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"Illustrates the dilemma faced by the human rights community during peace negotiations, both in finding a place at the table and ensuring accountability for human rights violations. Those undertaking peace talks often argue that peace should come before justice. The many case studies in this book, from Sierra Leone to Colombia, not only confront this notion, but also challenge human rights advocates to recognize the difficulties in negotiating justice and protecting the rights of victims. the final chapter on the Colombian peace process in particular offers hope, showing the importance of including victims and civil society in these discussions."

"The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War introduces law students and undergraduates to the law of war in an age of terrorism. What law of armed conflict/​international humanitarian law applies to particular armed conflicts? Does that law apply to terrorists as well? What is the status of participants in an armed conflict? What constitutes a war crime? What is a lawful target and how are targeting decisions made? What are rules of engagement? What weapons are lawful and unlawful, and why? This text takes the reader through these essential questions of the law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law to an awareness of finer points of battlefield law. The U.S.-weighted text incorporates lessons from many nations and includes hundreds of cases from jurisdictions worldwide"

"This book provides an original legal analysis of child soldiers recruited into armed groups or forces committing mass atrocities and/or genocide as the victims of the genocidal forcible transfer of children. Legal argument is made regarding the lack of criminal culpability of such child soldier 'recruits' for conflict-related international crimes and the inapplicability of currently recommended judicial and non-judicial accountability mechanisms in such cases. The book challenges various anthropological accounts of child soldiers' alleged 'tactical agency' to resist committing atrocity as members of armed groups or forces committing mass atrocity and/or genocide. Also provided are original interpretations of relevant international law including an interpretation of the Rome Statute age-based exclusion from prosecution of persons who were under 18 at the time of perpetrating the crime as substantive law setting an international standard for the humane treatment of child soldiers."

"ABSTRAKPada tahun 1937, Perang Sino-Jepang Kedua resmi dimulai di Cina. Salah satu kekejaman yang terjadi pada perang tersebut dapat dilihat di Nanjing, di mana pasukan Jepang menduduki Nanjing dan dikatakan membunuh 200,000-300,000 orang dan memerkosa sekitar 20,000 wanita lebih dalam waktu enam pekan. Walaupun peristiwa ini, yang disebut pihak Cina sebagai Pembantaian Nanjing, sudah diakui sebagai kejahatan perang berdasarkan Pengadilan Militer Internasional untuk Timur Jauh tahun 1946, masih ada perdebatan mengenai apa yang terjadi selama enam pekan tersebut, dengan pihak Jepang menyangkal pembantaian tersebut pernah terjadi. Tulisan ini akan membahas tentang Peristiwa Nanjing berdasarkan perspektif pihak Cina, Jepang dan Barat, serta mengapa perbedaan ini dapat muncul.

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ABSTRACTIn 1937, the Second Sino Japanese War officially began in China. One of the most notorious atrocities that happened during this time can be seen in Nanjing, where Japanese army occupied Nanjing and allegedly killed 200,000 300,000 people and raped as much as 20,000 women in the course of six weeks. Although this incident, which the Chinese dubbed as Nanjing Massacre, already been recognized as a war crime based on the 1946 International Military Tribunal for the Far East, there are still some dispute over what exactly happened during those six weeks, with the Japanese denying that such massacre ever occured. This wiritng will discuss the Nanjing Incident based on the Chinese, Japanese and the Western rsquo s perspective, and why such differences can occur."

"Studi ini mendeskripsikan pembingkaian kejahatan perang pada konflik militer antarnegara dalam penerapan prinsip-prinsip jurnalisme damai pada pemberitaan di Kompas.com. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif dengan metode analisis pembingkaian Entman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembingkaian yang digunakan pada pemberitaan tentang kejahatan perang sebagai isu kemanusiaan ataupun merugikan bagi warga sipil. Namun, artikel berita masih lekat dengan pembingkaian berita sumber rujukan dan prinsip jurnalisme damai masih kurang diterapkan pada beberapa artikel berita, sehingga organisasi media harus lebih memperhatikan aspek-aspek pembingkaian agar dapat merefleksikan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, terutama perdamaian.

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This study describes the framing of war crimes in interstate military conflicts in the application of the principles of peace journalism in news reporting on Kompas.com. This research is a descriptive, qualitative research conducted with the Entman framing analysis method. The results of the study indicate that the war crimes are framed as a humanitarian issue or detrimental to civilians. However, news articles are still framed similarly to its reference sources and the principles of peace journalism are not as thoroughly applied in several news articles, so media organizations must pay more attention to aspects of framing in order to reflect humanitarian values, especially peace."

"At the end of world war II the allies faced a threefold challenge: how to punish perpetrators of appalling crimes for which the categories of genocide and crimes against humanity had to be coined; how to explain that these had been committed by Germany, of all nations; and how to reform Germans. The answer to this triple conundrum was the application of historical reasoning to legal procedure. In the Nuremberg trials held between 1945 and 1949, a concerted effort was made to punish key perpetrators while at the same time analysing the Nazi state and recounting German history. Building on a long debate about Germanys divergence from a presumed Western path of development, Allied prosecutors sketched out how Germany had betrayed the Western model. The prosecutors laid out how private enterprise, academic science, the military, and the civil service, which looked ostensibly similar to their opposite numbers in the Allied nations, had been corrupted in Germany even before Hitlers rise to power. While the argument, depending on individual protagonists, subject matters, and contexts, met with uneven success in court, it offered a final twist against the backdrop of the Cold War: although Germany had lost its way, it could still be brought back into the Western fold. The first comprehensive study of the Nuremberg trials, The Betrayal explores this process and sheds light on how history underpins transitional trials as we encounter them in todays courtrooms from Arusha to The Hague."