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Abstrak :
Background: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or pre diabates is not categorized as diabetes yet but blood glucose level is more than normal. IGT is risk factor for diabetes mellitus, Coronary disease and stoke. Methods: In 2009,a cross-sectional study was conducted in DKI Jakarta to follow up 78 subjects, identified as IGT in Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2007. It Aimed to assess the hyperglycemia status of the IGT sbject, wheter developing into diabetes mellitus or becoming normal glucose tolerance or just remained IGT. Results: We found over two years for IGT subjects, 7.2% progressed to diabetes mellitus, 47.8 % remained impaired glucose tolerance,4.3 % changed to impaired fasting glucose and 40.7% reverted to normal gucosse tolerance. Life style and biological factors of the subjects, like body mass index, central obesity, dyslipidemia had no sugnificant difference in years 2009 compared with 2007. In analysis we found waist circumference increased but not significantly difference and Homa-IR(insulin resistance) was higher (p<0.05) in IGT conversed to Diabetes compared to other groups. Recomendations: Stakeholder should make an intervention program for IGT group in order to prevent them becoming diabetes or getting degenerative disease complications.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Gaya hidup ala barat seperti kerap dan banyak mengkonsumsi soft drinks/beverages secara kasat mata terlihat meningkat di masyarakat Indonesia, terutama di kalangan usia muda. Di Amerika Serikat (AS), negara yang mengawali produksi minuman tersebut tercatat peningkatan konsumsi 135% dalam 30 tahun terakhir. Soft drinks/beverages, umumnya menggunakan pemanis tinggi fruktosa (high fructose corn syrup, HFCS). Kekerapan konsumsi tinggi fruktosa menyebabkan peningkatan kejadian toleransi glukosa terganggu (TGT), di sisi lain kekerapan konsumsi dapat diukur dengan indeks fruktosa, yaitu suatu nilai yang diperoleh dari peningkatan kadar asam urat, trigliserid, LDL serta penurunan kadar HDL serum. Metodologi penelitian: Desain penelitian adalah prevalens longitudinal. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan untuk melihat validitas indeks fruktosa sebagai estimasi kekerapan konsumsi tinggi fruktosa serta kadar fruktosa serum, dengan besar sampel 40 subjek yang diseleksi secara random sederhana. Setelah mendapat hasil tersebut, dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2007, dilakukan analisis statistik regresi logistik untuk mengetahui hubungan serta kontribusi konsumsi tinggi fruktosa dengan kejadian TGT pada usia muda. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan konsumsi tinggi fruktosa terfokus pada minuman kemasan berpemanis dengan kejadian TGT pada usia muda setelah mengendalikan faktor-faktor perancu serta mengetahui besar kontribusi konsumsi tersebut terhadap kejadian TGT usia muda. Juga untuk mengetahui prevalens TGT dan konsumsi tinggi fruktosa pada kelompok usia muda di daerah perkotaan Indonesia. Hasil Penelitian: Penelitian pendahuluan mendapatkan bahwa indeks fruktosa dalam mengestimasi kekerapan konsumsi tinggi fruktosa terfokus pada minuman kemasan berpemanis memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas masing-masing sebesar 90%, dengan akurasi test 90%. Prevalens TGT usia muda di Indonesia tahun 2007 adalah 5,7% dan prevalens usia muda yang banyak dan kerap mengkonsumsi tinggi fruktosa sebanyak 20,5%. Setelah mengendalikan faktor-faktor perancu, usia muda yang kerap mengkonsumsi tinggi fruktosa berisiko 1,24 (p=0,000) menderita TGT. Jika konsumsi tinggi fruktosa dalam minuman kemasan berpemanis dapat dikendalikan, maka risiko TGT pada usia muda akan berkurang sebesar 24,3%. ...... Background: Western lifestyle often consumes a lot of sugar sweetened soft drinks/beverages, which at a glimpse seems to be increasing in Indonesian society too, especially among the youngsters. In the US, the pioneer country of soft drink/beverage the increase of consumption by 135% within the last 30 years has been recorded. This has an impact on the increase and higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in that country. According to many references and literatures, sugar sweetened soft drinks/beverages use a high amount of fructose (high fructose corn syrup, HFCS). The frequency of high fructose consumption can be measured with index fructose that is the index which is taken from the increasing level of serum uric acid, serum triglycerides, LDL and the decreasing level of HDL cholesterol serum. Method: The study design is prevalence longitudinal. A preliminary study was conducted to see the validity of the index fructose as an estimation of high fructose consumption frequency and fructose serum levels. Sample size of 40 subjects was selected randomly for the preliminary study. After that a statistical analysis logistic regression was used to determine the influence of high fructose consumption towards the prevalence of IGT at young age in the national community, using national health research (Riskesdas 2007) data. Aim: To determine the influence of high fructose consumption focused on sugar sweetened soft drinks/beverages towards the prevalence of IGT in young age after controlling confounding factors and to determine the magnitude of contribution that consumption has on the IGT in young age. Also to know the prevalence of IGT and the prevalence of high fructose consumption in young age group in Indonesian urban areas. Result: The preliminary study shows that fructose index in estimating the frequency of high fructose consumption focused on sugar sweetened soft drinks/beverages has sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 90% respectively, with 90% accuracy test. Year 2007, prevalence IGT in young age group in Indonesia was 5.7% and the prevalence of high fructose consumption was 20.5%. After controlling for confounding factors, young age group which consumes high fructose have a risk of 1.24 (p = 0.000) higher to suffer from IGT. If the consumption of high fructose is controlled, then the risk of IGT at young age groups will be reduced by 24.5%.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Thalassemia merupakan suatu penyakit gen tunggal yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan pada gen dalam mengontrol produksi protein sehingga sel darah merah akan mudah pecah dan pengikatan oksigen terganggu. Hal ini akan memicu terjadinya anemia dan membutuhkan transfusi darah secara rutin dan seumur hidup. Transfusi darah rutin menyebabkan terjadinya akumulasi besi yang memicu beberapa komplikasi, salah satunya adalah gangguan pada fungsi pankreas. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara profil besi dengan gangguan fungsi pankreas berupa diabetes mellitus dan gangguan toleransi glukosa pada subjek thalassemia mayor. Metode: Desain potong-lintang pada 79 subjek thalassemia mayor di Pusat Thalassemia RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Hasil: Dua 2,53 subjek mengalami gangguan toleransi glukosa dan 77 97,47 subjek dengan nilai toleransi glukosa normal. Nilai median feritin serum pada kelompok gangguan toleransi glukosa yakni 5595,5 2062,0-9199,0 ng/mL sedangkan yang tidak mengalami gangguan toleransi glukosa yakni 3309,0 487,0-11247,0 ng/mL p= 0,574 . Nilai median saturasi transferin pada subjek gangguan toleransi glukosa yakni 76 52-100 sedangkan yang tidak mengalami gangguan toleransi glukosa yakni 89 11-100 p= 0,827 . Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar feritin serum dan saturasi transferin terhadap gangguan fungsi pankreas.

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ABSTRACT
Background Thalassemia is a single gene disease that is caused by defect on gene which controls the protein production that eventually leads to red blood cell lysis and defect on oxygen binding capacity. Therefore, the patient needs regular blood transfusion during his lifetime. Regular blood transfusion causes iron accumulation that leads to complications such as defect on pancreas function. Aim To know the association between iron profile and defect on pancreas function such as diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance in major thallassemia subjects. Methods Cross sectional design on 79 major thalassemia subjects in Thalassemia Center of RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Results Two 2.53 subjects were glucose intolerant and 77 97,47 subject has a normal blood glucose. Median value of serum ferritin level in glucose intolerant subjects was 5595.5 2062,0 9199,0 ng mL meanwhile the median value of serum ferritin level in normal glucose level subjects was 3309.0 487,0 11247,0 ng mL p 0.574 . The median value of transferrin saturation in glucose intolerant patients is 76 52 100 meanwhile the median value of tranferrin saturation level in normal glucose level subjects is 89 11 100 p 0,827 . Conclusion There is no significant association between serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation and defect of pancreas function.

Abstrak :
Kombucha dan tanaman secang masing-masing terbukti dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi obesitas, diabetes, hiperglikemia, dan sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan polifenol pada kombucha dapat menurunkan penyerapan dan sintesis asam lemak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kombinasi efek kombucha secang secana in vivo pada hewan model obesitas yang diinduksi dengan pembedahan ovariektomi. Digunakan tikus galur Sprague-Dawley (n=48) yang secara acak dibagi ke dalam 8 kelompok, kelompok sham, kelompok negatif, kelompok positif (tamoksifen 0,45 mg/200 gram BB), kelompok ekstrak secang (20 mg/200 gram BB), kelompok kombucha (1 mL/200 gram BB), kelompok kombucha secang dosis 1 (1 mL/200 gram BB), kombucha secang dosis 2 (3 mL/200 gram BB), dan kombucha secang dosis 3 (3 mL/200 gram BB 3 kali sehari). Dilakukan pengukuran berat badan, indeks Lee, dan kadar glukosa darah selama penelitian. Efek kombucha secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) sebagai antidiabetes diamati dengan memeriksa kadar glukosa darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombucha secang pada dosis 1 (1 mL/200 gram BB) dapat secara optimal menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.

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Kombucha and sappan plants have each been shown to be used to treat obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and as antioxidants. The content of polyphenols in kombucha can reduce the absorption and synthesis of fatty acids. This study was conducted to determine the combined effects of kombucha secang in vivo on animal models of obesity induced by surgical ovariectomy. Sprague-Dawley strain rats (n=48) were randomly divided into 8 groups, sham group, negative group, positive group (tamoxifen 0.45 mg/200 g BW), secang extract group (20 mg/200 g BW), kombucha group (1 mL/200 g BW), secang kombucha dose 1 (1 mL/200 g BW), secang kombucha dose 2 (3 mL/200 g BW), and secang kombucha dose 3 (3 mL/200 g BW 3 times a day). Body weight, Lee index, and blood glucose levels were measured during the study. The effect of kombucha secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as antidiabetic was observed by checking blood glucose levels. The results showed that kombucha secang at dose 1 (1 mL/200 gram BW) can optimally reduce blood glucose levels.