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Abstrak :
Computer teknology has been fastly developed in each life elemen; one of them is digital imaging technology.Taking a digital picture is very easy,on the other one hand there are many digital processing for digital imaging has been used nowday....

Abstrak :
Penterjemah barcode merupakan salah satu penelitian dalam bidang computer vision. Secara sederhana, computer vision ingin membangun sebuah mesin cerdas yang mempunyai kemampuan melihat seperti makhluk hidup. Sistem penterjemah ini bekerja dengan cara mencari lokasi dari barcode tersebut, mensegmentasi setiap karakter yang ada dari barcode tersebut dan kemudian mengenali setiap karakter tersebut dengan menggunakan teknik template matching. Template Matching adalah solusi sederhana jika karakter yang ingin dikenali memiliki jenis dan ukuran yang sama. Aplikasi ini dibangun menggunakan Visual C++, dan Visual C++ Imaging Library. Aplikasi yang dibangun ini dapat mengenali barcode yang terdapat dalam sebuah citra pada tahapan pengujian dengan prosentase keakuratan 50 %.

Abstrak :
Material low band gap baru tipe-p Poly 2,2 39;- 2,5-bis 2-octyldodecyl -3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6- tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4-diyl dithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-5,5 39;- diyl-alt-thiophen-2,5-diyl telah menarik banyak perhatian untuk aplikasi sebagai material fotoaktif pada divais elektronik seperti pada sel surya dan fotodetektor. Modifikasi morfologi pada lapisan fotoaktif menjadi tantangan karena panjang difusi exciton pada semikonduktor organic terbatas hanya 10-20 nm. Oleh karena itu, bentuk dan struktur material semikonduktor organic menggunakan template AAO untuk membuat berbagai macam struktur nano seperti nanotube,nanorod, dan struktur nano yang lain semakin menarik perhatian peneliti. Pada penelitian ini, sintesis dan karakterisasi sifat optik dan struktur material PDPPBTT nanotube telah dilakukan. Struktur PDPPBTT nanotube telah dibuat dengan menggunakan AAO template yang diinfiltrasi dengan metode sentrifugasi. Larutan polimer dibuat dengan dua konsentrasi, yaitu 5 mg/mL dan 10 mg/mL dan dilakukan variasi kecepatan putar centrifuge yaitu 3000, 3500 dan 4000 rpm. Karakterisasi sifat optik dilakukan dengan UV-Vis spektrofotometer dan Photoluminescence, karakterisasi morfologi dengan FESEM dan analisis struktur dengan Raman. Berdasarkan hasil UV-Vis, intensitas serapan PDPPBTT 5 mg/mL pada kecepatan putar 3000 rpm menunjukkan hasil yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan kecepatan putar yang lain. Hal ini juga didukung dengan hasil pengujian morfologi yang memperlihatkan struktur nanotube pada 3000 rpm lebih panjang dan rapat. Selain pengaruh kecepatan putar, penelitian ini juga membahas tentang pengaruh konsentrasi larutan. Larutan dengan konsentrasi 10 mg/mL terlihat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 5 mg/mL, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil pengujian morfologinya. Konsentrasi 10 mg/ml struktur nano nya sangat rapat dan kuat sehingga membentuk rumpun clump . Hal ini berkaitan dengan transfer muatan yang terjadi pada material PDPPBTT. Dari hasil Photoluminescence, konsentrasi yang besar juga berpengaruh terhadap mekanisme intra atau intermolekul pada rantai polimer, hal itu terlihat pada hasilnya yang mengalami penurunan intensitas dan redshift. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, material PDPPBTT berpotensi kuat untuk dapat diaplikasikan dalam sebuah divais optoelektronik.

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The novel highly conductive low band gap p type materials, Poly 2,2 39 2,5 bis 2 octyldodecyl 3,6 dioxo 2,3,5,6 tetrahydropyrrolo 3,4 c pyrrole 1,4 diyl dithieno 3,2 b thiophene 5,5 39 diyl alt thiophen 2,5 diyl has attracted numerous attention for potential applications as a photoactive material of optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetector. The morphological control of the photoactive layer remains a challenge due to the exciton diffusion length of organic semiconductors is limited to 10 20 nm. Therefore the patterning of organic semiconducting materials using hard templates for fabrication of nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanorods, and other novel nanostructures attracted increasing attention. In this study, synthesis and characterization of optical properties and structure of PDPPBTT nanotube have been performed. The structure of PDPPBTT nanotubes have been made using AAO templates infiltrated by centrifugation method. Polymer solution was made with two concentrations 5 mg mL and 10 mg ml. Moreover, the centrifuge rotation speed which were used varied from 3000, 3500 and 4000 rpm. The characterization of optical properties was performed with UV Vis spectrophotometers and Photoluminescence, morphological characterization with FESEM and structural analysis with Raman spectroscopy. Based on the UV Vis results, the absorbance of PDPPBTT with 5 mg mL at 3000 rpm showed the highest value compared to other rotation speed. It rsquo s also supported by the results of morphological test which showed longer length and denser distribution at 3000 rpm rotation speed. Moreover, the effect of concentration on optical property, morphology, and structure have also been studied. The solution with 10 mg mL concentration showed better result compared to 5 mg mL concentration. The morphological measurement showed that the nanostructure obtained from 10 mg ml concentration formed a dense and strong clump. This is related to the charge transfer that occurs on PDPPBTT material. Photoluminescence measurement showed that difference in concentration value affect the intra or intermolecular mechanism in the polymer chain. This could be seen from extremely decrease of intensity and redshift which is found from the result of photoluminescence measurement.

Abstrak :
Pemanfaatan logika berfikir yang diimplementasi ke dalam algoritma program dibutuhkan untuk membuat sebuah sistem cerdas. Skripsi ini melaporkan hasil rancang bangun sebuah wahana hexacopter dengan berat lepas landas total sebesar 5,9 Kg. Beban tersebut terdiri dari komponen-komponen penyusun wahana, antara lain baling-baling dengan panjang 17 x 5,5 inci, baterai Li-Po dengan kapasitas 10.000 mAh, ESC dengan arus maksimum 40A, GPS, kamera, kerangka hexacopter, single board computer, flight controller, gimbal, motor sebesar 360 Kv, dan komponen-komponen pendukung lainnya. Ujicoba untuk keberhasilan rancang bangun ini dibuktikan dengan waktu mengudara (flight time) yang standar (± 16 menit). Di sisi lain, wahana ini di desain untuk mampu terbang secara otomatis berdasarkan pengolahan citra untuk dapat memposisikan dirinya agar berada di tengah objek target yang ingin dideteksi. Deteksi objek dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengolahan citra template matching berbasis color histogram footprint dengan tingkat keberhasilan rata-rata sebesar 78 % dengan jarak deteksi objek sejauh 1 meter. Visual feedback control berbasis pengendali PID digunakan sebagai kendali terbang wahana untuk mengendalikan throttle dan roll agar hexacopter dapat memposisikan dirinya di tengah objek target berdasarkan gambar yang diambil oleh kamera. ......The use of logic thinking which is implemented into the program algorithms is needed to make a smart system. This paper reports the results of design and build of a hexacopter with total takeoff weight of 5,9 Kg. This weight consists of components used in building the hexacopter, including a propeller with a length of 17 x 5,5 inches, Li-Po battery with a capacity of 10.000 mAh, ESC with a maximum current of 40A, GPS, camera, hexacopter frame, single board computer, flight controller, gimbal, 360 Kv brushless DC motors, and other supporting items. This hexacopter has a standard flight time of ±16 minutes. The vehicle is designed to be able to fly autonomously based on image processing to position itself in the middle of the detected target object. Object detection is performed by image processing with the method of template matching based on color histogram footprint which give us an average success rate of 78% from distance of 1 meter. Visual feedback control based on PID controllers is used to control the throttle and roll of the hexacopter so it can position itself in the middle of the target object based on images taken by the camera.

Abstrak :
Karbon mesopori berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode template lunak dengan Pluronic F-127 sebagai agen struktural; phloroglucinol dan formaldehida sebagai prekursor karbon. Karbon mesopori yang berhasil disintesis kemudian dimodifikasi menggunakan etilendiamin, yang kemudian diimpregnasi dengan nanopartikel Ni. Hasil modifikasi dan impregnasi tersebut dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, dan XRD. Pengujian kapasitas adsorpsi MC, Ni-MC, MC-EDA, dan Ni-EDA MC dilakukan dengan mengalirkan gas CO2 selama 5, 10, dan 15 menit untuk melihat kemampuan adsorpsi CO2. Bahan Ni-MC dan Ni-EDA MC kemudian digunakan sebagai katalis dalam reaksi Hidrogenasi, yaitu reaksi antara molekul hidrogen (H2) dengan unsur atau senyawa lain yang melibatkan suatu katalis. Reaksi hanya dapat berlangsung jika terdapat Ni(0) sebagai pusat aktif pada karbon mesopori. Berbagai parameter katalis yang digunakan meliputi; variasi suhu, variasi jumlah katalis, dan variasi waktu. Proses reaksi hidrogenasi menggunakan reaktor aliran dan dianalisis menggunakan instrumen GC-TCD. % rendemen yang diperoleh dari katalis Ni-MC dan Ni-EDA MC berturut-turut adalah 3,54% dan 3,86% pada suhu 873 K. Pada variasi jumlah katalis, % rendemen diperoleh bahan Ni-MC dengan massa katalis 0,02 g sebesar 4,37% sedangkan Ni-EDA MC diperoleh % rendemen sebesar 4,45% dengan massa katalis 0,03 gr. Untuk melihat hambatan katalis dilakukan dengan variasi waktu. Bahan Ni-MC optimum diuji selama 30 menit dengan rendemen 13,32%, sedangkan MC Ni-EDA optimum pada rentang waktu 40 menit dengan rendemen 13,26%. ......Mesoporous carbon was successfully synthesized using the soft template method with Pluronic F-127 as a structural agent; phloroglucinol and formaldehyde as carbon precursors. The successfully synthesized mesoporous carbon was then modified using ethylenediamine, which was then impregnated with Ni nanoparticles. The results of these modifications and impregnations were characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, and XRD. The adsorption capacity of MC, Ni-MC, MC-EDA, and Ni-EDA MC was tested by flowing CO2 gas for 5, 10, and 15 minutes to see the CO2 adsorption ability. Ni-MC and Ni-EDA MC materials are then used as catalysts in Hydrogenation reactions, namely reactions between hydrogen molecules (H2) with other elements or compounds involving a catalyst. The reaction can only take place if there is Ni(0) as the active center on the mesoporous carbon. Various parameters of the catalyst used include; variations in temperature, variations in the amount of catalyst, and variations in time. The hydrogenation reaction process uses a flow reactor and is analyzed using the GC-TCD instrument. The % yields obtained from Ni-MC and Ni-EDA MC catalysts were 3.54% and 3.86% at a temperature of 873 K, respectively. In the variation of the amount of catalyst, the % yield was obtained for Ni-MC material with a catalyst mass of 0.02 g of 4.37% while Ni-EDA MC obtained % yield of 4.45% with a catalyst mass of 0.03 g. To see the catalyst resistance is done with time variations. The optimum Ni-MC material was tested for 30 minutes with a yield of 13.32%, while the optimum Ni-EDA MC was tested for a period of 40 minutes with a yield of 13.26%.

Abstrak :
Zeolit terstruktur yang menggabungkan mikro- dan mesoporositas disiapkan dengan menggunakan metode desilikasi dalam larutan basa NaOH 0,2 M terhadap dua jenis zeolit ZSM5: ZSM5 komersial tanpa template ? (Si/Al 8,62) dan ZSM5 yang disintesis menggunakan template (Si/Al 25). Pola difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa kristalinitas dan short-range order dalam zeolit yang didesilikasi menggunakan basa tidak mengalami perubahan dibandingkan dengan zeolit awal untuk kedua sampel. Pengukuran permukaan pada zeolit ZSM5 ?tanpa template? menunjukkan bahwa luas permukaan berkurang sebesar 2,33% namun isoterm adsorpsinya dapat dikategorikan ke dalam Tipe IV, yang merupakan karakteristik dari material mesopori. Hal ini didukung dari adanya perubahan pada volume mesopori dari 0,38 cm 3/g menjadi 0,45 cm 3/g, dan distribusi ukuran pori BJH meningkat dari 10 menjadi 18 nm. Di sisi lain, luas permukaan ZSM5 sintesis yang didesilikasi dengan basa meningkat sebesar 8,25%, tetapi kurva isoterm adsorpsinya menjadi Tipe I yang terkait dengan struktur mikropori. Lebih jauh lagi, analisis t-plot menunjukkan bahwa volume mesopori dari ZSM5 sintesis yang didesilikasi dengan basa meningkat sebesar 26%, dari 0,037 cm 3/g menjadi 0,046 cm 3/g, dengan sifat intrinsik zeolit tidak berubah. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan template organik memainkan peranan penting dalam mempertahankan struktur zeolit selama perlakuan menggunakan basa.

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Abstract
Hierarchical zeolites combining micro- and mesoporosity were prepared using desilication method in alkaline solution of NaOH 0.2 M on two types of ZSM5: ?template free? commercial ZSM5 (Si/Al 8.62) and ?templated? as-synthesized ZSM5 (Si/Al 25). The powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that crystallinity and short-range order in the alkaline treated zeolites were virtually unchanged compared to both of the parent zeolites. The surface measurement on the template free ZSM5 zeolites showed that the surface area was reduced by 2.33%, but the adsorption isotherm can be categorized into Type IV which is typical of for mesoporous material, supported by the change in mesopore volume, and the BJH pore size distribution (from 10 to 18 nm). On the other hand, the surface area of the alkaline treated as-synthesized ZSM5 was increased by 8.25%, but its isotherm adsorption curve falls into Type I for microporous structure. The mesopore volume was increased by 26%, from 0.037 cm 3/g to 0.046 cm 3/g, with the intrinsic zeolite properties were mainly preserved. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the existence of organic template plays an important role in preserving the zeolitic structure during the alkaline treatment.

Abstrak :
Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) is an interesting mesoporous silica material with highly ordered nanopores and a large surface area. Due to its unique properties, this material has been widely employed in many areas. This study aimed to predict the number of nanopores per gram of SBA-15 material based on an optimum value of surfactant addition at the desired number of nanopores. For this purpose, SBA-15 was synthesized via a sol-gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) as a precursor and pluronic P123 triblock copolymer surfactant (EO20PO70EO20, EO = ethylene oxide, PO = propylene oxide) as a template. There were five different surfactant concentrations, namely 0.35, 2.50, 2.70, 3.00, and 3.30 millimoles, used with a fixed concentration of TEOS. The characterization was performed using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), adsorption-desorption (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the surfactant concentration did not affect the crystal structure, although an increase in the surfactant concentration linearly correlated with an increase in the surface area. The shape and size of the pore diameter tends to be approximately 3 nm, as characterized using BET adsorption-desorption. The optimum concentration of surfactant for the formation of mesoporous SBA-15 material was 2.70 millimoles. The value obtained in this study was in accordance with the calculated value, indicating that the theoretical calculations can be used to experimentally predict the number of pores.

Abstrak :
Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) is an interesting mesoporous silica material with highly ordered nanopores and a large surface area. Due to its unique properties, this material has been widely employed in many areas. This study aimed to predict the number of nanopores per gram of SBA-15 material based on an optimum value of surfactant addition at the desired number of nanopores. For this purpose, SBA-15 was synthesized via a sol-gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) as a precursor and pluronic P123 triblock copolymer surfactant (EO20PO70EO20, EO = ethylene oxide, PO = propylene oxide) as a template. There were five different surfactant concentrations, namely 0.35, 2.50, 2.70, 3.00, and 3.30 millimoles, used with a fixed concentration of TEOS. The characterization was performed using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), adsorption-desorption (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the surfactant concentration did not affect the crystal structure, although an increase in the surfactant concentration linearly correlated with an increase in the surface area. The shape and size of the pore diameter tends to be approximately 3 nm, as characterized using BET adsorption-desorption. The optimum concentration of surfactant for the formation of mesoporous SBA-15 material was 2.70 millimoles. The value obtained in this study was in accordance with the calculated value, indicating that the theoretical calculations can be used to experimentally predict the number of pores.