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Duangnate Pipatsatitpong
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an intestinal flagellate protozoan, which infects in humans and animals. It can be causing giardiasis. The symptoms are acute or chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and dehydration. G. duodenalis can be transmitted by eating food or drinking water contaminated with infected stage cysts. Children who live and share facility in an orphanage are the high risk groups for infection. The objective of this paper is to study the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis infection of asymptomatic individual in a child care center. This study was conducted in Mercy Centre orphanage, Klong Toey community. 289 stool samples were collected from children and childcare workers. Stool samples were extracted DNA. Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-rDNA) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were amplified using Nested PCR. PCR products of gdh gene were cut using NlaIV and RsaI restriction enzymes. Genotypes were identified. The results of this study showed the prevalence of giardiasis in an orphanage, Klong Toey community, Thailand was 17.6% (51/289). PCR-RFLP analysis of 19 samples revealed that genotype AII was 63.2% (12/19), genotype BIV was 31.6% (6/19) and genotype BIII was 5.3% (1/19) respectively. Consequently, the study of prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis is beneficial for control planning of giardiasis in an orphanage, Klong Toey community.
Pathum Thani: Thammasat University, 2018
607 STA 23:3 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ajib Diptyanusa
Abstrak :
Status imunodefisiensi pada individu yang terinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dapat mengakibatkan adanya peningkatan risiko infeksi, salah satunya adalah diare kronis yang disebabkan oleh Cryptosporidium spp. dan Giardia duodenalis. Pada populasi anak, infeksi tersebut dapat berdampak pada gangguan fungsi kognitif dan tumbuh kembang. Gambaran beban kedua penyakit tersebut masih belum jelas, sehingga diagnosis dan tata laksana menjadi terhambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi prevalensi, mendeskripsikan karakteristik klinis, dan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko infeksi Cryptosporidium dan Giardia pada anak yang terdiagnosis HIV. Penelitian bersifat potong lintang pada anak terdiagnosis HIV berusia 6 bulan hingga <18 tahun di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta selama tahun 2021. Penegakan diagnosis infeksi Cryptosporidium dan Giardia adalah berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan PCR feses setelah diskrining secara mikroskopis dan pemeriksaan coproantigen. Karakteristik klinis dan identifikasi faktor risiko didapatkan dari data rekam medis dan pengisian kuesioner oleh pasien/walinya. Dari total 52 subjek, prevalensi kriptosporidiosis adalah 42,3%, sedangkan prevalensi giardiasis adalah 3,8%. Tidak ditemukan infeksi ganda Cryptosporidium spp. dan G. duodenalis. Gejala yang paling banyak dilaporkan adalah penurunan berat badan (19/52; 36,5%) dan diare (11/52; 21,2%). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa adanya gejala diare (AOR 6,5; 95%CI 1,16–36,67), sumber air minum air sumur (AOR 6,7; 95%CI 1,83–24,93), dan air minum yang tidak direbus (AOR 5,8; 95%CI 1,04–32,64) merupakan faktor risiko independen kejadian kriptosporidiosis pada studi ini. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tingginya prevalensi kriptosporidiosis asimtomatik dengan faktor prediktor adanya diare, sumber air minum berupa air sumur, dan air minum yang tidak direbus, sedangkan prevalensi giardiasis rendah dengan gejala yang tidak spesifik. ......Immunodeficiency in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may lead to increased risk of infection, particularly chronic diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. These parasitic infections may cause long-term impact in children, including impaired growth and cognitive function. Actual disease burden is not well studied, hence delay in diagnosis and patient management. Current study aimed to estimate prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, to describe their clinical characteristics, and to identify risk factors of disease transmission in pediatric HIV patients. The cross-sectional study involved participants of children aged 6 months through 18 years with confirmed HIV infection in Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis was made using PCR after being screened with microscopic and coproantigen examinations. Clinical characteristics and risk factors were obtained from medical records and structured questionnaires. A total of 52 participants were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 42.3%, while prevalence of giardiasis was 3.8%. There was no mixed infection observed. Most frequently reported symptoms include weight loss (19/52; 36.5%) and diarrhea (11/52; 21.2%). Multivariate analysis identified the following variables as independent risk factors of cryptosporidiosis: presence of diarrhea (AOR 6.5; 95%CI 1.16–36.67), well water as drinking water source (AOR 6.7; 95%CI 1.83–24.93), drinking untreated water (AOR 5.8; 95%CI 1.04–32.64). Current study showed the prevalent asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis with risk factors including diarrhea, well water for drinking, and drinking untreated water, whereas prevalence of giardiasis was found to be low with nonspecific symptoms.
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nisa Fauziah
Abstrak :
Stunting merupakan manifestasi kondisi gizi buruk atau malnutrisi yang parah dan berisiko tertularnya penyakit infeksi protozoa. Infeksi Blastocystis hominis dan Giardia duodenalis pada kondisi immunokompromis dapat menimbulkan morbiditas lebih tinggi, termasuk pada keadaan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik infeksi B.hominis dan G.duodenalis usus pada populasi anak stunting di Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2020 Sampel penelitian berupa sampel feses dengan preservasi formalin dan RNA later. Data mengenai faktor risiko dan demografis didapatkan melalui wawancara. Total sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 230 sampel. Metode pemeriksaan dilakukan menggunakan metode mikroskopik untuk sampel dengan preservasi formalin, dan metode molekuler (PCR) untuk sampel dengan preservasi RNA later. Analisis data dilakukan uji bivariat dan multivariat. Terdapat 13 sampel positif G. duodenalis dan 128 sampel positif B. hominis dari jumlah total 230 sampel. Variabel jenis kelamin, pendidikan ayah tamat SD dan SMP, pendidikan ibu tidak sekolah, penghasilan di bawah UMR, sumber air menggunakan sumur pompa tangan, jarak sumber air dengan septic tank dan ketidaktersediaan septic tank memiliki nilai risk ratio >1 terhadap infeksi G. duodenalis dan B. hominis. Variabel umur (p-value 0,033), gejala lemas (p-value 0,018), dan keberadaan septic tank (p-value 0,013) memiliki korelasi signifikan terhadap kejadian infeksi G.duodenalis berdasarkan uji m ultivariat. Variabel jenis kelamin memiliki (p-value 0,037) korelasi signifikan terhadap kejadian infeksi B. hominis berdasarkan uji multivariat. Usia, jenis kelamin, dan keberadaan septic tank di rumah merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap infeksi B. hominis dan G. duodenalis. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan menggunakan kontrol balita non-stunting untuk melihat perbandingan dan korelasi lebih dalam antara stunting dan kejadian infeksi. ......Stunting is a manifestation of poor nutritional conditions or severe malnutrition and risk infection of protozoa. Blastocystis hominis and Giardia duodenalis infections in immunocompromised conditions can cause higher morbidity, including stunting. This study aims to determine the characteristics of intestinal protozoan parasite infections in the stunting child population in Bandung Regency. This study is a cross-sectional study in Bandung Regency which was carried out in January-March 2020 and the sample was examined at the Parasitology Laboratory of RSP Unpad. The research samples were feces samples with preservation of formalin and RNA later. Data regarding risk factors and demographic data were obtained through interviews. The total sample in this study was 230 samples. The examination method was carried out using a microscopic method for samples with formalin preservation, and molecular methods (PCR) for samples with later RNA preservation. Data analysis was carried out by bivariate and multivariate tests. There were 13 positive samples for G. duodenalis and 128 positive samples for B. hominis out of a total of 230 samples. The variables of gender, father's education graduated from elementary and junior high school, mother's education is not in school, income below the minimum wage, water source using hand pump wells, distance from water source to septic tank and unavailability of septic tank has a risk ratio value >1 for G.duodenalis and B. hominis infections. Variable age (p-value 0.033), symptoms of weakness (p-value 0.018), and the presence of a septic tank (p-value 0.013) had a significant correlation to the incidence of G. duodenalis infection based on multivariate tests. The gender variable (p-value 0.037) was significantly correlated with the incidence of B. hominis infection based on a multivariate test. Age, gender, and the presence of a septic tank at home are factors that influence B. hominis and G. duodenalis infections. Further research is needed using control of non-stunting toddlers to see deeper comparisons and correlations between stunting and the incidence of infection.
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Laras Budiyani
Abstrak :
Giardia lamblia adalah protozoa parasit usus pada manusia yang umum terdapat di seluruh dunia, dominan pada iklim lembab, dan lebih sering terjadi di negara berkembang. Pada sebagian besar negara berkembang, prevalens giardiasis paling tinggi terjadi pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan infeksi Giardia lamblia dengan status nutrisi balita. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei pemeriksaan parasit usus dan pengukuran tinggi dan berat badan pada balita di kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Pusat tahun 2006. Sejumlah 467 anak di bawah lima tahun dipilih secara acak sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Prevalens infeksi parasit usus pada populasi ini mencapai 65.7%, dengan persentase giardiasis sebesar 4.1%. Sembilan belas orang dengan giardiasis telah dibandingkan dengan 160 orang tanpa infeksi parasit usus untuk melihat adanya perbedaan bermakna pada indikator malnutrisi. Z score dengan nilai -2SD digunakan sebagai cut off point indikator malnutrisi. Sebanyak delapan (42.1%) anak yang terinfeksi dan 53 (33.1%) anak yang bebas infeksi parasit usus mengalami berat badan kurang (underweight). Delapan (42.1%) anak dari kelompok yang terinfeksi dan 60 (37.5%) anak dari kelompok tanpa infeksi parasit usus mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan linear (stunting). 10.5% anak dengan giardiasis dan 26.8% anak tanpa infeksi parasit mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dalam proporsi tubuh (wasting). Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada berat badan dan tinggi badan antara kelompok yang terinfeksi dengan kelompok kelompok tanpa infeksi parasit (p<0.05). Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan indikator antropometri untuk status nutrisi (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ) yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Sebagai kesimpulan, studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa status nutrisi anak balita pada area ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh infeksi Giardia lamblia. ......Giardia lamblia is a common intestinal parasite in human worldwide, dominant in humid climate, especially in developing countries. The prevalence of giardiasis in some of the developing countries is highest in children under five years old. The objective of this cross sectional study is to access the association between giardiasis and nutritional status among children. This study utilized secondary data aquired from a survey for stool analysis of intestinal parasites and measurement of height and weight, which was carried out among children in Jatinegara district in 2006. A total of 467 children under five years old were randomly selected for this study. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection reached 65.7%, with 4.1% infected by Giardia lamblia. Nineteen people with giardiasis were compared with 160 people without infection to observe any significant differentiation on the malnutrition indicators. Z score of -2SD was used as cut off point of malnutrition. A total of eight (42.1%) infected children and 53 (33.1%) children without parasitic infection had underweight. Eight (42.1%) children from infected group and 60 (37.5%) children in control group were stunted. 10.5% children with giardiasis and 26.8% individuals from the noninfected group were wasted. Statisical analysis revealed a significant differentiation for age, weight, and height between the infected group and the noninfected group (p<0.05). However, the antropometric indicator for nutritional status (WAZ,HAZ, and WHZ) did not differ significantly between the infected group non-infected group. In conclusion, this study revealed that nutritional status among under five children in this region is not associated with G. lamblia infection.
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2009
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library