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"Some diseases, such as cancer, hereditary and genetic diseases, as well as viral infectious diseases, have been treated unsatisfied by the conventional therapy so far, and even more, by the gene therapy. Together sixth the pharmaceutical industries, researchers put their best effort to hunt some molecules that can be mow favorable for such kind of therapy. After a pivotal study reported in May, 2001, it is certain that Ribonucleic acid (RNA) could effectively silence gene expression in mammalian cell line, SQ it was then proposed in 2004 the term RNA therapeutics. Antisense RNA therapy which came into the atage earlier seemed to be the one that can answer all the problems in knocking out the unwanted messenger in gate expression. RNA interference (RNAi) concept, which came later us around 2QOQ, began to look like a possible contender. It was reported some studies that RNAi seem to have some more advantages over hath stronger gene-silencing effects and greater ease of use. However, the main obstacle of all kind of gene therapy is, undoubtedly, on the delivery of this molecule to enter the target eel!, and mostly to where it is needed most inside the body. Some studies on genetic Material delivery system have been reported, and their progress has been discussed."

"After Indonesian independence in 1945, thousands of Indonesian Chinese repatriated to the Netherlands, the former colonizer. As opposed to other repatriates from Indonesia, who organized themselves into pressure groups and fought for a place in the national memory culture, the Indonesian Chinese in the Netherlands only formed strict socio cultural associations and have generally stayed clear of identity politics. Usually, this divergence is attributed to the smooth integration and socio economic success of the latter group, as well as to Chinese values, such as conflict avoidance. This article adds to this explanation by positing that this phenomenon has also been induced by the legacy of anti Chinese violence in colonial and postcolonial Indonesia: respectively, Dutch discomfort to acknowledge the violent and discriminatory elements of its own colonial history, as well as a fear of offending the Indonesian government. Consequently, many Indonesian Chinese in the Netherlands have engaged in some form. of public self silencing. "

"Resistensi terhadap antibiotik di bidang kesehatan dapat dialami juga oleh antimikroba yang digunakan di bidang pangan. Selama ini di bidang pangan digunakan bakteriosin sebagai antimikroba. Bakteri penghasil bakteriosin terlindungi dari bakteriosin yang dihasilkannya karena memiliki bacteriocin immunity protein (bip). Gen bakteriosin disandikan bersama dengan gen imunitasnya dalam kondisi yang disebut sebagai quorum sensing. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, telah dilakukan konfirmasi uji aktivitas bacteriocin like inhibitory substance (BLIS) Weissella confusa MBF 8-1 terhadap beberapa bakteri patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari metode gene silencing dengan menggunakan model aktivitas BLIS dan bip.Pada penelitian ini dirancang sekuens siRNA bip dengan menggunakan informasi data sekuens dari basis data dan dari data whole genome sequence galur model Weissella confusa MBF8-1. Untuk membuktikan aktivitas gene silencing dari siRNA sintetik tersebut secara in vivo terhadap inang MBF 8-1 maka dilakukan esei zona hambat. Hasil rancangan siRNA yang diperoleh hanya menarget pada gene silencing di MBF 8-1. Berdasarkan analisis algoritma dan BLAST berhasil diperoleh rancangan siRNA kandidat utama, yaitu bip-a MBF 8-1_1 yang secara in vivo menunjukkan aktivitas gene silencing yang poten terhadap inangnya.

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Resistance to antibiotics in the health sector can be experienced by antimicrobial in the food industry. During this period, food industry has used bacteriocin as an antimicrobial. Bacteria is protected from its bacteriocin because it has bacteriocin immunity protein (bip). Bacteriocin gene is encoded with its immunity protein gene on a condition which was called as quorum sensing. In previous study, Weissella confusa MBF 8-1 possess Bacteriocin Like Inhibitory Substance (BLIS) activity against several pathogen bacteria. This study aimed to study gene silencing method using BLIS and bip activity as model.On this study siRNA bip sequence was designed using information from sequence database and model Weissella confusa MBF 8-1 whole genome sequence database. Disc dilution method was done to prove gene silencing activity of synthetic siRNA against its own host MBF 8-1. Result revealed that siRNA design is aimed as a gene silencing agent against MBF 8-1 alone. Based on algorithm analysis and BLAST, top rank bip-a MBF 8-1_1 siRNA design is potent and has proved its gene silencing activity against its own host."

"Dominasi kelompok laki-laki terhadap perempuan dalam masyarakat menimbulkan diskriminasi gender di tempat kerja. Ketimpangan gender menunjukkan bagaimana perempuan tidak mampu berbicara lantang karena dibungkam oleh kelompok dominan. Akibat dari dominasi oleh laki-laki di tempat kerja adalah wanita tidak dapat mengekspresikan diri mereka dengan bebas. Jika wanita mencoba untuk menyuarakan suara mereka, akan menghambat efektifitas kerja dan berujung pada mengundurkan diri dari pekerjaan. Kejadian ini menunjukan Teori Muted Group yang berfokus pada kurangnya suara dan juga perlawanan terhadap pembungkaman. What Men Want (2019) adalah film produksi Amerika yang disutradarai oleh Adam Shankman yang menggambarkan diskriminasi gender di tempat kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis film naratif, yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan teori Muted Group dengan keadaan lingkungan kehidupan nyata yang digambarkan dalam film What Men Want (2019). Studi ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki terus mendominasi tempat kerja yang menghambat wanita untuk berkembang dalam pekerjaanya dan hal ini digambarkan dalam perfilman Amerika. Studi ini menemukan bahwa perempuan dianggap sebagai kelompok bisu karena perempuan tidak mendapatkan kesempatan promosi yang sama seperti laki-laki yang digambarkan dalam film What Men Want (2019) karena kebisuan dan ketidakmampuan mereka untuk tampil sesuai dengan pikiran dan bahasa mereka mengakibatkan diskriminasi di tempat kerja. oleh laki-laki. Film ini menggambarkan karakter perempuan sebagai sosok yang tidak berdaya di tempat kerja ketika pendapat mereka tidak didengar selama proses pengambilan keputusan karena laki-laki membungkam mereka sebagai kelompok dominasi. Untuk rekapitulasi, dominasi dan diskriminasi laki-laki terhadap perempuan di tempat kerja mengakibatkan pelecehan, penghinaan, dan merendahkan perempuan, seperti yang digambarkan dalam What Men Want (2019).

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The domination of men over women in society creates gender discrimination in the workplace. Gender imbalance shows how women are unable to speak out loud because they are silenced by the dominant group. The result of domination by men in the workplace is that women cannot express themselves freely. If women try to voice their voices, it will hinder work effectiveness and lead to resigning from work. This would result in Muted Group Theory focuses on lack of voice as well as resistance to silencing. What Men Want (2019) is an American film directed by Adam Shankman that depicts gender discrimination in the workplace. This study uses narrative film analysis, which aims to connect Muted Group theory to the real-life environmental circumstance portrayed in the film What Men Want (2019). This study is used to show that men continue to dominate the workplace, which hinders women from developing in their jobs and this is depicted in American cinema. This study found that women are regarded as the muted group as women do not get equal promotion opportunities as men portrayed in the film What Men Want (2019) because of their silence and incapacity to perform in line with their thoughts and language results in workplace discrimination by males. The film illustrates women characters as powerless undervalued in the workplace when their opinion is unheard during the decision-making process because men are muting them as the domination group. To recapitulate, men's domination and discrimination towards women at work resulted in harassment, humiliation, and undervaluing women, as depicted in What Men Want (2019)."

"Dominasi kelompok laki-laki terhadap perempuan dalam masyarakat menimbulkan diskriminasi gender di tempat kerja. Ketimpangan gender menunjukkan bagaimana perempuan tidak mampu berbicara lantang karena dibungkam oleh kelompok dominan. Akibat dari dominasi oleh laki-laki di tempat kerja adalah wanita tidak dapat mengekspresikan diri mereka dengan bebas. Jika wanita mencoba untuk menyuarakan suara mereka, akan menghambat efektifitas kerja dan berujung pada mengundurkan diri dari pekerjaan. Kejadian ini menunjukan Teori Muted Group yang berfokus pada kurangnya suara dan juga perlawanan terhadap pembungkaman. What Men Want (2019) adalah film produksi Amerika yang disutradarai oleh Adam Shankman yang menggambarkan diskriminasi gender di tempat kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis film naratif, yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan teori Muted Group dengan keadaan lingkungan kehidupan nyata yang digambarkan dalam film What Men Want (2019). Studi ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki terus mendominasi tempat kerja yang menghambat wanita untuk berkembang dalam pekerjaanya dan hal ini digambarkan dalam perfilman Amerika. Studi ini menemukan bahwa perempuan dianggap sebagai kelompok bisu karena perempuan tidak mendapatkan kesempatan promosi yang sama seperti laki-laki yang digambarkan dalam film What Men Want (2019) karena kebisuan dan ketidakmampuan mereka untuk tampil sesuai dengan pikiran dan bahasa mereka mengakibatkan diskriminasi di tempat kerja. oleh laki-laki. Film ini menggambarkan karakter perempuan sebagai sosok yang tidak berdaya di tempat kerja ketika pendapat mereka tidak didengar selama proses pengambilan keputusan karena laki-laki membungkam mereka sebagai kelompok dominasi. Untuk rekapitulasi, dominasi dan diskriminasi laki-laki terhadap perempuan di tempat kerja mengakibatkan pelecehan, penghinaan, dan merendahkan perempuan, seperti yang digambarkan dalam What Men Want (2019).

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The domination of men over women in society creates gender discrimination in the workplace. Gender imbalance shows how women are unable to speak out loud because they are silenced by the dominant group. The result of domination by men in the workplace is that women cannot express themselves freely. If women try to voice their voices, it will hinder work effectiveness and lead to resigning from work. This would result in Muted Group Theory focuses on lack of voice as well as resistance to silencing. What Men Want (2019) is an American film directed by Adam Shankman that depicts gender discrimination in the workplace. This study uses narrative film analysis, which aims to connect Muted Group theory to the real-life environmental circumstance portrayed in the film What Men Want (2019). This study is used to show that men continue to dominate the workplace, which hinders women from developing in their jobs and this is depicted in American cinema. This study found that women are regarded as the muted group as women do not get equal promotion opportunities as men portrayed in the film What Men Want (2019) because of their silence and incapacity to perform in line with their thoughts and language results in workplace discrimination by males. The film illustrates women characters as powerless undervalued in the workplace when their opinion is unheard during the decision-making process because men are muting them as the domination group. To recapitulate, men's domination and discrimination towards women at work resulted in harassment, humiliation, and undervaluing women, as depicted in What Men Want (2019)."