles. Hence, this review analyzes these major challenges specifically, their negative impacts on the industry, and suggests some science-based solutions to overcome them. Those challenged areas are education and training, research, translational research/biotechnology, goat and sheep health, and maintenance of an economically sustainable agribusiness. The suggested solutions include the effective teaching of goat and sheep science to the next generation and public empowerment, support for innovative and translational research, disease prevention and treatment, support for technology transfer, and development of sound agribusiness practices. This review is helpful particularly for scientists, students, and the goat and sheep producers. In general, these information on the current state of goat and sheep agriculture will also help the public to better understand and appreciate the challenges met and opportunities provided in small ruminant production enterprises."

"Metode System Dynamics digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk memodelkan dan menganalisis dampak strategi Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) terhadap kinerja keberlanjutan produksi. Pendekatan ini memberikan pandangan holistik terhadap interaksi dinamis antar variabel sistem produksi, seperti penggunaan material daur ulang, kesejahteraan tenaga kerja, dan nilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada Telkomsel sebagai problem owner, dengan objek kajian berupa sistem produksi kartu SIM oleh pihak ketiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi ESG yang paling efektif dalam mendorong transisi menuju produksi berkelanjutan di tengah tekanan regulasi, transformasi digital eSIM, dan meningkatnya ekspektasi pemangku kepentingan. Model dibangun menggunakan Causal Loop Diagram dan Stock and Flow Diagram, serta diuji melalui simulasi empat skenario eksternal. Hasil simulasi secara optimis menunjukkan bahwa produksi yang stabil menjadi fondasi utama untuk mencapai perbaikan ESG. Dalam kondisi ini, strategi daur ulang (Strategi 2) meningkatkan indikator lingkungan sebesar 23%, program Company Social Responsibility (Strategi 3) meningkatkan indikator sosial sebesar 30%, dan diversifikasi produk (Strategi 1) meningkatkan indikator ekonomi hingga 40%. Studi ini membuktikan bahwa dengan pendekatan yang tepat, keberlanjutan dan kinerja bisnis dapat tumbuh bersama secara harmonis.

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System Dynamics methodology is used in this study to model and analyze the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) strategies on sustainable production performance. This approach offers a holistic perspective on the dynamic interactions between production variables such as recycled material usage, workforce well-being, and economic value. The research takes Telkomsel as the problem owner, focusing on its third-party SIM card production system. The study aims to identify the most effective ESG strategies to drive sustainable production amid regulatory pressure, the digital transition to eSIM, and growing stakeholder expectations. The model was developed using Causal Loop Diagrams and Stock and Flow Diagrams and tested across four external scenarios. Simulation results optimistically highlight that maintaining stable production is a key foundation for achieving ESG improvements. Under such conditions, the recycling collaboration strategy (Strategy 2) improves the environmental indicator by +23%, CSR programs (Strategy 3) raise the social indicator by +30%, and product diversification (Strategy 1) increases the economic indicator by up to +40%. This study demonstrates that with the right ESG strategies, companies can achieve sustainable transformation while maintaining strong economic performance and stakeholder trust."