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Abstrak :
Defisiensi seng (Zn) mempunyai peran yang besar pada proses tumbuh-kembang. Hal ini terutama akan berdampak pada anak-anak kekurangan gizi. Zn penting dalam kekebalan tubuh baik yang bersifat lokal maupun sistemik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai dampak suplementasi Zn pada sitokin TNF-a dan diare pada balita dengan malnutrisi berat dari keluarga berpendapatan rendah. Desain penelitian adalah jenis controlled randomized double blind pre-test post-test pada kelompok anak berusia 12-59 bulan. Anak-anak diberi makanan biasa dan dibagi menjadi 2, kelompok kontrol (n+60) dan kelompok intervensi yang diberikan makanan mengandung 15mg/ml Zn. Kadar Zn diukur menggunakan atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), sedangkan TNF-a menggunakan ELISA. Data masukan makanan dikumpulkan melalui cara wawancara makanan dalam 24-jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar Zn serum yang bermakna dan penurunan kadar TNF-a serta penurunan lama dan frekuensi diare setelah intervensi. Kadar Zn meningkat 87,0% pada kelompok intervensi, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol peningkatan hanya sebesar 19,6%. Selain itu, terdapat penurunan bermakna baik pada kadar TNF-a serum maupun feses setelah intervensi (p<0.05). Beratnya gejala maupun lamanya diare berkurang secara bermakna pada kelompok intervensi (p<0.001). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplemen Zn dapat mengurangi lama dan beratnya diare melalui peningkatan kekebalan tubuh, terutama imunitas lokal yang menggunakan TNF- a sebagai biomarker. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 247-51)

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Zinc deficiency has a great impact on growth and development, especially in malnourished children. Zinc is important in both local and systemic immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of zinc supplementation on the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), and diarrhea in severely undernourished under-five children of low-income families. A randomized double blind pre-test post-test controlled design was selected. A group of 12-59 month-old children were given local food, and treated as control group (n=60), and another group (n=60) were given local food with 15 mg/5 ml zinc as intervention group. Zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and TNF-a concentration was determined by ELISA. Data on nutrient intakes were collected using 24-hour food recall method. The result of the study showed that after zinc intervention, zinc serum increased significantly, and TNF-a concentration decreased along with reduction of the duration and frequency of diarrhea. Zinc concentration increased 87.0% in the intervention group, while in the control group the increase was only 19.6%. There was a significant reduction of both serum and fecal TNF-a concentration after intervention (p<0.05). Severity and duration of diarrhea were reduced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). It was concluded that zinc intervention reduced the duration and severity of diarrhea through improvement of immunity, especially local immunity with TNF-a as biomarker. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 247-51)

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Diare akut adalah masalah umum di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia; penyakit ini banyak ditemukan dalam praktek sehari-hari dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Pada beberapa Rumah Sakit di Jakarta ditemukan bahwa pasien diare akut dewasa mengalami defisiensi kadar seng sebesar 69.3%. Pemberian seng sudah terbukti bermanfaat untuk pengobatan diare akut pada anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui dampak suplementasi seng sebagai terapi alternatif / adjuvant untuk pengobatan diare akut pada pasien dewasa, dengan membandingkan lama berlangsung dan berat-ringan gejala pada kelompok pasien yang diberikan dan yang tidak diberikan suplementasi seng. Metode: Double blind randomized controlled trial dilakukan pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek suplementasi seng terhadap durasi dan gejala gastrointestinal pada pasien diare akut rawat inap di RS Pusat Pertamina di Jakarta selama periode Januari-Desember 2013. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi-square (x2) untuk perbandingan durasi diare dan uji general linear model (GLM) untuk menilai tren perubahan gejala penyerta diare. Hasil: Analisis data dari 84 pasien yang dikelola: 30 pasien pria [seng 19, plasebo 11] dan 54 pasien wanita [seng 23, plasebo 31] ~ (p 0.111) memperlihatkan pemberian suplementasi seng bermakna mengurangi durasi diare akut (p 0.027) dan bermakna mengurangi gejala mual (p 0.032). Selain itu ada tren perbaikan pada sebagian gejala penyerta diare akut, seperti sakit perut, frekuensi b.a.b., konsistensi feses, gejala muntah, kembung, dan gangguan aktivitas sehari-hari. Simpulan: Pemberian suplementasi seng bermakna membuat durasi diare akut lebih singkat dan bermakna mengurangi gejala mual, serta perbaikan pada sebagian gejala gastrointestinal.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Acute diarrhea is a common problem in developing countries such as Indonesia; which is found in everyday practice with quite high morbidity and mortality rate. It was revealed in adult acute diarrhea patients in several hospitals in Jakarta the levels of zinc deficiency was 69.3%. Zinc has been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients. Objective: To discover the effectiveness of zinc supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in acute diarrhea for adult patients by comparing the duration and the severity of signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea between the zinc and placebo group. Methods: A double blind randomized controlled trial is done to find out about the effect of zinc supplementation to the duration, signs and symptoms on acute diarrheal in hospitalized adults patients in Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakarta from January-December 2013. The data is analyzed using chi-square test (x2) for comparing the duration of diarrhea and general linear model (GLM) to assess trend changes accompanying symptoms of diarrhea. Results: Analysis of the data from 84 patients: 30 males [19 zinc, 11 placebo] and 54 females [23 zinc, 31 placebo] ~ (p 0.111) obtained zinc supplementation significantly reduced the duration of acute diarrhea (p 0.027) and significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea (p 0.032). In addition there is trend of improvement in some acute diarrhea associated symptoms, such as abdominal pain, frequency of diarrhea, stool consistency, vomiting, bloating, and disruption of daily activities. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly reduce the duration of diarrhea, significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea; besides, improving some symptoms accompanying acute diarrhea.;Background: Acute diarrhea is a common problem in developing countries such as Indonesia; which is found in everyday practice with quite high morbidity and mortality rate. It was revealed in adult acute diarrhea patients in several hospitals in Jakarta the levels of zinc deficiency was 69.3%. Zinc has been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients. Objective: To discover the effectiveness of zinc supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in acute diarrhea for adult patients by comparing the duration and the severity of signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea between the zinc and placebo group. Methods: A double blind randomized controlled trial is done to find out about the effect of zinc supplementation to the duration, signs and symptoms on acute diarrheal in hospitalized adults patients in Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakarta from January-December 2013. The data is analyzed using chi-square test (x2) for comparing the duration of diarrhea and general linear model (GLM) to assess trend changes accompanying symptoms of diarrhea. Results: Analysis of the data from 84 patients: 30 males [19 zinc, 11 placebo] and 54 females [23 zinc, 31 placebo] ~ (p 0.111) obtained zinc supplementation significantly reduced the duration of acute diarrhea (p 0.027) and significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea (p 0.032). In addition there is trend of improvement in some acute diarrhea associated symptoms, such as abdominal pain, frequency of diarrhea, stool consistency, vomiting, bloating, and disruption of daily activities. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly reduce the duration of diarrhea, significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea; besides, improving some symptoms accompanying acute diarrhea., Background: Acute diarrhea is a common problem in developing countries such as Indonesia; which is found in everyday practice with quite high morbidity and mortality rate. It was revealed in adult acute diarrhea patients in several hospitals in Jakarta the levels of zinc deficiency was 69.3%. Zinc has been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients. Objective: To discover the effectiveness of zinc supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in acute diarrhea for adult patients by comparing the duration and the severity of signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea between the zinc and placebo group. Methods: A double blind randomized controlled trial is done to find out about the effect of zinc supplementation to the duration, signs and symptoms on acute diarrheal in hospitalized adults patients in Pertamina Central Hospital in Jakarta from January-December 2013. The data is analyzed using chi-square test (x2) for comparing the duration of diarrhea and general linear model (GLM) to assess trend changes accompanying symptoms of diarrhea. Results: Analysis of the data from 84 patients: 30 males [19 zinc, 11 placebo] and 54 females [23 zinc, 31 placebo] ~ (p 0.111) obtained zinc supplementation significantly reduced the duration of acute diarrhea (p 0.027) and significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea (p 0.032). In addition there is trend of improvement in some acute diarrhea associated symptoms, such as abdominal pain, frequency of diarrhea, stool consistency, vomiting, bloating, and disruption of daily activities. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly reduce the duration of diarrhea, significantly reduce the symptoms of nausea; besides, improving some symptoms accompanying acute diarrhea.]