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"Telah dilakukan investigasi baja JIS S45C hasil difusi paska pelapisan HVOF thermal spray coating. Studi mempelajari pengaruh pemanasan terhadap pada hasil pelapisan menggunakan teknik mikroskop optik, SEM, XRF dan XRD. Dari hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa paska pemanasan pada temperatur tinggi (1000-1200°C) dalam durasi waktu yang relatif lama (2-26 jam) terbentuk lapisan antarmuka (interface) antar permukaan base metal dan material pelapis melalui mekanisme difusi seiring peningkatan temperatur dan waktu, diamati peningkatan lebaran ketebalan lapisan serta perubahan kekerasan akibat pemanasan terutama pada daerah interface.

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Investigations have been conducted JIS S45C steel post the results of diffusion coatings HVOF thermal spray coating. Studies to study the effect of heating on the coating using the techniques of optical microscope, SEM, XRF and XRD. From the observation results indicate that post-heating at high temperature (1000-1200°C) in a relatively long duration (2-26 hours) are formed layer interface between the surface of the base metal and coating materials through the mechanism of the increasing diffusion temperature and time, observed increased width of layer thickness and changes in hardness due to heating, especially in interfaces areas."

"Contents - Alphabetical Listing of paper Titles to NTSC'96 - Tungsten Coatings for Nuclear Fusion Devices - Vacuum Plasma Spray Forming of Tungsten Base Functionally Gradient Composites - Thermal Spray Deposition and Evaluation of Low-Z Coatings - Development of Reliable Spray and Fuse Coatings for Boiler Protection - The High Temperature Erosion/Corrosion Behavior of Industrial Thermally Sprayed Coatings - Thermal Spray Alternatives for Electroplated Chromium - A Study on Thermal Spray Coatings of Recuperators - Energy Absorption Capacity of Thermally Sprayed Aluminium Friction Damper - Applying Traction Coating to Steel Mill Rolls - Ultrasonic Application of Thick Metallic Coatings - The Effect of Spraying Conditions on the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Coatings for Surgical Implants - Influence of Ceramic Content and Additives on the Abrasion Resistance of Arc Sprayed Stainless Steel-TiB2 Coatings - Structure, Properties and Potentials of WC-CO, Cr3C2-NiCr and TiC-Ni-Based Hardmetal-Like Coatings - Microstructure and Properties of WC-CO-Cr Coatings - Characterization of WC-Co Coatings Using HP/HVOF Process - Microstructure and Abrasion Resistance of Plasma Sprayed Cermet Coatings - Characterization of Erosion Resistant Cr3C2-NiCr Plasma Sprayed Coatings - The Utilization of Acetylene and Acetylene Based Gas Mixtures for the HVOF Coating of Chromium Oxide - Improved High Temperature Iron Oxide Based Tribological Coatings - Behavior of Some Tungsten Carbide Coatings in Molten Zinc - Chromium Carbide Coatings Produced With Various HVOF Spray Systems - Cavitation Erosion of HVOF Coatings - Chromium Carbide Coatings for High Temperature Erosion Resistance - Titanium Carbide in Wear Resistant Coatings - Effect of HVOF Gas Velocity and Fuel to Oxygen Ratio on the Wear Properties of Tungsten Carbide Coating - Electrochemical Aging of Thermal Sprayed Zinc Anodes on Concrete - Stainless Steel Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Steel Rebars on Those for the Corrosion Protection of Steel and Reinforced Concrete - International and National Thermal Spray Standards Program With Comment on Those for the Corrosion Protection of Steel and Reinforced Concrete - The Importance of Corrosion on the Erosion-Corrosion Performance of Thermal Spray Ceramic-Metallic Coatings - Use of Combined Plasma Cleaning/Coating Process for the Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Structures - The Mechanical Properties of Combustion-Sprayed Polymers and Blends - Effect of Processing Parameters on the Wear Resistance of Thermally Sprayed Epoxy Coatings - The Effect of Deposition Parameters on the Degradation of Plasma Sprayed Polymer Coatings - Experimental Approach to Adhesion Between an Alumina Plasma-Sp"

"LAPAN saat ini tengah mengembangkan roket berbahan bakar padat dengan diameter 100 mm yang bernama RKX-JOOLPN. Desain nosel roket ini odalah material baja JIS S45C atou ST60 yang dilapisi grafit pejal. Grafit pejal ini diharapkan dapat digantikan oleh material tahan panas yang lebih tipis agar reduksi herat yang terjadi cukup signijikan untuk meningkatkan kinerja roket. Salah satu proses yang dapat menghasilkan material pelapis ini adalah proses thermal spray dengan metode HVOF menggunakan Cr;C:rNiCr yang memiliki sifat ketahm1an aus yang baik pada temperatur tinggi. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh ketebalan terhadap karakteristik !apison Cr;Ct"NiCr hasil HVOF thermal sptay. Karakterisasi yang dilakuknn meliputi karakterisasi substral, karakterisasi serbuk Cr;C2 4 NiCr, serto karakterisasi Japisan yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil penelitian didapat bohwa semakin besar jumlah pass proses HVOF, maka dengan prosedur dan parameter proses yang terkontrol akan semakin lebat lapisan Cr;C2-N!Cr yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian juga membukiikan bahwa proses pelapisan dengan 2 kali pass menghasillwn kekuatan lekat rata-rata tertinggi, yaitu 36,28 MPa dimana penambahan ketebalan dari titik ini memperbesar kemungkinan terjadinya perpatahan disebablron tegangan sisa. Mode perpatahan yang terjadi adalah perpatahan adhesi yang menandakan bahwa tegangan sisa yang dominan menyebabkan kcgogalan adalah tegangan sisa yang dihasilkan pada antar muka subsrat-lapisan"

"Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi berat struktural roket RX-100 adalah dengan memodifikasi material dan proses pembuatan nosel. Nosel dipilih sebagai sasaran pengurangan berat karena nosel menyumbang 30 % dari keseluruhan berat struktur.Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi berat nosel adalah dengan mengganti lapisan grafit masif, yang digunakan sebagai pelindung panas, dengan lapisan WC (Tungsten Carbide) yang diaplikasikan dengan teknik HVOF (High Velocity Oxigen Fuel) thermal spray.Pada makalah ini akan dibahas karakteristik dasar dari material nosel yang dipakai saat ini. Selain itu, juga akan dibahas modifikasi pengujian kekuatan lekatan lapisan, guna memperoleh alat bantu untuk mempermudah pengujian tanpa mengorbankan tingkat presisi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material yang dipakai sebagai nosel roket RX-100 adalah baja S45C. Modifikasi alat bantu pengujian kekuatan lekat lapisan dilakukan dengan menambahkan rantai, yang meningkatkan fleksibilitas dan kemudahan pengujian tanpa mengorbankan tingkat presisi.

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Modification of Bonding Strength Test of WC HVOF Thermal Spray Coating on Rocket Nozzle. One way to reduce structural weight of RX-100 rocket is by modifying the nozzle material and processing. Nozzle is the main target in weight reduction due to the fact that it contributes 30 % to the total weight of the structur.An alternative for this is by substitution of massive graphite, which is currently used as thermal protector in the nozzle, with thin layer of HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) thermal spray layer.This paper presents the characterization of nozzle base material as well as the modification of bonding strength test, by designing additional jig to facilitate testing processes while maintaining level of test accuracy.The results showed that the material used for RX-100 rocket nozzle is confirmed to be S45C steel. Modification of the bonding strength test was conducted by utilizing chains, which improve test flexibility and maintains level of accuracy of the test."

"Proceedings, 15th International Thermal Spray Conference Nice, France, 25-29 May 1998. The 271 papers presented in this two-volume set cover the theory of thermal spray, the properties of coatings, the different spraying processes, their quality control, and their practical application. The conference was organised by the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and five other French organizations, and was co-sponsored by the ASM Thermal Spray SocietySM, The German Welding Society, and the High Temperature Society of Japan. Contents: Oxidation, Wear, and Corrosion Jets and Deposits Properties and characterization Processes and Quality Control Applications Composite Structures Free-Standing Shapes Polymer Coatings Feedstock Spraying Thermal Barriers."

"Proceedings of the 1st International Thermal Spray Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 8-11, 2000. Conference assembled nearly 300 experts from academia, research, and industry from 35 countries to discuss the challenges and opportunities facing the thermal spray community now and into the 21st century."

"Contents : - Quo Vadis Thermal Spraying ? - HVOF-Sprayed Quasicrystal Composite Coatings for Bearing Applications - Functional Ceramic and Metallurgical Coatings on Magnesium Components - Study on Zircon-Based Ceramic Coating for High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Application - Tungsten Coatings for Divertor Wings - Double Doped Ceria Electrolyte Synthesized by Solution Plasma Spraying with Induction Plasma Technology - Replacement for Hard Chrome Plating in Printing Machinery - A contribution to Engine pistons Life Time Improving by Means of Thermal Spray Coatings - Plasma Spraying of Tin on to a Monocrystalline Lithium Fluoride Window - Fabrication and Properties of TiO2 Plioto-Catalytic Coatings by Thermal Spraying with TiO2-AI Agglomerated Powder - XRD and Rietveld Quantitative Pliase Analysis of Radio Frequency Suspension Plasma Sprayed Nano-hydroxyapatite Powders - HVOF Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings: Powders' Melting State and Mechanical Properties - In Vitro Changes on High-Pressure Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite (HA) Caotings - Corrosion Resistant Coatings for Gas Turbine Exhaust Stack Applications - Ceramic Abradable Coatings for Applications up to 1100°C - Production of Superplastic Foils by Thermal Spraying - The Internal Plasma Spraying on Powerful Technology for the Aerospace and Automotive Industries - A Contribution to the Production and Characterization of HVOF coatings for Application in the Petrochemical Field - Process Modelling to Optimise the Structure of Hollow Zirconia Particles for use in Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings - Comparative Study of Different Sealing Methods for Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings - Influence of a Multi-Gas Mixture on the on the Performance of a HPPS Plazjet System for a Thermal Barrier Coating - Effect of Bond Coat Processes and Surface Characteristics on the Failure Mechanism of Thermal Barrier Coatings - Thermal Shock Characteristics of Functionally Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings - Kinetics of Thermally Grown Oxide at Interface Between Thermal Barrier Coatings and MCrAlY Bond Coatings - Reaction Diffusion Behavior of Thermally Sprayed MCrAlY Coatings on Ni-Based Super Alloys - Optimization of Shop Practices for Thermal Barrier Coatings - Removal of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Turbine Blades: A Comparison of Machanical and Chemical Methods - Induction Plasma Synthesis of MoSi2 Ultrafine Powders - Improvements in HVOF Sprayed Cermet Coatings Produced from SHS Powders - Composites Made of Metal Foams With Thermally Sprayed Coatings - Plasma Spray Dissociation ZrSiO4 As The Basis of Forming ZrO2-Mullite Composites from a ZrSiO4 + AI2O3 Mixture - HVOF Sprayed Hydroxyapatite/Titania Composite Coatings - Manufacture of SiC Composite Coatings by HVOF - Hight Temperature Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed ZrB2-SiC Composite Coatings - Abradable Coatings for Low-Temperature Applications - Developments of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings - Properties of Al203 coatings sprayed by HFPD - On the Tailoring of Spray Dried Thermal Spray Powders - Spray Powders and Coatings on the Basis of Titanium Suboxides - A Comparative Study of the Deposition of Chromium Carbide Based Metal Matrix Composites by Axial Plasma Spray, Air Plasma Spray and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel - Heating Effect of Flame Impingement on polymer Coatings - Mechanical Properties of Thermal Spray PEEK Coatings - Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Flame Sprayed Hydroxyapatite/Polymer Composite Coatings - Structure and Thermal Conductivity of Flame Sprayed Polyamide 11 Coatings Filled with AI2O3, AIN and BN Ceramics - Surface Modification of Recycled PET Plate by Particle Implantation and Deposition with Plasma Spraying - Sprayed Composite Coating of High Performance Thermoplastics - Processing and Characterization of Nanostructured Cermet Coatings - Synthesis and Properties of Multimodal WC-12 Co Coatings - Structure and Properties of HVOF Sprayed Amorphous Polymer Matrix Nanocomposite Coatings - Properties of HVOF Sprayed Multi-Scale Polymer/Silica Nanocomposite Coatings - Control of the Injection of an Alumina Suspension Containing Nanograins in a dc Plasma - Cold Sprayed Nanostructured WC-Co - Low Pressure Plasma Spraying of Sol-Gel Al203/SiC Nanocomposite Coatings - Effects of Shock Waves on Impact Velocity of Cold Spray Particles - Optimization of the Cold Spray Process - Kinetic Powder Compaction Applying the Cold Spray Process A Study on Parameters - Experimental Study of Interaction of Supersonic Gas Jet With a Sub"

"Thermal spray is a coating process that provides functional surface to protect or improve the performance of a substrate or component. Almost any kind and form of material can be thermally sprayed which is why thermal spray is used worldwide to provide protection from corrosion, wear, and heat, to restore and repair components, and for a variety of other applications. This reference handbook is the complete guide to thermal spray technology. It covers principles, processes, types of coatings, applications, performance, and testing/analysis. Developed under the guidance of the Thermal Spray Society Training Committee, the handbook provides an excellent introduction and guidebook for those who are new to thermal spray. It also provides enough in-depth coverage and data that it should be of great value to specifiers and users of thermal spray coatings and to thermal spray experts who need additional background in certain areas."

"Contents : - Numerical and Microstructural Investigations of the Bonding Mechanisms in Cold Spraying - High Strain Rate Deformation Phenomena in Explosive Powder Compaction and Cold Gas Spraying - Optimizing the Cold Spray Process - Modeling of Particle-Substrate Adhesive Interaction Under the Cold Spray Process - A Systematic Approach to Material Eligibility for the Cold Spray Process - Particle-Substrate Interactions in Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying - Evaluation Of Coatings Produced Via Kinetic And Cold Spray Processes - Potential Applications of Cold-Spray Technology in Automotive Manufacturing - Development of Cold Gas Sprayed Coatings - Cold Spray Copper Application for Upper Stage Rocket Engine Design - Kinetic Spray of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites For Thermal Management Applications - Effect of Spray Angle on Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spraying - Cold Spraying – Equipment and Application Trends - Automated Cold Spray System: Description of Equipment and Performance Data - Helium Recovery: Design Considerations for Cold Spray Systems - Cold Spray Technology: An Industrial Perspective - Production Coating Cost Comparison - Thermal Spray Solutions For Diesel Engine Piston Rings - Low-Cost High-Performance Coatings Produced by Internal Plasma Spraying for the Production of High Efficiency Engines - Development of Thermal Spray for Automotive Cylinder Bores - 316L – an Alternative to NiCr Bondcoats for Cr2O3-Coatings on Anilox Rolls - Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatings for Molten Metal Environments - Influence of Powder Size in Aluminum Oxide Coatings for Use in the Semiconductor Industry - Intermediate Temperature SOFC Based on Fully Integrated Plasma Sprayed Components - Investigation of the Photocatalytic Efficiencies of Plasma Sprayed Tio2-Fe3O4 Coatings - Protection of Titanium Alloy Surfaces by Thermal Spraying and Laser Treatment - Fabrication of TiO2 Photocatalytic Coatings on PET by Thermal Spraying - Photocatalytic Decomposition of Ammonia by Thermal Sprayed TiO2 Coatings - Optimization of Axial Injection Conditions in a Supersonic Induction Plasma Torch: Application to SOFCs - Methodology for Meeting Standards and Environmental Requirements in Thermal Spraying Hardfacing and Sand Blasting Erosion Resistance of Arc Spray Composite Coatings at High Temperature on Boiler Tubes of Pulverized Coal Fired Power Station - Assessing the Feasibility of Using Diamond as a Reinforced Phase in Metal Matrix Composite Coatings - New Carbide Based Materials for HVOF Spraying - Advanced Oxide Ceramic Coatings for Applications Demanding High Wear Resistance - Development and Application of WC-Cr3C2-Ni Coating with High Impact Resistance - Preparation and Characterization of Powders and Coatings Containing Solid Lubricants - Properties of Plasma and D-Gun Sprayed Metal-Matrix-Composite (MMC) Coatings Based on Ceramic Hard Particle Reinforced Fe-, Ni-aluminide Matrix - Ceramic Coating of Alloy 625 using Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Spraying for Sea Water Corrosion Protection - The Influence of Matrix Phase Viscosity on the Plasma-Spray Deposition Of Silicon-Nitride Composite Coatings - Influence of Rare Earth Elements on the Corrosion Resistance of Fe-Cr-Ni Thermal Sprayed Coatings - Process Temperature-Hardness-Wear Relationships for HVOF-Spraye Nanostructured and Conventional Cermet Coatings - A Parametric Study of an HVOF Process for the Deposition of Nanostructured WC-Co Coatings - Abrasion and Sliding Wear of Nanostructured Ceramic Coatings - Fatigue and Fracture Resistance of Nanostructured Composite System: Chrome Carbide – Hard Oxide Aluminum – Aluminum - Abrasion Wear Behaviour of Plasma and HVOF Sprayed Al2O3-SiC Nanocomposite Coatings - Effect of Powder Composition on the Microstructure and Wear Properties of Sprayed Cast Iron Coatings - Influence of Thermal Spray Process on the Corrosion Behavior of High-Density - Stainless Steel Coatings in Simulated Marine Environment - A New Spray Coating Process for Manufacture of Stainless Steel Clad Construction Steel with Resistance to Corrosion by De-icing Salts & Seawater - HVOF Reactive Spraying of Mechanically Alloyed Ni-Ti-C Powders - Marine Exposure Tests of Thermal Sprayed Coatings in Japan - Development of Dense Corrosion Resistant Coatings By an Improved HVOF Spraying Process - Protection of Steel Components Against Marine Corrosion by Thermally Sprayed Anodic Coatings - Development and Implementation of HVOF WC/Co/Cr Coating as Alternative to Electrolytic Hard Chrome Plate in Landing Gear Applications"

"This proceedings volume representing the second International Thermal Spray Conference (May 2004, Osaka, Japan) contains 232 papers and 93 poster presentations. Arrangement is in sections on applications, characterization methods for coating properties, coating technologies for vehicle engines, cold spray, consumables for thermal spraying, corrosion protection, economics and quality, HVOF processes and materials, innovative equipment and process technology, modeling and simulation, nanostructured materials, photocatalytic materials, process diagnostics, protective coatings against wear and erosion, and thermal barrier coatings."