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"A series of cyclic triaxial tests at very low frequency was carried out on unsaturated clean sand in order to quantitatively investigate the influence of the degree of saturation on dynamic response. The conventional triaxial testing apparatus, which is usually used on saturated soil, was employed to test the unsaturated soil with the additional pore air pressure controller. During the series of tests, four different degrees of saturation level (Sr = 55%, 70%, 85%, 98%) were applied to the soil specimen based on a single value of effective confining pressure (?’3). The results revealed that the application of cyclic loading at a very low frequency occurring continuously triggered the decrease of soil resistance. For degree saturation, Sr = 55% revealed that the resistance of soil was stronger in comparison to another level. Furthermore, the experimental results confirmed that applied cyclic loading induced a change in saturation level before and after testing. In addition, at a certain level of saturation, a phenomenon of settlements was likely to occur and the soil specimen then underwent liquefaction."

"Penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh penambahan gula terhadap perilaku mekanis tanah bergradasi celah, khususnya campuran pasir dan kerikil, dalam kondisi pengujian triaksial. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mengeksplorasi hipotesis bahwa gula dapat meningkatkan pengikatan struktur mikro dalam tanah dengan gradasi celah, sehingga berpotensi mengubah sifat mekaniknya. Rancangan percobaan yang komprehensif digunakan, yang mencakup analisis saringan untuk menentukan distribusi ukuran partikel, uji kepadatan kering untuk memastikan karakteristik pemadatan tanah, dan analisis perilaku tegangan-regangan untuk mengamati respon mekanis tanah yang terkena beban. Penerapan diagram lingkaran Mohr memainkan peran penting dalam mengevaluasi kohesi tanah dan sudut gesekan. Temuan uji sel triaksial menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gula memang mempengaruhi perilaku mekanis tanah. Meskipun tekanan sel konstan yang diterapkan selama pengujian membatasi penilaian respons tegangan dinamis, hasilnya menunjukkan perbedaan nyata dalam kurva tegangan-regangan dan turunan lingkaran Mohr ketika membandingkan spesimen yang diberi gula dengan kontrol. Hasil-hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa gula berkontribusi terhadap kinerja mekanis tanah, mendukung hipotesis awal bahwa gula dapat membantu menstabilkan struktur mikro tanah dengan gradasi celah selama pembebanan triaksial.

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This research investigates the effects of sugar addition on the mechanical behaviour of gap-graded soils, specifically mixtures of sand and gravel, under triaxial testing conditions. The primary objective is to explore the hypothesis that sugar can enhance the binding of microstructures within gap-graded soils, potentially altering their mechanical properties. A comprehensive experimental design was employed, which included sieve analysis to determine particle size distribution, dry density tests to ascertain the soil's compaction characteristics, and stress-strain behaviour analysis to observe the mechanical response of the soil under load. The application of Mohr circle diagrams played a pivotal role in evaluating the soil's cohesion and friction angle. The findings of the triaxial cell tests suggest that sugar addition does indeed influence the soil's mechanical behaviour. While the constant cell pressure applied during the tests limited the assessment of dynamic stress responses, the results indicated a noticeable difference in the stress-strain curves and the derived Mohr circles when comparing the sugar-amended specimens to the control. These outcomes suggest that sugar contributes to the soil's mechanical performance, supporting the initial hypothesis that sugar can aid in stabilizing the microstructure of gap-graded soils during triaxial loading."