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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Volvariella volvacea (jamur merang) merupakan cendawan pangan yang dibudidaya di negara tropis karena memiliki nilai gizi tinggi dan teknik budidaya yang mudah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh penambahan Aspergillus flavus terhadap kualitas kompos pada substrat limbah kapas (Gossypium sp.) dan produktivitas tubuh buah V. volvacea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama pengomposan, terjadi peningkatan suhu sebesar 27--58°C dan pH 7--8 selama tujuh hari pengamatan. Peningkatan kadar glukosa dan xilosa pada kontrol dan perlakuan terjadi selama lima hari pengomposan, yaitu 0,073--0,143 mg/mL dan 0,045--0,157 mg/mL serta menurun nilainya pada hari ketujuh 0,122--0,123 mg/mL. Kadar selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin substrat kapas pada awal pengomposan, 15%, 8% dan 6--7% mengalami penurunan selama penelitian. Produktivitas V. volvacea pada perlakuan dan kontrol selama pemanenan tujuh belas hari menunjukkan nilai 1766 dan 1715 tubuh buah dan berat basah 8700 g dan 8395 g. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan produktivitas jamur merang pada perlakuan dan kontrol tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan (P >0,05).

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ABSTRACT
Volvariella volvacea (straw mushroom) is an edible mushroom cultivated in tropical countries due to its high nutritious and simple cultivation techniques. The research aims to investigate the effect of A. flavus addition toward the quality of cotton waste compost (Gossypium sp.) and productivity of V. volvacea. The result showed that during composting, there was an increase in compost temperature about 27--58°C and pH compost 7--8 for seven days observation. The rise of glucose and xylose concentration both in the control and treatment group occurred in five days of composting 0,073--0,143 mg/mL and 0,045--0,157 mg/mL respectively, then decreased on the seventh days about 0,122--0,123 mg/mL. The concentration of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin within the substrate of cotton waste in early composting, 15%, 8% dan 6--7% respectively, has been reduced during observation. The productivity of V. volvacea among treatment and control groups during seventeen days cropping yielded 1766 and 1715 fruit body of mushroom and 8700 g, 8395 g fresh weight of mushroom. The outcomes of ANOVA test affirmed that productivity of straw mushroom among treatment and control did not have significant differences (P >0.05).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer 1951 merupakan salah satu jamur yang tumbuh pada limbah pertanian mengandung lignoselulosa. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik biokimia media tanam dalam memproduksi jamur merang. Sampel dianalisis kandungan lignoselulosa, karbon dan nitrogen (rasio C/N), gula pereduksi, pH dan total populasi mikroorganisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar lignoselulosa, suhu, rasio C/N and total mikroorganisme, namun terjadi kenaikan pH dan gula pereduksi. Penurunan kadar lignin 12,94% pada media daun pisang, 10,35% pada media jerami padi dan 9,50% pada media kapas. Kadar holoselulosa mengalami penurunan 19,96% menggunakan jerami padi; 11,85% menggunakan kapas; dan 4,73% menggunakan daun pisang. Jamur merang pada media kapas menghasilkan produksi tertinggi dalam total berat basah, diameter dan jumlah tubuh buah. Efisiensi biologi tertinggi diperoleh dari diproduksi menggunakan kapas, 17,79%; daun pisang 8,56%; dan jerami padi 7,93%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan dari budidaya menggunakan kapas, jerami padi, dan daun pisang (p<0,05). Kadar gula pereduksi mengalami kenaikan 38,66% menggunakan kapas; 36,57% menggunakan daun pisang; dan 20,17% menggunakan jerami padi. Budidaya jamur merang mengakibatkan pH media tanam menjadi basa dengan akhir pH 8,97 pada jerami padi; pH 8,55 pada kapas; dan 7,95 pada daun pisang.

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ABSTRACT
Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer 1951 is one of the most cultivated mushroom grew on lignocellulosic media. The purpose of study was analyze biochemical characteristic growth on media for production of paddy straw mushroom. The samples were analyzed on lignocellulosic, carbon and nitrogen (C/N ratio), reducing sugar content, pH and total population on microorganism. The results revealed decrease on lignocellulosic content, temperature, C/N ratio and total microorganism, however increased in pH and reduced sugar content. Lignin content decreased 12.94% using banana leaves; 10.35% using paddy straws; and 9.50% using cotton wastes. Holocellulose content decreased 19.96% on paddy straws; 11.85% on cotton wastes; and 4.73% on banana leaves. Cotton waste has the highest production based on the fresh weight, diameter and number of fruiting bodies. The highest biological efficiency, 17.69% produced from cultivation on cotton waste; 8,56% on banana leaves; and 7.93% on paddy straws. Reducing sugar content increased 20.71% on paddy straws; 36.57% on banana leaves; and 38.66% on cotton wastes. Statistical analysis shows no signifficant different from cultivation on cotton wastes, paddy straws and banana leaves (p<0,05). Cultivation of paddy straw mushroom caused pH into alkali with final pH 8.97 on paddy straw; 8.55 on cotton wastes; and 7.95 on banana leaves.

Abstrak :
This research was aimed for knowing the influence of EM-4(effective microorganism-4)adudition and the most effective concentration of EM-4 in comspost media for straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea (Bull ex Fr)Sing) production......