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Abstrak :
Konsensus yang ada dalam berbagai penelitian di lingkup ekonomi digital bahwa teknologi pita lebar memiliki dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan produktivitas belum memperhitungkan perbedaan dampak dari teknologi pita lebar yang berbeda. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan dampak ekonomi apa yang bisa diberikan dari pembaharuan teknologi ke teknologi pita lebar termutakhir. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi dampak dari infrastruktur teknologi pita lebar 4G terhadap produktivitas pekerja regional di Indonesia dengan cara membandingkan tingkat produktivitas pekerja regional rata-rata di kabupaten/kota dengan koneksi internet yang sebagian besar 4G dan di kabupaten/kota dengan koneksi internet yang sebagian besar 2.5G dan 3G. Hasil awal menunjukan bahwa kabupaten/kota dengan koneksi internet yang sebagian besar 4G memiliki tingkat produktivitas pekerja regional rata-rata yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi. Namun demikian, setelah melakukan penyesuaian terhadap selection bias dengan melakukan metode statistik propensity score matching (PSM), ditemukan bahwa perbedaan tingkat produktivitas pekerja regional rata-rata tidak lagi berbeda secara signifikan. Penemuan ini dapat disebabkan karena adanya diminishing return of speed, lag yang ada dari dampak investasi teknologi terhadap perekonomian, serta kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia yang sebagian besar belum membutuhkan penggunaan skala besar dari teknologi yang membatasi dampak dari teknologi pita lebar terhadap produktivitas. ......The current consensus in digital economics literatures shows the positive impacts of broadband on economic growth and productivity does not distinguish between different broadband networks. This poses a question on what sort of economic benefit do technological upgrades from older to newer generations of broadband networks have. This research investigates the impact of 4G broadband infrastructure on regional labor productivity in Indonesia by comparing the average level of labor productivity in municipalities with mostly 4G connections and municipalities with mostly 2.5G and 3G connections. The initial result of this study indicates that municipalities with mostly 4G broadband connection has a significantly higher average labor productivity. After adjusting for selection bias by employing propensity score matching, it is found that the difference in the average labor productivity is no longer statistically significant. This might be explained by the diminishing returns of (broadband) speed, lag of broadband investment impacts on the economy and the nature of most jobs in Indonesia that might not require heavy usage of broadband hence limiting its impact on productivity.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Most of the countries in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) of the Europea Union (EU) experienced currency overvaluation and high production costs betwwen 2003 adn 2011, which increased their current account deficits. Despite not being an EMU member, Turkey's current account dificit increased in parallel with those of most EMU countries. Although Turkey experienced technological upgrades that changed low- and medium-tech industries into mediun- and high-tech industries, increasing exports relative to those of EU countries, it also expereinced a high trade deficit, the highest unit labor cost growth in export goods, an one of the most overvalued currencies. Its high production coast, overvalued currency, and industrialpolicies in he transport equipment industry following technological change combined with insufficient investment in the promotion of low- and medium-tech industries worssened Turkey's trade deficit in the 2000s. Thereofre, to increase its ability to compete with EU economies and reduce its trade deficit, Turkey must implement new instituonal changes to fix its wage rate growth to the productivity growth of export goods and design new policies in those industries where the trade deficid was stimulated.