Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"As nineteenth-century realism became more and more intrepid in its pursuit of describing and depicting everyday life, it blurred irrevocably into the caustic and severe mode of literature better named satire. Realism's task of portraying the human became indistinguishable from satire's directive to castigate the human. Introducing an entirely new way of thinking about realism and the Victorian novel, Aaron Matz refers to the fusion of realism and satire as 'satirical realism': it is a mode in which our shared folly and error are so entrenched in everyday life, and so unchanging, that they need no embellishment when rendered in fiction. Focusing on the novels of Eliot, Hardy, Gissing, and Conrad, and the theater of Ibsen, Matz argues that it was the transformation of Victorian realism into satire that granted it immense moral authority, but that led ultimately to its demise."

"Structural realism has rapidly gained in popularity in recent years, but it has splintered into many distinct denominations, often underpinned by diverse motivations. There is, no monolithic position known as ?structural realism,? but there is a general convergence on the idea that a central role is to be played by relational aspects over object-based aspects of ontology. What becomes of causality in a world without fundamental objects? In this book, the foremost authorities on structural realism attempt to answer this and related questions, ?what is structure?? and ?what is an object?? Also featured are the most recent advances in structural realism, including the intersection of mathematical structuralism and structural realism, and the latest treatments of laws and modality in the context of structural realism. "

"The relation between logic and knowledge has been at the heart of a lively debate since the 1960s. On the one hand, the epistemic approaches based their formal arguments in the mathematics of Brouwer and intuitionistic logic. Following Michael Dummett, they started to call themselves `antirealists'. Others persisted with the formal background of the Frege-Tarski tradition, where Cantorian set theory is linked via model theory to classical logic. Jaakko Hintikka tried to unify both traditions by means of what is now known as `explicit epistemic logic'. The editors of the present volume believe that in the age of Alternative Logics, where manifold developments in logic happen at a breathtaking pace, this debate should be revisited. Contributors to this volume happily took on this challenge and responded with new approaches to the debate from both the explicit and the implicit epistemic point of view."

"The tradition in sociology which trying to distinguish natural sciences from social sciences have made the discussion of nature are excluded from the subject of sociology. Afterward this trend is criticized by most of sociologist. The sociologist believe that the tradition has hampered sociologists from understanding environmental problems. This group of sociologists believes that is extremely important to include non-social (natural) factors as variables in sociological analysis in order to allow the discipline to solve environmental problems. However, some of sociologist are against this attempt and explain that even though sociology does not include non-social factors in the analysis; sociology, as a discipline, has given its attention to the awareness in environmental problems and emphasized numerous studies that give sufficient contribution to the environment. Thus, in its effort to solve the environmental problems, sociology gives 2 (two) different answers which are represented in 2 (two) different perspectives. The two perspectives have made sociology capable of giving important contribution in both understanding and solving existing environmental problems faced by different societies in the world. These two perspectives, with its own capability, has given a meaningful contribution."

"One of the perennial themes in philosophy is the problem of our access to the world around us; do our perceptual systems bring us into contact with the world as it is or does perception depend upon our individual conceptual frameworks? This volume of new essays examines reference as it relates to perception, action and realism, and the questions which arise if there is no neutral perspective or independent way to know the world. The essays discuss the nature of referring, concentrating on the way perceptual reference links us with the observable world, and go on to examine the implications of theories of perceptual reference for realism and the way in which scientific theories refer and thus connect us with the world. They will be of interest to a wide range of readers in philosophy of psychology, cognitive science and action theory.Machine generated contents note: 1. Reference, perception, and realism Athanassios Raftopoulos and Peter Machamer; 2. Towards an (improved) interdisciplinary investigation of demonstrative reference Amanda Brovold and Rick Grush; 3. Visual demonstratives Mohan Matthen; 4. Losing grip on the world: from illusion to sense-data Derek Brown; 5. Perceiving the intended model John Campbell; 6. Individuation, reference, and sortal terms Jonathan Lowe; 7. Action, perception, and reference Peter Machamer and Lisa Osbeck; 8. Personal and semantic reference Gerald Vision; 9. Reference from a behaviorist point of view Don Howard; 10. Causal-descriptivism and the reference of theoretical terms Stathis Psillos; 11. Scientific representation, denotation, and explanatory power Demetris Portides; 12. Referring to localized cognitive operations in parts of dynamically active brains William Bechtel."

"Peran Qatar sebagai mediator regional merupakan langkah untuk menciptakan persona politik yang independen. Sebagai mediator, Qatar menunjukkan kebijakan politik luar negeri yang terbuka. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan hubungan diplomatik dengan aktor non-negara dan negara-negara di Timur Tengah, termasuk Afghanistan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus untuk menelaah kebijakan luar negeri yang diimplementasikan Qatar dengan negara-negara maupun aktor non-negara yang terlibat dalam konflik Afghanistan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Qatar menjadi mediator dalam konflik Afghanistan guna memperjuangkan kepentingan nasionalnya dan meningkatkan pengaruh maupun posisi di tingkat regional dan global. Berdasarkan teori realisme, dalam mencapai tujuannya Qatar melakukan mediasi konflik terhadap negara-negara yang berpotensi memberikan ancaman terhadap keamanan nasional, regional dan global. Dari penelitian juga terlihat bahwa Qatar sangat rasional dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan. Pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri tersebut mempertimbangkan manfaat, biaya dan keuntungan yang maksimal. Bentuk implementasi dari kebijakan luar negeri yang diambil Qatar tercermin di era Hamad bin Khalifa al Thani maupun Tamim bin Hamad Khalifa al Thani. Kedua tokoh tersebut menggunakan diplomasi dari sisi sosial, ekonomi dan politik, serta budaya dalam menghilangkan konflik di Afghanistan. Kebijakan luar negeri Qatar di bawah kepemimpinan Hamad bin Al Thani dan Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani telah membawa perubahan. Hal ini tentunya dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi potensi ancaman yang dapat mengganggu keamanan nasional dan instabilitas kawasan. 

---

Qatar's role as a regional mediator is a step towards creating an independent political persona. As a mediator, Qatar showing an open foreign policy. This is done to develop diplomatic relations with non-state actors and countries in the Middle East, including Afghanistan. This research is using a case study approach to examine the foreign policy implemented by Qatar with countries and non-state actors involved in the Afghanistan conflict. The results of this study indicate that Qatar became a mediator in the Afghanistan conflict in order to fight for their national interests and increase influence and position at the regional and global levels. Based on the theory of realism, in achieving its goals Qatar mediates conflicts against countries that have the potential to pose a threat to national, regional and global security. The research also shows that Qatar is very rational in the policy-making process. This foreign policy decision considers maximum benefits, costs and profits. The form of implementation of foreign policy adopted by Qatar is reflected in the era of Hamad bin Khalifa al Thani and Tamim bin Hamad Khalifa al Thani. The two figures used diplomacy from a social, economic and political perspective, as well as culture in eliminating conflict in Afghanistan. Qatar's foreign policy under the leadership of Hamad bin Al Thani and Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani has brought about a change. This is done to anticipate all potential threats that could disrupt national security and regional instability."

"Penelitian ini mencoba melihat bagaimana sastrawan Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat (Lekra) menerapkan realisme sosialis kedalam cerita-cerita pendek yang mereka publikasikan di koran Harian Rakyat untuk memahami definisi realisme sosialis menurut Lekra. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan Metode Sejarah. Dari penelitian ini terbukti bahwa realisme sosialis Lekra, sebagaimana yang tercermin dalam cerpen-cerpen yang terbit di Harian Rakyat, bukan merupakan sebuah panduan estetika melainkan pedoman berkarya dan bersikap. Selain itu, motif penerbitan karya mengacu pada kepentingan dan resolusi yang diusung oleh Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI).

---

This research attempts to observe how Peoples Culture Institute (Lekra) implemented socialist realism into their short stories published in Harian Rakyat newspaper from 1950 until 1965 to see Lekra’s definition on socialist realism. This research is based on the Historical Method. It was assumed that Lekra’s view on Socialist Realism is not as an aesthetic measurement but an artistic attitude. Lekra’s Short Stories theme is generally based on PKI’s resolution and guidelines."

"Summary:Written by the most influential scholars in International Relations, the fourth edition of this bestselling textbook provides a lively introduction to all the major theories of International Relations and draws on case studies to show how theory can help explain the dynamics of world politics."