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Priska Duana Putri
Kadar kotinin urin pada anak yang terpajan asap rokok di lingkungan rumah = The urinary cotinine concentration in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Kotinin merupakan hasil metabolit utama nikotin dan
kadarnya pada urin merupakan indikator pajanan asap rokok. Penlitian ini untuk
mengetahui kadar kotinin urin pada anak yang terpajan dan tidak terpajan asap
rokok di lingkungan rumah.
Metode : Penelitian potong lintang pada anak usia sekolah dasar yang tidak
merokok. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok terpajan dan tidak terpajan
berdasarkan status pajanannya. Data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dan sampel
urin sewaktu yang diukur dengan metode ELISA.
Hasil : Total subjek 128 anak usia 6-12 tahun yang terdiri dari 64 anak pada
kelompok terpajan dan 64 anak yang tidak terpajan. Kadar kotinin urin pada
kelompok terpajan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok tidak terpajan (median
30,1 vs 8,45 ng/ml; p<0.05). Terdapat perbedaan kadar kotinin pada anak yang
terpajan asap rokok dengan jumlah batang rokok yang dihisap oleh perokok di
rumah (p<0.05). Status pajanan asap rokok berhubungan dengan keluhan batuk,
infeksi saluran napas atas dan rawat inap karena keluhan respirasi pada anak. Nilai
titik potong optimal kadar kotinin urin pada anak untuk menilai pajanan asap
rokok yaitu 17,95 ng/ml (sensitifitas 81%, spesifisitas 81%, AUC 91,2%, p<0.05).
Kesimpulan: Kadar kotinin urin dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker yang tidak invasif untuk evaluasi pajanan asap rokok pada anak.
ABSTRACT
Introduction : The cotinine is major metabolite of nicotine and the level of
urinary cotinine is an indicator of tobacco smoke exposure. This study investigate
role of urinary cotinine level in children exposed and unexposed to tobacco smoke
at home.
Method : A Cross sectional study that enrolled elementary school nonsmokers
children classified into exposed group and unexposed group based on tobacco
smoke sexposure status. The questionnaire and spot urinary samples were
collected and urinary cotinine levels were measured by ELISA.
Results : A total 128 nonsmokers children age 6-12 years divided into 64 children
in exposed group and 64 children in unexposed group. The urinary cotinine levels
in exposed group significantly higher than unexposed group (median 30,1 ng/m;
vs 8,45 ng/ml; p<0.05). There was significant difference of urinary cotinine level
in exposed group with number of cigarettes (p<0.05). Tobacco smoke exposure
status associated with frequent cough symptom, upper respiratory infection and
hospitalization because of respiratory symptoms in subjects. The optimal cut off
point urinary cotinine in children to distinguish unexposed children with exposed
to tobacco smoke at home was 17,95 ng/ml (sensitivity 81%, spesificity 81%,
p<0.05).
Conclusion : The urinary cotinine level is useful and noninvasive biomarker for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure in children. ;Introduction : The cotinine is major metabolite of nicotine and the level of
urinary cotinine is an indicator of tobacco smoke exposure. This study investigate
role of urinary cotinine level in children exposed and unexposed to tobacco smoke
at home.
Method : A Cross sectional study that enrolled elementary school nonsmokers
children classified into exposed group and unexposed group based on tobacco
smoke sexposure status. The questionnaire and spot urinary samples were
collected and urinary cotinine levels were measured by ELISA.
Results : A total 128 nonsmokers children age 6-12 years divided into 64 children
in exposed group and 64 children in unexposed group. The urinary cotinine levels
in exposed group significantly higher than unexposed group (median 30,1 ng/m;
vs 8,45 ng/ml; p<0.05). There was significant difference of urinary cotinine level
in exposed group with number of cigarettes (p<0.05). Tobacco smoke exposure
status associated with frequent cough symptom, upper respiratory infection and
hospitalization because of respiratory symptoms in subjects. The optimal cut off
point urinary cotinine in children to distinguish unexposed children with exposed
to tobacco smoke at home was 17,95 ng/ml (sensitivity 81%, spesificity 81%,
p<0.05).
Conclusion : The urinary cotinine level is useful and noninvasive biomarker for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure in children. ;Introduction : The cotinine is major metabolite of nicotine and the level of
urinary cotinine is an indicator of tobacco smoke exposure. This study investigate
role of urinary cotinine level in children exposed and unexposed to tobacco smoke
at home.
Method : A Cross sectional study that enrolled elementary school nonsmokers
children classified into exposed group and unexposed group based on tobacco
smoke sexposure status. The questionnaire and spot urinary samples were
collected and urinary cotinine levels were measured by ELISA.
Results : A total 128 nonsmokers children age 6-12 years divided into 64 children
in exposed group and 64 children in unexposed group. The urinary cotinine levels
in exposed group significantly higher than unexposed group (median 30,1 ng/m;
vs 8,45 ng/ml; p<0.05). There was significant difference of urinary cotinine level
in exposed group with number of cigarettes (p<0.05). Tobacco smoke exposure
status associated with frequent cough symptom, upper respiratory infection and
hospitalization because of respiratory symptoms in subjects. The optimal cut off
point urinary cotinine in children to distinguish unexposed children with exposed
to tobacco smoke at home was 17,95 ng/ml (sensitivity 81%, spesificity 81%,
p<0.05).
Conclusion : The urinary cotinine level is useful and noninvasive biomarker for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure in children. "
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Liyah Giovana
Kadar kotinin urin dan CO udara ekspirasi setelah menggunakan shisha = The level of urinary cotinine and exhaled air CO level after shisha smoking
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Penggunaan shisha saat ini telah banyak di Indonesia dikarenakan anggapan bahwa shisha aman dan tidak berbahaya dibanding rokok. Kotinin urin dan CO udara ekspiaasi merupakan indikator pajanan asap rokok. Penlitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar kotinin urin dan CO udara ekspirasi setelah menggunakan shisha..Metode : Penelitian potong lintang pada pengguna shisha setelah menggunakan shisha. Responden dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok pengguna shisha dan bukan perokok berdasarkan status merokok dan status penggunaan shisha. Data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner, sampel urin dan CO udara ekspirasi sebelum dan 30 menit setelah menggunakan shisha yang diukur dengan metode ELISA dan alat smokelyzer.Hasil : Total responden 96 yang terdiri dari 48 pengguna shisha dan 48 bukan perokok. Kadar kotinin urin dan kadar CO udara ekspirasi setelah menggunakan shisha pada pengguna shisha lebih tinggi dibandingkan bukan perokok median 162,7 vs 6,5 ng/ml; p
ABSTRACT
Background and aim Shisha smoking has been prevalent in Indonesia due to the assumption that shisha is safe and harmless compared to cigarettes. Urinary cotinine and exhaled air CO are an indicator of cigarette smoke exposure. The aim of this study were to measure the level of urinary cotinine and exhaled air CO levels after shisha smoking.Methods We performed cross sectional study on shisha smokers after using shisha. Respondents were grouped into groups of shisha smokers and non smokers based on smoking status and shisha use status. Data obtained from questionnaires, urine samples and exhaled air CO before and 30 minute after using shisha, urinary cotinine levels were measured by ELISA and exhaled air CO levels were measured by smokelyzer test.Results Ninety six respondents were enrolled in sthis study, consist of 48 shisha smokers and 48 non smokers. The level of urinary cotinine and exhaled air CO level after shisha smoking in shisha smokers were higher than nonsmokers median 162.7 vs 6.5 ng ml p "
2017
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sri Wening Pamungkasningsih
Hubungan kadar kotinin urin dan tingkat ketergantungan nikotin pada laki-laki perokok elektronik reguler = Correlation between urinary cotinine and nicotine dependencelevel in the regular electronic cigarette male users
"Latar belakang: Zat beracun utama dalam rokok elektronik yang ditemukan juga pada rokok konvensional adalah nikotin.Hasil utama metabolisme nikotin berupa kotinin yang terdapat di plasma, urin dan saliva. Kotinin dapat digunakan sebagai penanda hayati penggunaan nikotin pada perokok elektronik. Nikotin juga bersifat adiktif yang menyebabkan ketergantungan, yang dapat menjadi salah satu faktor kendala dalam upaya berhenti merokok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar kotinin urin dan tingkat ketergantungan nikotin pada laki-laki perokok elektronik reguler.
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang secara consecutive sampling dilakukan pada kelompok laki-laki perokok elektronik reguler dan bukan perokok di tahun 2018. Semua subjek penelitian dilakukan wawancara dan pemeriksaan kadar kotinin urin menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kuesioner Penn State Nicotine Dependent Index (PSNDI) hanya diisi oleh kelompok perokok elektronik reguler untuk menentukan tingkat ketergantungan nikotin.
Hasil: Kadar kotinin urin perokok elektronik pada kelompok tidak ada ketergantungan didapatkan lebih rendah dibanding kelompok ketergantungan sedang-tinggi (p=0,008). Kadar kotinin urin kelompok ketergantungan rendah lebih kecil dibanding kelompok ketergantungan sedang-tinggi (p=0,029).Median kadar kotinin urin kelompok perokok elektronik reguler lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok bukan perokok (276,11 [58.01-284.15] ng/mL vs 5.21 [4.65-23.72] ng/mL, p<0.001). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar kotinin urin perokok elektronik dan bermakna secara statistik adalah usia (p=0.041), kadar nikotin cairan rokok elektronik (p=0.013) dan aroma cairan rokok elektronik (mentol dan non mentol) (p=0.040). Sebanyak 76.5% laki-laki perokok elektronik reguler mempunyai ketergantungan nikotin.
Kesimpulan: Kadar kotinin urin dan tingkat ketergantungan nikotin pada laki-laki perokok elektronik reguler memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik. Kadar kotinin urin pada laki-laki perokok elektronik reguler lebih tinggi dibandingkan bukan perokok dan bermakna secara statistik. Faktor-faktor yang secara bermakna mempengaruhi kadar kotinin urin adalah usia, kadar nikotin dan aroma cairan rokok elektronik.
Introduction: The main toxic substance in electronic cigarettes (e-Cig), also found in conventional cigarettes, is nicotine. The main product of nicotine metabolism is cotinine which can be found in plasma, urine and saliva. Cotinine can be used as a biomarker for nicotine in electronic cigarette users. Nicotine is also addictive which causes dependence, thus serves as one of problems in smoking cessation program. This study aims to determine the correlation of urine cotinine and nicotine dependence level in the regular e-Cig male users.
Method: This cross-sectional study consecutively included regular e-Cig male users and non-smokers. All subjects were interviewed and were measured for its urinary cotinine levels (uCOT) were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The Penn State Nicotine Dependent Index (PSNDI) questionnaire was filled by regular e-Cig users.
Results: The uCOT of e-Cig users in the non-dependency group was lower than the medium-high dependency group (p=0.008). The uCOT of e-Cig users in the low dependency group was lower than the medium-high dependency group (p=0.029). The median uCOT of the regular e-Cig users was higher than the non-smokers group (276.11 [58.01-284.15] ng/mL vs 5.21 [4.65-23.72] ng/mL, p<0.001). Factors influencing uCOT of e-Cigs users were age (p=0.041), nicotine level of e-Cig liquid (p=0.013) and flavor of e-Cig liquid (e.g. menthol or non-menthol) (p=0.040). Nicotine dependence was found in 76.5% regular e-Cig male users.
Conclusion: The uCOT and nicotine dependence level on the regular e-Cig male users was significantly correlated. The uCOT of regular e-Cig male users was significantly higher than non-smokers, of which age, nicotine level and flavor of e-cCig liquid significantly influenced the uCOT."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library