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Abstrak :
Nanoparticles is one type of drug delivery system which intended to improve the bioavailability of drugs. Nanoparticles can be prepared by several methods and the ionic gelation method is the easiest one. Verapamilhydrochloride is adrugwhich used asantiarrhythmic,antiangina, and antihypertension therapy. Nevertheless, bioavailability of orally administered verapamil is very low, only about 10 to 23%. Therefore, verapamil hydrochloride was prepared as nanoparticlesdosage form to increase its bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to optimize ionic gelation method of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate to obtain thebest nanoparticles formulation. Nanoparticles were obtained from four different methods. Formula A, B and C were produced by drop the sodium tripolyphosphate solution into chitosan solution at 0.75 mL/minute, while formula D were prepared by pour sodium tripolyphosphate solution into chitosan solution. Formula A and B were then strired at 400 rpm, while formula C and D at 3000 rpm. Three grams of verapamil hydrochloride was added into formula A, while formula B, C, and D were produced by adding 5 grams of verapamil hydrocloride. Particle size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and fourier transform infra red spectrum of each nanoparticles formula were characterized. The chosen formula was formula D which has 62.8 nm of size, 59.15% of entrapment efficiency, +25.46 mV of zeta potential, spherical shape, and the ionic interaction was confirmed by FT-IR spectrum. The results showed that chitosan-tripolyphosphate succesfully produce the verapamil hydrochloride nanoparticles by ionic gelation method.

Abstrak :
Nanopartikel dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan beberapa metode dan metode gelasi ionik adalah yang termudah. Verapamil hidroklorida adalah obat yang digunakan sebagai antiaritmia, antiangina, dan terapi antihipertensi. Namun demikian, bioavailabilitas dari verapamil yang diberikan secara oral sangat rendah, hanya sekitar 10 hingga 23%. Oleh karena itu, verapamil hidroklorida ini dibuat sebagai sediaan nanopartikel untuk meningkatkan bioavailabilitasnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan metode gelasi ionik antara kitosan dan natrium tripolifosfat guna mendapatkan formulasi nanopartikel terbaik. Nanopartikel diperoleh dari empat metode yang berbeda (formula A, B, C, dan D). Distribusi ukuran partikel, potensial zeta, efisiensi penjerapan, morfologi, dan spektrum FT-IR dari nanopartikel dikarakterisasi. Formula yang dipilih adalah formula D yang memiliki ukuran 62,8 nm, efisiensi penjerapan 59,15%, potensial zeta 25,46 mV, bentuk bulat, dan memiliki spektrum FT-IR yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan-tripolifosfat dapat menghasilkan nanopartikel verapamil hidroklorida dengan menggunakan metode gelasi ionik.

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Nanoparticles can be prepared by several methods and the ionic gelation method is the easiest one. Verapamil hydrochloride is a drug which used as antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antihypertension therapy. Nevertheless, bioavailability of orally administered verapamil is very low, only about 10 to 23%. Therefore, verapamil hydrochloride was prepared as nanoparticles dosage form to increase its bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to optimize ionic gelation method of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate to obtain the best nanoparticles formulation. Nanoparticles were obtained from four different methods (formula A, B, C, and D). Particle size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and fourier transform infra red spectrum of each nanoparticles formula were characterized. The chosen formula was formula D which has 62.8 nm of size, 59.15% of entrapment efficiency, +25.46 mV of zeta potential, spherical shape, and the ionic interaction was confirmed by FT-IR spectrum. The results showed that chitosan-tripolyphosphate succesfully produce the verapamil hydrochloride nanoparticles by ionic gelation method.