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Abstrak :
Salah satu faktor yang menentukan BB lahir bayi adalah asupan nutrisi ibu yang adekuat. Beberapa nutrien diketahui memiliki efek terhadap BB lahir bayi di antaranya adalah protein dan seng. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dan dilakukan di 10 puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta Timur sejak Februari hingga April 2015 dengan subjek ibu hamil berusia 19–44 tahun dengan usia kehamilan 32–37 minggu. Data asupan protein didapatkan dengan metode 24-hour recall, sedangkan asupan seng dengan metode Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire dan 24-hour recall. Pengambilan darah dilakukan sebelum ibu melahirkan dan diperiksa dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Berat badan lahir bayi diukur segera setelah bayi lahir. Sebanyak 116 subjek mengikuti penelitian hingga akhir. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan protein dengan kadar seng serum (r = 0,042, p = 0,653), tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan seng dengan kadar seng serum (r = 0,155, p = 0,096), tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan seng dengan BB lahir bayi (r = - 0,09, p = 0,303), dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar seng serum dengan BB lahir bayi (r = -0,116, p = 0,215). Penelitian ini belum berhasil menemukan hubungan antara asupan protein, seng, dan kadar seng serum dengan BB lahir bayi. ......One of the factors affecting birth weight is mother’s adequate nutrient intake. Several nutrients are known to its effect to birth weight, which among them are protein and zinc. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 district public health centres in East Jakarta since Februari until April 2015. Subjects of the study were pregnant mothers aged 19–44 years old whose gestational age between 32–37 weeks. Protein intake was computed based on 24-hour recall method, while zinc intake was computed based on Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour recall method. Blood specimens were collected before giving birth and being assesed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Birth weight was measured soon after the baby was born. One hundred and sixteen subjects followed the study until the end. Statistical analysis showed there were no correlation between protein intake and maternal zinc serum (r = 0,042, p = 0,653), no correlation between zinc intake and maternal zinc serum (r = 0,155, p = 0,096), no correlation between zinc intake and birth weight (r = -0,09, p = 0,303), and no correlation between maternal zinc serum and birth weight (r = - 0,116, p = 0,215). This study has not been able to prove any relationship between maternal intake of protein, zinc, zinc serum and birth weight.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Stunting atau kependekan (PB/U <-2 SD) merupakan bentuk kegagalan pertumbuhan linier yang banyak muncul di wilayah negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Stunting mengancam kesehatan, mengurangi kesempatan pencapaian pendidikan dan pendapatan tinggi. Potensi genetik stunting yang menurun memperpanjang risiko stunting antargenerasi. Stunting dapat jelas teramati ketika anak-anak. Intervensi dini diperlukan untuk menurunkan prevalensi stunting dan dampak. Penelitian ini melibatkan 133 pasang ibu dan bayi di enam posyandu. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang untuk mencari faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 12-23 bulan. Penelitian dimulai pada 10 April sampai 5 Mei 2014. Uji chi-square mendapati tinggi badan ibu, panjang lahir anak, berat lahir anak, asupan zink, dan riwayat infeksi adalah faktor-faktor yang berhubungan bermakna terhadap stunting. Hasil analisa multivariat menunjuk asupan zink sebagai faktor dominan terhadap stunting pada anak usia 12-23 bulan. Peneliti menyarankan pemerintah untuk mempertimbangkan suatu program suplementasi bagi ibu yang melanjutkan menyusui hingga anak berusia dua tahun.

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ABSTRACT
Stunting or short stature (HAZ<-2 SD) is a linear growth failure that largely occur in developing countries included Indonesia. Stunting is a main malnutrition problem that threatening health, reducing high-education level attainament and income level. Stunting has a phenotype potential that genetically given from parents that causing a long-bad short stature cycle, called intergenerational cycle. Stunting can clearly observe in children. Early intervation is needed for cutting down stunting prevalence and reducing effects. This study aim for finding factor that most contribute to stunting aged 12-23 months by using a cross sectional design. It started on April 10th until May 5th 2014. There was 133 pairs mother-child who completely involved in this study. This study reported that 21,8% toddler are stunting. Chi-square anlysis found maternal height, child birth-length, child birth-weight, zinc intake, and infection frequent are factors related to stunting. Furthermore, multivariate anlysis result showed that zinc intake as dominant factor related to stunting aged 12-23 months. It suggest for stakeholder to consider a supplementation program for mother who countinous suckling until her toddler aged two years old.

Abstrak :
Pasien kanker kepala leher rentan mengalami malnutrisi akibat penurunan sensitivitas indera pengecap yang sudah terjadi sejak awal diagnosis dan akan diperberat oleh terapi. Seng merupakan salah satu zat gizi yang berperan dalam proses metabolisme utama seperti regulasi siklus sel dan pembelahan sel, sintesis protein dan penyembuhan luka termasuk di antaranya sel-sel taste bud pada indera pengecap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara asupan seng dengan kepekaan indera pengecap pada pasien kanker kepala leher sebelum menjalani kemoradiasi. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang pada subyek dewasa dengan kanker kepala leher sebelum kemoradiasi di RSCM. Asupan seng dinilai menggunakan FFQ semi kuantitatif. Kepekaan indera pengecap dinilai dengan menggunakan 3-stimulus drop technique yang dikembangkan oleh Mossman dan Henkin untuk 4 kualitas rasa (asin, manis, asam, dan pahit). Sebanyak 85 subyek penelitian dengan median usia 54 tahun, mayoritas laki-laki, terdiagnosis kanker nasofaring dengan jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa dan stadium IV. Rerata subyek memiliki status gizi normal, dengan median asupan energi 28 (15-58) kkal/kgBB dan protein 1 (0-3) g/kgBB. Median asupan seng pada subyek sebesar 8 (3-24) gram dengan FFQ semi kuantitatif. Kepekaan indera pengecap subyek didapatkan paling tinggi berturut-turut adalah untuk rasa asam, pahit, asin, dan manis. Dilakukan uji korelasi antara asupan seng dengan kepekaan indera pengecap. Tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan seng dengan kepekaan indera pengecap pada pasien kanker kepala leher praradiasi baik rasa manis (r= -0,170, p= 0,120), asin (r= -0,085, p= 0,442), asam (r= 0,080, p= 0,467), ataupun pahit (r= -0,131, p= 0,233). ......Head and neck cancer patients are susceptible to malnutrition due to decreased taste sensitivity that has occurred since first diagnosed and worsened by therapy. Zinc is a nutrient that plays a role in major metabolic processes such as regulation of the cell cycle dan cell proliferation, protein synthesis and wound healing, including taste bud cells. This study aims to examine the relationship between zinc intake and taste sensitivity in head and neck cancer patients before undergoing chemoradiation. The study used a cross-sectional design on adult head and neck cancer subjects who have not been undergone chemoradiation at RSCM. Zinc intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Taste sensitivity was assessed using the 3-stimulus drop technique developed by Mossman and Henkin for 4 taste qualities (salty, sweet, sour, and bitter). A total of 85 subjects with a median age of 54 years, most of them are male, diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer and already at stage IV. On average, the subjects had normal nutritional status, median energy intake was 28 (15-58) kcal/kgBW and protein 1 (0-3) g/kgBW. The median zinc intake in subjects was 8 (3-24) grams assessed with a semi-quantitative FFQ. The highest taste sensitivity of the subjects was sour, bitter, salty, and sweet, respectively. A correlation test was conducted between zinc intake and taste sensitivity. There was no significant correlation between zinc intake and taste sensitivity in head and neck cancer patients before chemoradiation, either sweet (r= -0.170, p= 0.120), salty (r= -0.085, p= 0.442), sour (r= 0.080), p= 0.467), or bitter (r= -0.131, p= 0.233).

Abstrak :
Proses inflamasi pada kanker kepala dan leher menyebabkan peningkatan sitokin proinflamasi dan sintesis protein fase akut c-reactive protein, CRP yang kemudian menyebabkan perubahan metabolisme dan anoreksia pada penderitanya. Seng merupakan zat gizi yang memiliki peran penting dalam menekan inflamasi, namun dilaporkan sekitar 65 pasien kanker kepala dan leher mengalami kekurangan seng. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara asupan seng dan kadar seng serum dengan kadar c-reactive protein CRP sebagai upaya menekan inflamasi sehingga dapat mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien kanker kepala leher. Dari 49 subyek yang dikumpulkan secara konsekutif di Poliklinik Onkologi RS Kanker Dharmais, 67,3 adalah laki-laki, rentang usia subyek 46 ndash;65 tahun. Frekuensi terbanyak 65,3 adalah kanker nasofaring dan 69,4 berada pada stadium IV. Seratus persen subyek memiliki asupan seng dibawah nilai angka kecukupan gizi. Rerata kadar seng serum subyek adalah 9,83 2,62 mol/L. Sebanyak 51 subyek memiliki kadar CRP yang meningkat. Terdapat korelasi negatif yang lemah antara kadar seng dengan kadar CRP subyek r =-0,292, p =0,042, namun tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan seng dengan kadar CRP subyek p =0,86. ......The inflammatory process of head and neck cancer leads to increase the proinflammatory cytokines and the synthesis of c reactive protein CRP , which then causes metabolic alteration and anorexia in the patients. Zinc is one of nutrient that has an important role in suppressing inflammation. It is reported that about 65 of head and neck cancer patients have zinc deficiency. The aim of this cross sectional study is to determine the correlation between zinc intake and serum zinc levels with CRP level as an effort to reduce inflammation to reduce the morbidity and mortality of head and neck cancer patients. Subjects were collected by consecutive sampling in the Oncology Polyclinic Dharmais Cancer Hospital, from 49 subjects 67,3 were men, most subjects were in the age range between 46 ndash 65 years. The highest frequency 65,3 is nasopharyngeal cancer and 69,4 are already in stage IV. All subjects in this study have a zinc intake below the recommended dietary allowance RDA in Indonesia. The mean serum zinc level of the subjects was 9.83 2.62 mol L. Most subjects have elevated CRP levels. There was a weak significant negative correlation between zinc concentration and CRP levels of subjects r 0.292, p 0.042, but there was no correlation between zinc intake and CRP levels of subjects p 0.86.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian yang membahas hubungan antara seng dan derajat keparahan akne masih terbatas dengan hasil yang tidak konsisten antara satu penelitian dengan penelitian yang lain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang komparasi untuk menilai hubungan asupan seng dan konsentrasi seng serum dengan derajat keparahan akne vulgaris berdasarkan kriteria Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting. Dilakukan penilaian asupan seng dan pemeriksaan konsentrasi seng serum terhadap 60 pasien akne vulgaris di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Analisis data asupan seng terhadap derajat keparahan akne menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan sedangkan analisis data konsentrasi seng serum terhadap derajat keparahan akne menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Pada penelitian ini, asupan seng pada seluruh subjek berada dibawah nilai Angka Kecukupan Gizi Indonesia dan rerata asupan seng pada kelompok akne ringan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat. Konsentrasi seng serum pada kelompok akne ringan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat. Ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara asupan seng pada kelompok akne derajat ringan dengan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat, dan konsentrasi seng serum antara kelompok akne derajat ringan dengan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat.

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ABSTRACT
Zinc recently known to have an effect on reducing the severity of acne, but this finding was still inconsistent between one study to another. A comparation cross sectional study was conducted to assess the association of zinc intake and serum zinc level with the severity of acne based on Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting criteria. A total of 60 acne patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were selected. Data analysis on zinc intake on acne severity using unpaired T test while zinc serum concentration on acne severity with Mann Whitney test. In this study, zinc intake in all subjects was below the Indonesian Recommended Daily Allowance and mean of zinc intake in mild acne group was higher compare to the moderate severe acne group. Zinc serum level in mild acne group was higher compare to the moderate severe acne group. There was a significant difference between zinc intake in mild and moderate severe acne group, and zinc serum level between mild and moderate severe acne group.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Kehamilan merupakan suatu proses yang membutuhkan asupan seng yang adekuat guna menunjang kesehatan ibu dan janin. Defisiensi seng akibat kurangnya asupan dan bioavailabilitas seng dalam diet masih merupakan masalah di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kadar seng serum dan hubungannya dengan asupan makanan dalam upaya perbaikan asupan seng pada kehamilan trimester tiga.

Desain: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 51 subjek ibu hamil trimester tiga dengan menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dan consecutive sampling.

Hasil: Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil rerata kadar seng serum pada subjek penelitian adalah 39,32±6,28 µg/dl dengan frekuensi seng serum rendah dari normal sebesar 92,16%. Semua subjek penelitian tidak memenuhi asupan seng, serat, energi dan protein sesuai AKG. Asupan besi subjek penelitian melebihi AKG pada 96,1% subjek dan semua subjek memiliki rasio molar fitat lebih dari 15. Terdapat korelasi lemah yang tidak bermakna secara statistik antara asupan seng (r=0.068), besi (r=0,09), fitat (r=0,081), serat (r=0,026), energi (r=0,073) dan protein (r=0,033) dengan seng serum subjek penelitian.

Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein dengan seng serum subjek penelitian. Dibutuhkan edukasi tentang bahan makanan sumber yang baik untuk memperbaiki asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein pada ibu hamil.

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ABSTRAK

Background: Pregnancy is a process that requires an adequate zinc intake to support maternal and perinatal health. However, zinc deficiency due to inadequate intake and zinc bioavailability in diet still remain a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate serum zinc levels and its relation to food intake in order to improve zinc intake in late pregnancy.

Design: The method used in this study was cross sectional, consecutive sampling on 51 late pregnancy subjects.

Results: The study results mean serum zinc level was 39.32±6.28 µg/dl with prevalence of serum zinc below normal 92.16%. All of the subjects did not meet the RDI of zinc, fiber, energy and protein. As 96.1% subjects meet the RDI of iron and all subjects had phytate-zinc molar ratio more than 15. There was a weak correlation that not statistically significant between the intake of zinc (r=0.068), iron (r=0.09), phytate (r=0.081), dietary fiber (r=0.026), energy (r=0.073) and protein (r=0.033) with serum zinc.

Conclusion:This study conclude that there was no association between intake of zinc, iron, phytate, dietary fiber, energy and protein with serum zinc level in late pregnancy. Pregnant women need a nutritional education about good food source to improve zinc, iron, dietary fiber, energy, and protein intakes.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya kadar seng serum pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher serta hubungannya dengan status radiasi. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher stadium lokoregional lanjut usia 19-59 tahun yang berobat jalan di Poliklinik Umum Radioterapi RSUPNCM pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2011. Sebanyak 36 subyek mengikuti penelitian ini dengan lengkap. Data diperoleh dari wawancara, pengukuran antropometri, penilaian asupan makanan menggunakan metode food record 2x24 jam dan pemeriksaan kadar seng serum. Nilai rerata asupan seng dari food record sebesar 7,11 ± 3,12 mg/hari. Sebanyak 100% subyek dalam kelompok belum radiasi termasuk dalam kelompok asupan seng kurang, sementara 35% subyek dalam kelompok sedang radiasi mempunyai asupan seng yang cukup. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara asupan seng pada kelompok belum radiasi dengan kelompok sedang radiasi (5,95 ± 2,57mg vs 8,04 ± 3,26mg; p=0,044). Sebanyak 52,8% subyek memiliki rasio fitat terhadap seng yang tinggi dan tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok belum radiasi dengan kelompok sedang radiasi (p=l,OO). Sebanyak 88.89% subyek penelitian termasuk dalam kelompok dengan kadar seng serum rendah. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan seng maupun rasio fitat terhadap seng dengan kadar seng serum (p=0,873 dan p=0,243). Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara status radiasi dengan kadar seng serum (p=0,873). ......The study aimed to assess serum zinc levels in head and neck cancer patients and its association with radiation status. This cross-sectional study involved 19-59 years locoregional advanced disease head and neck cancer outpatients in General Clinic of Radiotherapy Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Thirty six subjects · completed the study. Data were obtained from interviews, anthropometric measurements, and dietary assessments using 2x24 hours food record, and serum zinc measurements. Mean figure of zinc intake obtained from food record was 7.11 ± 3.12 mg/hari. All subjects in irradiated group had low zinc intake, while 35% subjects in radiated group had sufficient zinc intake. Significant difference on zinc intake was obtained between irradiated and radiated groups (5.95 ± 2.57mg vs 8.04 ± 3.26mg, p=0.044). High phytate zinc ratio was found in 52.8% subjects and there was no significant difforence on phytate zinc ratio between irradiated and radiated groups (p=I.OO). Majority of subjects was categorized as having low serum zinc levels (88.89%). There was no significant association between zinc intake and phytate zinc ratio toward serum zinc levels (p=0.873 dan p=0.243). No significant association was also seen between radiation status and serum zinc levels (p=0.873).