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"ABSTRAKTesis ini menganalisis kasus penghindaran pajak dan profit shifting dengan skema transfer pricing, thin capitalization oleh Starbucks Corporation. Kasus yang dipilih dianalisis struktur penghindaran pajaknya dan dianalisis apakah upaya-upaya/aturan-aturan pajak yang ada di Indonesia saat ini dapat mencegah struktur penghindaran pajak seperti yang dilakukan oleh Starbucks Corporation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur penghindaran pajak dan transfer pricing yang dilakukan oleh Starbucks Corporation dan menganalisis peraturan apa yang dapat diterapkan oleh otoritas pajak Indonesia bila kasus seperti Starbucks ini terjadi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Starbucks Corporation melakukan profit shifting dengan melakukan mark up harga kopi, thin capitalization melalui bunga pinjaman yang tinggi antar grup perusahaan, biaya royalti dan dari penelitian ini dihasilkan kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan dan aturan pajak yang ada di Indonesia cukup dapat mengatasi struktur penghindaran pajak dengan skema seperti yang dilakukan oleh Starbucks Corporation namun perlu ditambahkan aturan yang mengatur tentang rate valuation royalty.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis is an analysis of tax avoidance case and profit shifting Starbucks Corporation. The selected case analyzed its tax avoidance structure and analyzed whether current tax measures in Indonesia could prevent tax avoidance structures such as that of Starbucks Corporation. This study aims to analyze the structure of tax avoidance and transfer pricing conducted by Starbucks Corporation and analyze what regulations can be applied by Indonesian tax authorities if such cases occur in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research with literature study approach. The results of the study found that Starbucks Corporation made profit shifting by marking up the price of coffee, thin capitalization through high lending rates between group companies, royalty fees and from this study resulted the conclusion that the existing tax policies and policies in Indonesia enough to overcome the structure of tax evasion with a scheme like the one done by Starbucks Corporation but it is necessary to add rules governing rate valuation royalty. "

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai peran tax haven dalam penghindaran pajak lintas batas negara berupa kriteria dari tax haven, skema penghindaran pajak melalui tax haven, kebijakan pemerintah dan OECD dalam penanganan fenomena tax haven. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tax haven merupakan fenomena ekonomi global yang menerapkan tarif pajak yang rendah bahkan nol persen, tidak transparan, dan kerahasiaan finansial sehingga tax haven digunakan sebagai alat untuk penghindaran pajak lintas batas negara. Untuk meminimalisir terjadinya penghindaran pajak ke negara tax haven perlu dibuat peraturan domestik yang mengatur lebih jelas mengenai tax haven serta perlunya kebijakan dari OECD untuk tax haven. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar Indonesia membuat daftar negara tax haven beserta kriteri-kriteria negara tersebut dikatakan sebagai tax haven dan perlunya ketegasan OECD dalam menghadapi tax haven.

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This research discussed the role of the tax haven of cross-border tax evasion in the form of a tax haven criteria, tax evasion schemes through tax haven, and government policy in tackling the phenomenon of the OECD tax haven. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive design. The research concluded that the tax haven is a global economic phenomenon which applies a low tax rate even zero percent, not transparent, and financial secrecy that tax haven used as a tool for cross-border tax evasion country. To minimize the occurrence of tax evasion to tax haven countries need to make domestic rules governing clearer idea of a tax haven and the need for policies from the OECD tax haven. The results of this study suggest that Indonesia has made a list of countries with tax haven countries criteria are said to be a tax haven and the need for firmness in dealing with the OECD tax haven."

"ABSTRACTThe increase of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was improved greatly year to date in our country. Despite of the positive development, there was anomalous condition in Indonesia. On the one side, the Indonesian government seriously done huge efforts to increase FDI realization with special facilities, but on the other side, many foreign companies in terms of Foreign Investment Company did not pay Corporate Income Tax and file Income Tax Return which shown a tax loss for long times. Those anomalous phenomenon was occured hypothetically due to the practice of tax avoidance by those companies policy. This research aim to capture practice of tax avoidance by the Foreign Investment Company. The research methods using qualitative instrument and participa­tory observations. Qualitative instrument includes indepth interview with the key informants. This research result indicates there are five practices of tax avoidance which commonly performed through a scheme of transfer pricing, thin capitalization, treaty shopping, controlled foreign corpo­ration (CFC), and the use of tax heaven countries. Those tax avoidance practice was occured by using the loopholes of Indonesian tax regulation. Another result of this research also depicts our understanding on the close relationship between subsidiary company with its parent company abroad. For further research as theoritical implication, next researcher should be able to combine quantiative as well as qualitative method in order to have robust research result and rigor recommendation. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh perbedaan tarif pajak antar negara terhadap penggunaan praktik transfer pricing dan thin capitalization untuk penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga menguji pengaruh karakteristik sistem perpajakan negara terhadap penggunaan praktik transfer pricing dan thin capitalization. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menguji praktik transfer pricing dalam konteks makro atau hanya menguji transaksi penjualan, penelitian ini menguji transaksi yang lebih komprehensif, yaitu penjualan, pembelian, biaya jasa manajemen, dan pendapatan jasa manajemen ke pihak berelasi. Penelitian atas praktik thin capitalization dilakukan pada transaksi utang dan piutang berbunga jangka panjang ke pihak berelasi. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel anak perusahaan multinasional di 10 negara berkembang Asia pada periode 2010-2014. Sampel yang dipilih adalah perusahaan yang memiliki kepemilikan asing minimal 20% dan tidak memiliki anak  perusahaan atau hanya memiliki anak perusahaan lokal.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pajak antar negara mendorong penggunaan praktik transfer pricing pada transaksi pembelian, biaya jasa manajemen, dan pendapatan jasa manajemen namun tidak terbukti pada transaksi penjualan. Penelitian ini tidak dapat membuktikan bahwa perbedaan pajak antar negara dapat mendorong penggunaan praktik thin capitalization pada transaksi utang berbunga jangka panjang. Hal ini kemungkinan karena perusahaan menggunakan skema back to back loan atau parallel loan dalam melakukan pinjaman sehingga pinjaman dari pihak berelasi tidak bisa ditelusuri. Pada penelitian ini, penelusuran atas transaksi piutang berbunga jangka panjang menunjukkan bahwa hanya 2% dari observasi memiliki nilai transaksi piutang lebih besar daripada nol yang kemungkinan disebabkan perusahaan menggunakan skema back to back loan atau parallel loan sehingga pemberian piutang ke pihak berelasi tidak dapat terdeteksi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem Worldwide Income terbukti dapat memperlemah penggunaan praktik transfer pricing pada mayoritas transaksi yaitu transaksi penjualan, pembelian, dan biaya jasa manajemen, namun tidak terbukti mencegah praktik thin capitalization pada transaksi utang berbunga jangka panjang. Aturan specific anti-avoidance rule (SAAR) untuk transfer pricing terbukti meningkatkan efektifitas penegakan hukum pajak dalam mencegah praktik transfer pricing pada transaksi penjualan, namun tidak terbukti pada transaksi pembelian, biaya jasa manajemen, dan pendapatan jasa manajemen. Aturan specific anti-avoidance rule untuk thin capitalization tidak terbukti mencegah praktik thin capitalization. Penegakan hukum pajak yang tinggi terbukti membuat aturan SAAR menjadi lebih efektif mencegah praktik transfer pricing pada transaksi penjualan dan pembelian, namun tidak terbukti pada transaksi jasa manajemen. Aturan general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) tidak terbukti memperlemah praktik transfer pricing dan thin capitalization.

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This study aims to examine the effect of tax rate differences on transfer pricing and thin capitalization practices for corporate tax avoidance. This study also examined the effect of the characteristics of the taxation system on the use of transfer pricing and thin capitalization practices. In contrast to previous studies that tested the practice of transfer pricing in the macro context or only testing sales transactions, this study examined in more comprehensive transactions, namely sales, purchases, management service fee, and management service revenues to related parties. Research on the practice of thin capitalization is carried out on long-term interest-bearing loan and receivables transactions to related parties. This study takes a sample of multinational subsidiaries in ten Asian developing countries over a period of 2010-2014. The sample selected are companies that have at least 20% foreign ownership and does not have a subsidiary or only has a local subsidiary.The results show that the tax differences between countries encourage the use of transfer pricing practices in purchase, management service fee, and management service revenue transactions but are not proven in sales transactions. This study cannot prove that tax differences between countries encourage the use of the practice of thin capitalization in long-term interest-bearing loan transactions. This is probably because the company uses a back to back loan or parallel loan scheme in giving loans so that loans from related parties cannot be traced. In this study, tracing of long-term interest receivable transactions shows that only 2% of observations have the value of transaction receivables greater than zero, which may be caused by the company using a back to back loan or parallel loan scheme so that the receivables from related parties cannot be detected.The results show that the worldwide income system is proven to weaken the use of transfer pricing practices in the majority of transactions, namely sales, purchase, and management service fees, but it is not proven to prevent the practice of thin capitalization in long-term interest-bearing debt transactions. The specific anti-avoidance rule (SAAR) for transfer pricing is proven to increase the effectiveness of tax law enforcement in preventing transfer pricing practices in sales transactions, but not proven in purchasing transactions, management service fees, and management service revenues. The specific anti-avoidance rule for thin capitalization is not proven to prevent the practice of thin capitalization. High tax enforcement is proven to make SAAR rules more effective in preventing the transfer pricing practice in sales and purchase transactions, but not proven in management services transactions. The general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) is not proven to weaken the practice of transfer pricing and thin capitalization."