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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis keberadaaan funding advantage bank besar serta disiplin pasar bank umum di Indonesia. Periode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dari tahun 2003-2013. Melalui penelitian, ditemukan fakta bahwa bank besar mendapatkan funding advantage atas bank kecil. Nilai funding advantage ini meningkat pada periode krisis 2008/2009. Keberadaan funding advantage ditandai dengan lemahnya disiplin pasar pada bank besar dikarenakan adanya perceived government support dari investor. Funding advantage ini tetap ada pada masa explicit guarantee. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa bank pemerintah tidak mendapatkan funding advantage.

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ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the existence of funding advantage of big bank and market discipline of commercial bank in Indonesia. The study period used is from 2003-2013. Based on the research result, author found the fact that big bank enjoy funding advantage over small bank. This advantage higher when global crisis in 2008/2009. The existence of funding advantage indicated by the weak market discipline for big bank because of perceived government support by investor. This funding advantage exist even under explicit guarantee. The author also found that government banks don’t enjoy funding advantage."

"ABSTRAKTermotivasi dari debat mengenai konsolidasi bank dan prediksi mengenaihubungan konsentrasi perbankan dan stabilitas bank, penelitian inimenginvestigasi pengaruh konsentrasi industri perbankan terhadap stabilitas bankdi Indonesia periode 2005-2012. Dengan menggunakan random effect model,terbukti bahwa konsentrasi industri perbankan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikanterhadap stabilitas bank. Hasil tersebut sesuai dengan teori concentration-fragility.Namun, hubungan tersebut ternyata hanya terjadi pada ukuran bank besar dimanamengindikasikan terdapat perilaku Too-Big-To-Fail (TBTF) pada bank-bankbesar di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTMotivated by the debate regarding the consolidations of banks and conflictingpredictions about the relationship between bank concentration and bankingstability, this research investigates the effect of concentration in banking industrytowards banking stability in Indonesia during 2005-2012 period. By using randomeffect model, it is proven that there is significantly negative effect ofconcentration in banking industry to banking stability. Those results are consistentwith the concentration-fragility theory. However, this result only accured on bigbanks which indicates the Too-Big-To-Fail (TBTF) behavior on big banks inIndonesia."

"ABSTRAKMakalah ini berdasarkan studi kasus berjudul ldquo;The Great Recession, 2007-2010: Causes and Consequences rdquo; tentang Krisis Keuangan Global yang terjadi pada tahun 2007 hingga 2010. Saya akan menjawab tiga pertanyaan berdasarkan materi yang dipelajari dikelas dan penelitian online. Makalah ini akan menjelaskan tentang peran keputusan yang tidak etis dalam krisis keuangan global, lembaga keuangan yang terlalu besar untuk gagal, dan bail-out lembaga keuangan yang gagal. Kata kunci:Krisis keuangan global, penyebab, akibat, tidak etis, lembaga keuangan, terlalu besar untuk gagal, bailout.

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ABSTRACT

The Great Recession, 2007-2010: Causes and Consequences rsquo; about the Global Financial Crisis in 2007 to 2010. We have to answer the three questions from what we learned in class and online research. This assignment will explain about the role of unethical decision in causing global financial crisis, too-big-too-fail financial institutions, and bail-out of failing financial institutions. Key words:Global financial crisis, causes, consequences, unethical, financial institutions, too-big-to-fail, bailouts."

"Terjadinya krisis global tahun 2008 dan rencana integrasi keuangan ASEAN pada tahun 2020 menjadikan perbankan sebagai salah satu industri penting yang mendapat perhatian dari para regulator. Hal ini menjadi semakin penting, mengingat adanya sifat natural sistemik yang dimiliki industri perbankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah kegagalan sebuah bank mampu berdampak atau berkontribusi pada risiko sistemik (industri) maupun risiko sistematik (pasar) di 5 negara ASEAN. Dengan data gabungan 5 negara, tidak terbukti risiko kebangkrutan bank berdampak pada risiko sistemik, namun dapat berdampak sistematik. Selain itu, ditunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi pada analisis tiap-tiap negara. Namun, faktor makroekonomi secara konsisten berkontribusi pada risiko sistemik maupun risiko sistematik di seluruh negara.

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Due to the global financial crisis in 2008 and the “ASEAN financial integration” plan in 2020, regulators have began to show special attention to banking industry. This becomes increasingly important, given the natural systemic of banking industry. This research aimed to investigate the effect of bank default risk on systemic and systematic risk in 5 ASEAN countries. The results showed that for the combined data of 5 ASEAN countries, there was no evidence that bank default risk could affect systemic risk, though it tends to be systematic. Moreover, it was shown varying results on the analysis for each country. Though, macroeconomic factors consistently contributed on both systemic and systematic risks for each countries."

"Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh faktor makroekonomi; yaitu perubahan GDP, perubahan real lending rate (BI rate), dan perubahan sovereign debt to GDP; dan pengaruh faktor spesifik bank, yaitu bad management, skimping, diversification opportunity, too big to fail, bad management II, procyclical credit policy, tight control terhadap perubahan NPL di Indonesia. Observasi dilakukan terhadap 105 bank umum yang diakui oleh BI di Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2003-2011 secara kuartal. Data yang digunakan merupakan data panel yang bersumber dari Datastream, Eikon, dan laporan keuangan perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan model estimasi First Difference Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), didapatkan hasil bahwa perubahan GDP, perubahan sovereign debt to GDP, skimping, diversification opportunity, bad management II, dan tight control (untuk ownership concentration lebih dari 25% hingga 50%) secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap perubahan NPL. Di sisi lain perubahan real lending rate (BI rate), too big to fail, dan tight control (untuk ownership concentration lebih dari 10% hingga 25% dan lebih dari 50%) secara signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap perubahan NPL. Sedangkan bad management dan procyclical credit policy tidak secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan NPL.

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This research examines the effect of macroeconomic factors, such as GDP growth, real lending rate (BI rate) growth, and change in sovereign debt to GDP; and the effect of bank-specific factors, such as bad management, skimping, diversification opportunity, too big to fail, bad management II, procyclical credit policy, tight control to the change of NPL in Indonesia. Observation is done to 105 bank in Indonesia within period of 2003-2011. By using panel data of macroeconomic and bank-specific factors from Datastream, Eikon, and financial report. By using First Difference Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation model, research finds that GDP growth, change in sovereign debt to GDP, skimping, diversification, bad management II, dan tight control (for ownership concentration more than 25% until 50%) has negative effect on the change in NPL. In other side, real lending rate (BI rate) growth, too big to fail, and tight control (for ownership concentration more than 10% until 25% and more than 50%) has positive effect on the change in NPL. It also discovers that bad management and procyclical credit policy has no effect on the change in NPL."