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"[ABSTRAKPropolis telah terbukti sebagai herbal yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penambahan lilin propolis dalam suatu produk kosmetik ini akan meningkatkan manfaat dari segi antimikroba. Lilin propolis terbukti efektif dalam menginhibisi jamur Candida albicans hingga 76% pada konsentrasi 79,43 mg/mL. Lilin propolis dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan menjadi bahan aktif sediaan sabun cair yang diperuntukkan untuk membersihkan mikroogranisme dalam tubuh manusia. Untuk menghantarkan aktivitas tersebut, sabun dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan sabun cair yang efektif untuk menghilangkan kotoran pada permukaan kulit dalam fase air atau minyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan formula sabun cair yang memiliki sifat fisik dan stabilitas terbaik serta teruji sifat fisika dan kimianya. Propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose akan diformulasikan menjadi sebuah sediaan sabun cair menggunakan metode saponifikasi. Pada masing – masing formula, dilakukan jumlah variasi pengental hydroxyethylcellulose dan lilin propolis untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap stabilitas sediaan. Formula yang lulus uji stabilitas kemudian akan diuji kemampuan sifat fisika dan kimianya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula lilin propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose 1,5 : 1,5 (%v/w) merupakan formula dengan stabilitas fisik terbaik. Lilin propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose terbukti tidak mampu bekerja secara tunggal untuk menghasilkan sediaan sabun cair yang stabil. Sabun cair lilin propolis dan pengental hydroxyethylcellulose ini teruji stabilitas fisika dan kimia sesuai dengan standar SNI.

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ABSTRACTPropolis wax have been reported to have antibacterial activity. The addition of propolis wax will be the latest breakthrough in the preparation of cosmetic product given propolis wax contain antimicrobial substances. Propolis wax proven effective in inhibit the fungus Candida albicans reached 76% in the concentration of 79.43 mg/mL. The herbs can be developed as antibacterial liquid soap. In order to deliver the biological activity, soap is produced as liquid soap that effective to remove dirt on the skin surface either water soluble or fat soluble. This study aims to create the best liquid soap formulation with great physical characteristics and stability, also proved in its physical and chemical properties. Each propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was formulated into a liquid soap using saponification method. There was a variation amount of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose in each formulation to investigate its effect on stability. The proven formula with greatest stability was continued to undergo with the test of physical and chemical properties. Result of this study showed that formula with ratio of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose 1,5 : 1,5 (%w/v) was found to be the best. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was investigated can’t work as a single material to produce stable liquid soap. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose liquid soap showed physical and chemical stability appropriate with SNI., Propolis wax have been reported to have antibacterial activity. The addition of propolis wax will be the latest breakthrough in the preparation of cosmetic product given propolis wax contain antimicrobial substances. Propolis wax proven effective in inhibit the fungus Candida albicans reached 76% in the concentration of 79.43 mg/mL. The herbs can be developed as antibacterial liquid soap. In order to deliver the biological activity, soap is produced as liquid soap that effective to remove dirt on the skin surface either water soluble or fat soluble. This study aims to create the best liquid soap formulation with great physical characteristics and stability, also proved in its physical and chemical properties. Each propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was formulated into a liquid soap using saponification method. There was a variation amount of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose in each formulation to investigate its effect on stability. The proven formula with greatest stability was continued to undergo with the test of physical and chemical properties. Result of this study showed that formula with ratio of propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose 1,5 : 1,5 (%w/v) was found to be the best. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose was investigated can’t work as a single material to produce stable liquid soap. Propolis wax and emulsifier hydroxyethylcellulose liquid soap showed physical and chemical stability appropriate with SNI.]"

"Dalam formulasi obat, pembawa obat (drug carrier) memegang peranan penting karena diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas obat dan keamanan. Di lain pihak, dapat menurunkan efek samping bila digunakan dalam waktu lama. Salah satu bahan pembawa obat yang sedang dikembangkan akhir-akhir ini adalah liposom. Liposom dengan formulasi EPCTEL 2,5 yang berasal dari fosfatidilkolin kuning telur dan Tetra Eter Lipid 2,5 mol % telah terbukti menunjukkan distribusi dalam organ yang lebih baik.2 Akan tetapi, stabilitas liposom tersebut secara kimia belum pernah diuji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji stabilitas liposom EPC-TEL 2,5 yang telah disonikasi dan diberikan larutan MgCl2 350 mOsmol pH 7. Parameter yang dilihat adalah ukuran diameter liposom ≤100 nm dan >100 nm. Liposom dikatakan stabil bila ukuran diameter tidak berubah jumlahnya setelah pemaparan larutan MgCl2 dari waktu ke waktu. Hasil dan kesimpulan yang didapatkan pada uji ini adalah jumlah liposom sonikasi tidak stabil pada diameter ≤100 sampai akhir penelitian. Sedangkan jumlah liposom pada diameter >100 tidak dilakukan perhitungan analisis data karena data jumlah liposom diameter >100 pada hari ke-0 tidak ada.1-3

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Stability Test of Sonication Liposome Tetra Eter Lipid (EPC-TEL 2,5) with MgCL2 350 mOsmol PH 7 Exposure at 40 Celcius. Drug delivery in drug formulation have an important role because it will increase drugs effectivity and safety. On the other side, also decrease drug’s side effect if it is used for a long time. Recently, one of drug carrier products which is developed is liposome. Liposome with EPC-TEL 2,5 formulation from egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine and Tetra Eter Lipid 2,5 mol % has been proved to show better distribution in organs.2 But, the stability of liposome is never tested chemically. This research main purpose is to test liposome EPC-TEL 2,5 stability after it given sonication and exposed with MgCL2 350 mOsmol pH 7. The object to analyze is only liposome with ≤ 100 nm and > 100 nm diameter. It will be clasified as stable if the diameter doesn’t change after exposed with MgCL2 from time to time. The result and conclusion from this test is the amounts of sonication liposome isn’t stable in diameter ≤ 100 until the end of researching. While, the amounts of sonication liposome in diameter > 100 wasn’t counted data analysis because there is nothing the amounts of liposome diameter >100 at the first researching.1-3"

"Vitamin A, C, dan E seringkali digunakan dalam formulasi kosmetik karena berbagai macam manfaatnya bagi kecantikan, baik sebagai antioksidan, pemutih, dan peremaja kulit. Salah satu bentuk sediaan yang menggunakan vitamin sebagai zat aktifnya adalah serum kosmetik. Vitamin tersebut merupakan senyawa yang kurang stabil sehingga diperlukan suatu formulasi yang dapat menjaga kestabilan vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis stabilitas kimia vitamin A, C, dan E dan memperoleh formulasi serum vitamin A, C, dan E yang stabil. Serum dibuat berupa emulsi minyak dalam air menggunakan emulsifier baru, campuran asam 2-oktadekanoloksipropana-1,2,3-trikarboksilat dan asam 2- (steariloksi)propanoat (84:16). Dibuat 3 formulasi dengan 3 variasi vitamin C glukosida yaitu 1%, 2% dan 3%, dan konsentrasi konstan 0,11% vitamin A asetat dan 0,1% vitamin E asetat untuk setiap formulasi. Uji stabilitas dilakukan pada 3 kondisi penyimpanan, yaitu 40oC selama 31 hari, 28oC ±2oC pada tempat terbuka, dan 28oC ±2oC pada tempat tertutup yang gelap, keduanya selama 33 hari. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara pengecekan pH dan analisis kadar menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi dengan kolom C8, fase gerak metanol-air (97:3), laju alir 1,0 ml/menit, dan panjang gelombang analisis 287 nm. Hasil uji stabilitas menujukkan bahwa degradasi vitamin A asetat, C glukosida, dan E asetat mengikuti orde reaksi pertama, dan formulasi 3 yang disimpan pada suhu ruang di tempat gelap tertutup memberikan shelf-life terlama yaitu 54 hari.

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Vitamin A, C, dan E are often used in cosmetic formulations because of their many advantage for beauty: as an antioxidant, as whitening agent, and as skin youthful agent. One of the preparations using vitamin as its active substance is cosmetic serum. Vitamin is an unstable substance, therefore it need a formulation that can keep its stability. The study aims to analyze the chemical stability of vitamin A, C, and E and to discover the most stable formulation of serum vitamin A, C, and E. The serum was made as a water in oil emulsion using a mixed emulsifier of 2-octadecanoloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxyilic acid and 2- (stearyloxy)propanoic acid (84:16). Three variation of the formula was made with the concentrations of vitamin C glucoside at each 1%, 2% dan 3%, and constant concentration of 0,11% vitamin A acetate dan 0,1% vitamin E acetate for every formulation. The stability of the formulations was measured at 3 conditions: high temperature (40oC) at 31 days, room temperature (28oC ±2oC) in a open place, and room temperature (28oC ±2oC) in closed dark place, both at 33 days. The pH value and consentration of the analyte in the formulations was measured with pH meter and validated high performance liquid chromatography analysis method using C8 column, the mobile phase was methanol-water (97:3), the flow rate was 1.0 ml/minute, and was analyzed at 287 nm. The stability study shows that the degradation of vitamin A acetate, C glucoside, dan E acetate are following first order reaction, and Formulation 3 that was kept at dark closed place gives the longest shelf-life: 54 days."