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"Text on wear prognosis technology, the diagnosing of the cause of wear and tear and the prescription of a preventative measure. Addresses industry queries pertaining to wear prognosis and provides a proper environments and techniques to reduce specific types of wear and tear through modification of surface properties. DLC: Surfaces--Technology."

"Engineers are faced with a bewildering array of choices when selecting a surface treatment for a specific corrosion or wear application. This book provides practical information to help them select the best possible treatment. An entire chapter is devoted to process comparisons, and dozens of useful tables and figures compare surface treatment thickness and hardness ranges; abrasion and corrosion resistance; processing time, temperature, and pressure; costs; distortion tendencies; and other critical process factors and coating characteristics. The chapter 'Practical Guidelines for Surface Engineering' describes hands-on approaches for matching surface treatments with design and performance requirements. The book includes the content from an Institute of Materials design guide publication, combined with information from several ASM Handbook volumes and other ASM and industry sources. All the material has been carefully organized, edited, and rewritten as needed to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date, and user-friendly guide to the subject. "

"Tujuan : Melakukan evaluasi perbedaan perubahan kuantias dan kualitas musin penderita miopia sedang antara pemakaian LKL SiH Lotrafilcon B daily dan extended.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal dengan desain dua kelompok paralel dan dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM Kirana. Pemeriksaan MUC5AC dilakukan pada tahap sebelum pemasangan dan pada minggu ke-4. Evaluasi tipe Ferning dilakukan pada sebelum pemasangan, minggu ke-1 dan 4.Hasil : Empat puluh subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Satu subjek dalam kelompok daily wear mengalami drop out karena reaksi alergi terhadap lensa kontak. Terdapat peningkatan kadar MUC5AC yang signifikan secara statistik antara pre-fitting dan minggu ke-4 pada pada masing-masing kelompok. Kadar akhir MUC5AC setelah perlakuan tidak berbeda signifikan antara kedua kelompok. Perbandingan antara jumlah mata dengan tipe Ferning normal dan abnormal antara kedua kelompok perlakuan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada pemeriksaan pre-fitting, minggu ke-1 dan 4.Kesimpulan :Tidak ada perbedaan perubahan kadar MUC5AC antara penggunaan lotrafilcon B daily dan extended wear.

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Purpose: To evaluate differences of mucin quantity and quality changes in moderate myopia patients between daily and extended wear of Lotrafilcon B.

Methods: The design of this study used a single blinded randomized clinical trial with two parallel group designs and performed at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital RSCM Kirana. MUC5AC examination was performed at pre fitting and at 4th week. Ferning type evaluation was performed on pre fitting, 1st and 4th week.

Results: Forty subjects who met the inclusion criteria were willing to participate in the study. One subject in the daily wear group experienced a drop out due to an allergic reaction to contact lenses. There was a statistically significant increase in MUC5AC levels between pre fitting and week 4 in each group. The final MUC5AC levels after treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups. Comparison between the number of eyes with normal and abnormal Ferning types between the two treatment groups did not show significant differences in pre fitting examinations, 1st and 4th weeks.

Conclusion: There is no difference in MUC5AC levels between the use of lotrafilcon B daily and extended."

"An investigation to structural and wear behaviour of nitrided AISI 316 L stainless steel resulting from low temperature fluidized bed nitriding has been made in the present work It was found that the wear resistance of nitrided specimens was related to the formation of a preetpitation-free hardened layer on the austenitic surface. In the present laboratory experiments, the precipitation-free or S phase layer with a surface hardness of ~1350 H Va 5 was produced at a nitriding condition of 450'C for 6h. The formation of this S phase layer significantly improved wear resistance of the stainless steel. Wear track observation by SEM revealed that the specimens without formation of S phase layer produced heavy scars due to tearing and local plastic deformation. The present work also suggests that fluidized bed heat treatment furnace can be utilised for nitriding the austenitic stainless steels at low temperatures below 5 00 ?C to produce S' phase nitrdid layer without losing the stainless feature of this material."

"This book covers novel research results for process and techniques of materials characterization for a wide range of materials. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the aspects of structural and chemical characterization of these materials. Includes a compilation of the best research works presented in Symposium 5B "Structural and Chemical Characterization of Metals, Alloys and Compounds," by XXIII International Materials Research Congress (IMRC-2014)."

"The increasing prices of commercial lubricants and global attention towards a green environment have become the key issues to re-think about alternatives to commercially available lubricants. With these prospects in mind, vegetable oils can be utilized as an option to commercially available lubricants, due to their biodegradable and nontoxic nature. Moreover, they possess certain advantages like lower volatility and high flash/ fire points, higher viscosity index, excellent lubricity and cost savings. These properties of bio-lubricants are more often considered as important in the preparation of various bio-fuels. So far bio-lubricants have been employed in the preparation and testing of bio-fuels for various automotive applications. The primary aim of this study is to infer a novel application of bio-lubricants in the subject area of machining. During machining, machinability and performance are most frequently determined by the friction and wear characteristics of the tool and workpiece materials. In this work, first friction and wear characteristics of bio-lubricants (blended vegetable oils in various proportions) formulated from Palm and Mahua oils have been investigated using a Pin-on-Disk wear testing machine. A bio-lubricant (composed of blended vegetable oils) is synthesized by using two base oils and blending them in different possible proportions. The tribological properties have been studied over an AISI 1040 Steel disc specimen with aluminium pins under various bio-lubricant environments using the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE). During the study, it was observed that the abrasive and adhesive wear were the main wear mechanisms that occurred in the tests. The results have shown that total wear of the test specimens under all machining conditions for 90% Mahua and 10% Palm blended oil combination is found to be at a minimum."

"ABSTRAKProses pemantauan tool wear pada micromilling membutuhkan ketelitian yang tinggi, proses ini dapat dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop digital Dino-Lite dan mikroskop elektron. Namun penggunaan mikroskop elektron membutuhkan waktu yang lama karena harus datang ke laboratorium mikroskop elektron. Maka dari itu dibuatlah perancangan teknologi computer vision berbasis image processing untuk mendeteksi luas wear pada tool micromilling. Proses pengembangan menggunakan fitur OpenCV program Python. Proses dimulai dengan mengambil gambar tool baru dan tool rusak menggunakan Dino-Lite dengan spesifikasi gambar yang sama persis. Kemudian gambar diimpor ke program Python dan dikonversi menjadi bentuk HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value). Gambar HSV kemudian diberikan fitur noise reduction menggunakan gaussian blur untuk mengurangi noise pada gambar. Gambar HSV yang sudah diberikan fitur noise reduction kemudian diberi fitur color detection untuk mendapatkan thresholding dari hasil pengaturan variabel masking HSV. Hasil thresholding kemudian diberikan fitur image Canny sebagai fitur pendeteksian luas berdasarkan kontur gambar hasil thresholding. Kemudian nilai luas permukaan tool baru dan tool rusak akan muncul. Kedua nilai ini akan dibandingkan dan menghasilkan persentase tool wear. Pengujian yang penulis lakukan adalah dengan membuat variasi variabel noise reduction menggunakan gaussian blur, nilai gaussian blur yang diberikan sebesar 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 dan 17 (nilai gaussian blur hanya bisa 0 dan bilangan ganjil). Data yang diperoleh ada yang tidak lengkap karena keadaan gambar yang tidak mendukung, namun dengan keberadaan gaussian blur, dapat membantu perekaman luas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai gaussian blur, maka meningkatkan potensi gambar kontur tool dapat dideteksi luasnya.

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ABSTRACT

Tool wear monitoring on micromilling needs a high value of accuracy, this process can be done using Dino-Lite digital microscope and electron microscope. However, the usage of electron microscope needs a long period of time since we have to go to the electron microscope laboratory. Therefore, the design of image processing-based computer vision for tool wear monitoring on micromilling was developed. The development process uses OpenCV feature on Python. The process begins with gathering the images of the new tool and the broken tool using Dino-Lite with exactly the same image properties. The images are then imported to Python and converted to HSV format (Hue, Saturation, Value). The HSV images are then given a noise reduction feature using Gaussian Blur to reduce the noise of the images. The HSV images that have been given the noise reduction feature are then given a color detection feature to obtain thresholding of the results of the HSV masking variable adjustment. The thresholding results are the given an image Canny feature as the contour area detection from the thresholding results. Afterwards, the face area value of the new tool and the broken tool will be displayed. These two values will be compared and generate the tool wear percentage. The experiment that the authors has done is to make variations in noise reduction variables using gaussian blur, the given gaussian blur values are 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 dan 17 (only 0 and odd numbers of the gaussian blur value can only be added). The data that be obtained are not complete due to the unsupported image condition, however, in the presence of the gaussian blur, could support the documentation process. At the end, the results show that the tool area on the images are more potential to be detected due to the increasing number of gaussian blur value."

"Latar Belakang: Keausan gigi adalah kehilangan struktur gigi yang terjadi bukan karena proses karies. Salah satu tipe keausan gigi yaitu atrisi. Atrisi terjadi akibat adanya kontak gigi ke gigi (oklusi) seperti saat mastikasi. Terdapat tiga tipe oklusi saat gerakan lateral mandibula yaitu oklusi seimbang, group function, dan cuspid protected.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara oklusi seimbang, group function, dan cuspid protected dengan keausan gigi dan mengetahui tipe oklusi yang banyak menyebabkan keausan gigi.

Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 78 mahasiswa program akademik FKG UI angkatan 2005-2008 yang berusia 17-23 tahun yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Analisis statistik secara univariat berupa distribusi masing-masing variabel dan secara bivariat berupa uji Fisher.

Hasil: Uji Fisher menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara oklusi seimbang, group function, dan cuspid protected dengan keausan gigi (p > 0,05). Statistik deskriptif belum dapat membuktikan tipe oklusi yang banyak menyebabkan keausan gigi.

Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara oklusi seimbang, group function, dan cuspid protected dengan keausan gigi pada mahasiswa program akademik Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia angkatan 2005-2008. Dan tidak dapat membuktikan bahwa oklusi seimbang banyak menyebabkan keausan gigi.

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Background: Tooth wear is the non-carious loss of tooth structure. One of the type of the tooth wear is attrition. The attrition results from tooth to tooth contact (occlusion) such as during mastication. There are three types of occlusion during lateral movement of the mandible are balanced occlusion, group function, and cuspid rotected.

Objective: To identify the relationship between balanced occlusion, group function, and cuspid protected with the tooth wear and to identify the type of occlusion which is the most causing the tooth wear.

Method: This research is observational analysis using cross-sectional study. The subjects are 78 preclinical dental students from University of Indonesia Class 2005-2008, aged 17-23 years old which were taken by purposive sampling. Univariate statistical analysis is distribution of each variables and bivariate statistical analysis is using Fisher test.

Result: Fisher test showed that there was no relationship between balanced occlusion, group function, and cuspid protected with the tooth wear (p > 0,05). Descriptive statistic was not been able to prove the type of occlusion which is the most causing the tooth wear.

Conclusion: There was no relationship between balanced occlusion, group function, and cuspid protected with tooth wear on preclinical dental student from University of Indonesia Class 2005-2008. And, there is no evidence that balanced occlusion is the most causing the tooth wear."

"ABSTRAKOver the decades hardness is viewed to be one of the most prominent mechanical properties that has been wrought in numerous application throughout different the engineering industries, similarly to wear performance of a material. However, from previous research, the relationship between hardness and wear performance are somehow unintelligible. Therefore, further research focusing on evaluating if hardness is a reliable indicator to measure wear performance for particle reinforced composite alloys. This was based on previous research conducted by Kagawa, Kawashima, and Ohta 1992 , where it was stated that hardness is not a reliable indicator to measure wear performance. The analysis is made by correlating microstructural information with hardness and wear test result. The data obtained may be utilised to improve better and broader applications particle reinforced composite alloys in the future.

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ABSTRACTSelama beberapa dekade kekerasan dipandang sebagai salah satu sifat mekanik paling menonjol yang telah dilakukan dalam berbagai aplikasi di seluruh industri teknik yang berbeda, serupa dengan memakai kinerja material. Namun, dari penelitian sebelumnya, hubungan antara kekerasan dan kinerja keausan entah bagaimana tidak dapat dipahami. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut berfokus pada evaluasi apakah kekerasan merupakan indikator yang dapat diandalkan untuk mengukur kinerja keausan untuk paduan komposit yang diperkuat partikel. Hal ini berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Kagawa, Kawashima, dan Ohta 1992 , dimana dinyatakan bahwa kekerasan bukanlah indikator yang dapat diandalkan untuk mengukur kinerja keausan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghubungkan informasi mikrostruktur dengan uji kekerasan dan uji aus. Data yang diperoleh dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan aplikasi paduan komposit yang diperkuat dengan lebih baik dan lebih kuat di masa depan."