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Abstrak :
Proses kegiatan pengiriman BBM ke SPBU dengan proses unloading memiliki potensi bahaya yang tinggi karena hubungannya dengan bahan bakar jenis pertalite dan solar. Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan analisis perhitungan level risiko dan permodelan skenario untuk menggambarkan dampak kebakaran dan ledakan, agar dampak yang ditimbulkan dapat diminimalkan dengan melakukan pengendalian dan pencegahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko terjadinya kebakaran dan ledakan pada kegiatan unloading bahan bakar minyak dari mobil tangki di SPBU. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif, dimana penilaian risiko dapat menggunakan metode kuantitatif, kualitatif dan semi kuantitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah mobil tangki kapasitas 24.000 liter melakukan proses pembongkaran (unloading) BBM dengan produk yang diangkut jenis pertalite di 3 SPBU wilayah Jawa Bagian Barat yang pernah mengalami insiden kebakaran. Instrumen dan analisa risiko bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan menggunakan Dow's Fire and Explosion Index. Dari hasil perhitungan Dow's Fire and Explosion Index dengan menggunakan software ALOHA versi 5.4.7 dan MARPLOT dapat diketahui klasifikasi risiko dari kejadian kebakaran dan ledakan serta area dampak dari kejadian tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahawa tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan dari proses unloading bahan bakar minyak dari mobil tangki ke SPBU menurut klasifikasi tingkat risiko dengan nilai 122,56 berada pada kategori Intermediate. ......The process of sending fuel to gas stations with the unloading process has a high potential for danger because of its relationship with gasoline and diesel fuel types. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk level calculation and scenario modeling to describe the impact of fire and explosion, so that the impact can be minimized by controlling and preventing. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of risk of fire and explosion in the activity of unloading fuel oil from tank cars at gas stations. In this study using semi-quantitative methodes, where risk assessment can use quantitative, qualitative and semi-quantitative methods. The sample in this study was a tank truck with capacity of 24.000 liters carrying out the process of unloading fuel with products transported by pertalite types at 3 gas stations in the West Java Region that had experienced fire incidents. Instruments and risk analysis of fire and explosion hazard using the Dow's Fire and Explosion Index. From the results of Dow's Fire and Explosion Index calculations using ALOHA software version 5.4.7 and MARPLOT, it can be seen the risk classification of fire and explosion events and the impact area of these events. The results of this study indicate that the risk level of fire and explosion from the process of unloading fuel oil from tank cars to gas stations according to the risk level classification with a value of 122,56 is in the Intermediate category.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan Kebakaran hutan di Provinsi Riau terjadi setiap tahun telah menjadi bencana nasional. Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah pada bulan Agustus 2015 menyatakan terdapat 21 titik api di Kabupaten Kampar. Asap dari hasil pembakaran hutan mengandung karbon monoksida dan senyawa karsinogenik yaitu benzopirene dengan metabolit utamanya benzopirene diol epoxide BPDE yang bersifat mutagenik sehingga meningkatkan terjadinya keluhan respirasi dan risiko kanker paru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar karbon monoksida ekspirasi dan benzopirene serum pada 2 populasi yaitu subjek kontrol dan pasca tiga bulan terpajan kebakaran hutan di Kabupaten Kampar. MetodePenelitian ini merupakan disain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada bukan Januari 2016 bertempat di Desa Rimbo Panjang, Kabupaten Kampar Riau . Total sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 97 subjek terpajan di desa Rimbo Panjang dan 15 subjek kontrol di kota Pekanbaru. Pengukuran kadar CO ekspirasi menggunakan CO Analyzer, benzopirene serum melalui pengambilan darah serta pengisian kuesioner untuk menilai keluhan respirasi. HasilPenelitian ini mendapatkan kadar CO ekspirasi tertinggi pada kelompok subjek terpajan sebesar 38 ppm, sedangkan pada seluruh subjek kontrol 0 ppm. Kadar CO ekspirasi memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan jenis kelamin p

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ABSTRACT
Forest Fire in Riau Province was happen every year that becomes asone of national disaster. The National Disaster Management on August 2015 said that there are 21 hotspot in kampar, Riau. Fog are contains of carbon monoxide and carcinogenic agents; metabolite benzopyrene diol epoxide BPDE which is mutagenic and increase the level of respiratory complaint and lung cancer risk. This research aim was to understand the CO expiration and BPDE serum on 2 subjects; controlled subject post exposed wildfire smoke. MethodsThis is a cross sectional study reseacrh, on January 2016 taking Place in Rimbo Panjang, Kampar Riau . The total sample of this research were 97 exposured subjects and 15 controlled subjects. The CO expiration measured by CO Analyzer and the subjects blood taken to measure the BPDE serum. Also, the whole subjects demanded to fill the questionnaire in case of finding out the respiratory complaint. Results From the methods used, it is known that the highest level of CO from the exposure subjects was 38 ppm. While on the controlled subjects was 0 ppm. The CO expirations level has a significant linkages within sex p

Abstrak :
This reference work encompasses the current, accepted state of the art in the science of wildfires and wildfires that spread to communities, known as wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. 171 author contributions include accepted knowledge on these topics from throughout the world, all written by the leading researchers, experts, practitioners, and academics. This encyclopedia is an invaluable reference for newcomers to the field, as well as researchers, students, developers, and professionals who are interested in exploring this dynamic area. General Sections include: Combustion Coordination System Locations Fire Whirls Firebrands and Embers Incident Management Team (IMT) Support Locations Incident Response Support Locations On-the-Incident Locations Soot and Effects on Wildland/WUI Fire Behavior Weathering Effects on Fire Retardant Wood Treatments Wildland Firefighting Locations Wildland Fuel Treatments