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"Lumpur merupakan produk sampingan utama yang dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan air limbah. Di Indonesia, seringkali lumpur yang dihasilkan belum terolah secara maksimal dan hanya berakhir di TPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah lumpur aktif IPAL domestik (WAS) guna mengetahui potensi energi dari biogas yang dihasilkan melalui proses anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion (AD) merupakan teknologi pengolahan lumpur yang terbukti efektif untuk pemulihan sumberdaya dan konversi limbah menjadi energi. Eksperimen ini dilakukan menggunakan substrat lumpur IPAL Setiabudi dan inokulum digestat sampah makanan dengan rasio 1:1 (berdasarkan VS). Reaktor yang digunakan merupakan reaktor batch sederhana dan proses berlangsung selama lebih dari 20 hari. Pengujian karakterisasi dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah proses AD untuk parameter pH, COD, TS dan VS, rasio C/N, serta biogas (CH4 dan CO2). Dalam penelitian ini, biogas yang dihasilkan sebanyak 31 ± 2,43 mL CH4/gVS, dengan komposisi biogas yang diukur menggunakan gas chromatography menunjukkan konsentrasi metana sebesar 69,06 ± 1,4%. Sementara itu, nilai energi yang dihasilkan oleh lumpur IPAL tergolong rendah bila dibandingkan dengan gas alam, yaitu sebesar ±0,00224 kWh per m3. Meskipun demikian, hasil ini masih layak untuk diimplementasikan serta diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut menggunakan rasio S:I yang variatif, penggunaan ko-substrat hingga pre-treatment untuk meningkatkan potensi energi yang dimiliki oleh WAS.

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Sludge is a major byproduct generated from the wastewater treatment process. In Indonesia, the sludge produced often remains inadequately treated and ends up in landfills. This study aims to treat domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) activated sludge (WAS) to determine the energy potential of the biogas produced through the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a proven sludge treatment technology for resource recovery and waste-to-energy conversion. This experiment was conducted using sludge from Setiabudi WWTP and food waste digestate inoculum of ratio 1:1 (VS-based). The reactor used was a simple batch reactor and the process was carried out for over 20 days. Characterization tests were performed before and after the AD process for parameters such as pH, COD, TS and VS, C/N ratio, and biogas (CH4 and CO2). In this study, the biogas produced amounted to 31 ± 2.43 mL CH4/gVS, with the biogas composition measured using gas chromatography showing a methane concentration of 69.06 ± 1.4%. Meanwhile, the energy value generated by the WAS was relatively low compared to natural gas, at ±0.00224 kWh per m3. Despite that, these results are still feasible for implementation and further research is needed using varied S:I ratios, co-substrate and pretreatment methods to enhance the energy potential of WAS."

"[ABSTRAKProtein biomassa mikroba diharapkan menjadi sumber protein tambahan besar selama krisis pangan Limbah lumpur aktif telah dilaporkan mengandung nutrisi penting dan potensial sebagai pengganti protein non konvensional Protein terdiri dari asam amino dengan mengetahui cara efisien mengekstrak asam amino dari limbah lumpur aktif sangat penting untuk meningkatkan pemahaman produksi protein intraseluler dari air limbah Terdapat tiga metode yang diusulkan untuk mengevaluasi ekstrak asam amino dan asam amino bebas dari dua sumber lumpur limbah sintetis dan asli Metode 1 menggunakan ultrasonication untuk solubilisasi dan 32 wt HCl untuk 16 jam hidrolisis Metode 2 dibedakan menjadi dua metode solubilisasi a Alkali ultrasonication dan b Hanya alkali dilanjutkan dengan 6N HCl untuk 24 jam hidrolisis Metode 1 menghasilkan sedikit lebih tinggi dari ekstraksi total asam amino dengan total konten asam amino g g MLVSS 28 6 dan 24 0 dibandingkan dengan Metode 2a dengan 29 3 dan 21 6 untuk limbah sintetis dan limbah asli masing masingnya Secara signifikan Metode 2b memberikan hasil terendah dengan 11 6 pada limbah asli Dalam kesimpulan umum untuk skala limbah asli Metode 1 memberikan hasil yang terbaik untuk ekstraksi asam amino.

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ABSTRACTMicrobial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein sourceduring the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to containimportant nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes.Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract aminoacids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular proteinproduction from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the aminoacids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scalesludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline+ ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl.Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a totalamino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly,Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusionfor full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction.; Microbial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein sourceduring the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to containimportant nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes.Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract aminoacids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular proteinproduction from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the aminoacids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scalesludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline+ ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl.Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a totalamino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly,Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusionfor full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction.; Microbial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein sourceduring the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to containimportant nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes.Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract aminoacids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular proteinproduction from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the aminoacids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scalesludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline+ ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl.Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a totalamino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly,Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusionfor full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction., Microbial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein sourceduring the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to containimportant nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes.Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract aminoacids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular proteinproduction from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the aminoacids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scalesludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline+ ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl.Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a totalamino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly,Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusionfor full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction.]"