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Abstrak :
The management of natural resources is authorized with local regulations when dealing with forest community and legal law including some parties from outside of particular forest area. The two contrasts between the local and national regulations have frequently taken place as result of conflict of interest. Therefore some questions arise: how is the development of such conservation areas meet with the local regulation or adat? Is the activity to make use of the resources by the community remains possible? To response to the question the writer would like to argue that assessment of how a national park management interact with local regulations and hak ulayat or communal rights, one should aware of the contexts of their interaction as well as the following aspects: historical, adat law, economical, institutional and the dynamic of local politics. These have to be emphasized since the national park policy in Indonesia can be seen as the manifestation of state territorialization which results in the marginalization of adat community. All parties' interests in natural resources are consider as national citizen and legally authorized to manage or exploit the resources inside the country's territory. Cases from the four national parks observed concluded that even when they live in around the parkas indigenous, they are not automatically awarded their traditional rights or access to make use of the parks.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini memaparkan bahwa kecamatan Rungkut, Surabaya mendapatkan perhatian khusus melalui adanya zonasi parkir sebagai teritorialisasi untuk meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Zonasi parkir di Kecamatan Rungkut tidak memiliki dampak. Zonasi parkir parkir tetap berjalan tetapi dihadapkan dengan munculnya penguasa dan parkir tidak resmi. Di sisi lain, Pemerintah Kota mendorong kelompok parkir tidak resmi untuk diresmikan tetapi Pemerintah Kota Surabaya absen dalam hal teknis. Zonasi parkir dianggap sentralistik tetapi munculnya kelompok parkir etnis Madura di aras lokal menjadi tandingan bagi anggapan tersebut. Dari latar belakang saya menggunakan teritorialisasi negara untuk membedah zonasi parkir. Saya berargumentasi bahwa zonasi parkir merupakan praktik teritorialisasi negara yang pada penjelasannya menyanggah teritorialisasi berjalan sentralistik. Perlu untuk menempatkan diskusi ini dalam konteks lokal atau berbasis etnisitas sehingga menghasilkan sintesa bahwa negara kurang mapan dalam membentuk teritori bagi zonasi parkir lantaran arus peranan etnisitas dalam konteks kelompok usaha parkir etnis Madura di Kecamatan Rungkut yang begitu kuat. Kurang mapannya teritori diikuti dengan adanya akses dan relasi kuasa oleh kelompok etnis Madura dalam penguasaan wilayah yang formal dan informal sehingga membuat ruang kelompok lainnya menjadi terbatas. Berbagai mekanisme akses muncul disini. Saya mendiskusikan mereka yang mampu mengontrol maupun mempertahankan akses sebagai upaya dalam melakukan strategi bertahan. Metode etnografi memungkinkan untuk eksplorasi tentang relasi kuasa, jaringan sosial dan etnisitas. Selanjutnya, saya mempertanyakan mengapa lahan parkir terkonsentrasi pada kelompok parkir etnis Madura. Saya menjawabnya dengan memaparkan dari kelompok parkir yang memenangkan distribusi akses dan melihat kelompok ini mendistribusikan demi keuntungan kelompok.This thesis explained that Rungkut sub-district, Surabaya, received special attention through the existence of zoned parking as territorialization to increase Own-Source Revenue. Zoned Parking in Rungkut Subdistrict have no impact. Zoned Parking continues to run but is faced with the emergence of rulers and unofficial parking. On the other hand, the city government pushed for unofficial parking to be inaugurated but Municipal Administration was absent in technical matters. Zoned parking is considered a centralistic assumption, but the emergence of Madurese ethnic parking groups at the local level is a match for this assumption. From the background I used territorialization state to zoned parking. I argue that zoned parking is a practice of territorialization of the state which, in its pursuit, denies territoriality to be centralized. It is necessary to place this discussion in a local context or based on ethnicity so as to produce a synthesis that the country is less well established in the territory for parking zoning because of the role of ethnicity in the context of the Madurese ethnic parking group in Rungkut District which is so strong. The lack of well-established territory is followed by access and power relations by Madurese ethnic groups in formal and informal territorial control, which makes the other group space limited. Various access mechanisms appear here. Here I discuss those who are able to control and maintain access as an effort to carry out a defense strategy. Ethnographic methods allow for exploration of power relations, social networks and ethnicity. Next, I questioned why parking lots were concentrated in the ethnic Madurese parking group. I answered it by presenting the life history of the parking group who winner the access distribution and saw this group distributing it for group profits.