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"ABSTRAKTesis ini memperbandingkan pretorianisme militer dalam politik Negara, mengambil studi kasus Indonesia dan Myanmar. Dengan menggunakan teori pretorianisme Eric Nordlinger, tesis ini membandingkan kedua Negara tersebut melalui empat indikator penting dalam teori petorianisme Eric Nordlinger, diantaranya : a penghapusan dan pembatasan persaingan dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam politik, b upaya mempertahankan kekuasaan oleh rezim militer secara terpusat, c pertumbuhan dan modernisasi ekonomi dan d kecenderungan mempertahankan status quo ekonomi dibandingkan mengupayakan ekonomi yang progresif.Melalui penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa di Indonesia rezim Orde baru memiliki melakukan pembatasan persaingan dan keterlibatan dalam politik, sedangkan di Myanmar, rezim junta militer penghapuskan persaingan dan keterlibatan politik. Orde baru di Indonesia mengupayakan keberlangsungan kekuasaannya melalui mobilisasi politik, indoktrinasi di desa-desa, serta sensor atas media-media cara represif juga digunakan untuk meredam penentangan terhadap pemerintah , rezim junta militer di Myanmar mengupayakan indoktrinasi, kontrol serta pengawasan atas media-media namun cara represif lebih dominan. Orde Baru di Indonesia mengelola pertumbuhan ekonomi dan modernisasi dengan meliberalisasi perekonomian, investasi asing masuk membawa alih teknologi dan modernisasi di Indonesia, rezim junta militer Myanmar justru memberlakukan kebijakan ekonomi isolasionis yang melakukan nasionalisasi perusahaan-perusahaan serta membatasi masuknya modal asing. Orde Baru di Indonesia mengupayakan kebijakan-kebijakan ekonomi progresif di pedesaan, akan tetapi secara porsi justru Orde Baru cenderung menngkonsentrasikan kapital dan pembangunan di pusat ketimbang daerah-daerah. Rezim Junta Myanmar juga memberlakukan kebijakan progresif terhadap petani namun konsentrasi kapital tetap berada pada kelompok militer. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa secara teoritik dalam aspek politik dibutuhkan indikator tambahan mengenai pelanggaran HAM serta dalam aspek ekonomi dibutuhkan tambahan indikator mengenai konglomerasi oleh militer, karena kedua hal tersebut sangat menonjol di kedua negara.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis comparing military praetorianism in Indonesia rsquo s New Order Era and Myanmar rsquo s Military Junta using the theoretical explanation of Eric Nordlinger rsquo s Praetorianism. There are four important indicators that can help us to compare both countries such as a the abolition and limitation of competition and involvement in politics for civilians b the military regime efforts to maintain the continuity of the regime c economic development and modernization and d the intention of ruler praetorians to preserve the economic status quo rather than progressive economy.This paper found that Indonesia rsquo s New Order tend to limit competitions and involvement of civilians in the politics while Myanmar rsquo s military junta abolished the competition and involvement of civilian in the politics. Indonesia rsquo s New Order regime tend to maintain the continuity of the regime through political mobilization and indoctrination especially for villagers, and media control, aside of repressive way. Myanmar rsquo s military Junta also tend to maintain the power by indoctrination and control over media, but the repressive actions by military was more dominant. Indonesia rsquo s New Order maintaining economic development and modernization through economic liberalization, foreign investment brought technological transfer and modernization, meanwhile the Myanmar rsquo s military junta regime imposing isolationist economic policy and nationaliziation of foreign enterprises and limit the foreign investment inflow within the country. Indonesia rsquo s New Order regime attempt to achieve progressive policies such as building public facilities for villagers but there was still huge disparity between economy in the village and central region. The capital was centralized within the circle of Jendral Soeharto rsquo s cronies. Myanmar rsquo s military junta government also attempt to achieve progressive policies toward peasants and farmers in the village by building public facilities and credit special for peasants and farmers, but the overall capital in fact concentrated within the military. This thesis found that more indicator needed about human rights violation and groups conglomeration of military, as the two aspects are very significant within the two countries"

"Permasalahan Laut Cina Selatan merupakan permasalahan yang belum mencapai titik terang sampai dengan saat ini. Ketegangan kembali menguat setelah munculnya China Threat Teory serta gencarnya kebijakan Belt and Road Initiative oleh pemerintah China yang mencangkup Silk Road Economic dan Maritime Silk Road. Klaim Cina terhadap Kawasan Laut Cina Selatan dengan Nine Dash Line menimbulkan keresahan di negara kawasan ASEAN yang sebagian besar memiliki klaim yang tumpang tindih. Indonesia tidak termasuk sebagai negera penuntut dalam kasus sengketa di Laut Cina Selatan, namun demikian Indonesia turut terkena imbasnya dengan klaim perairan Natuna utara yang diakui Cina sebagai Traditional Fishing Ground. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran tingkat ancaman Cina terhadap Indonesia dengna menggunakan metode penilaian ancaman Prunckun untuk menilai persepsi tingkat ancaman dari pihak Indonesia. Peneliti menggunakan metodekualitatif, dengan menganalisis hasil wawancara dengan narasumber secara mendalam tentang respon yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap pergerakan yang dilakukan Cina di Laut Cina Selatan. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti berfokus dengan mengkaji respon pemerintah khususnya dari dua sisi komponen strategis yakni aspek kekuatan bersenjata dan aspek ekonomi. Dari dua aspek tersebut dilakukan perbandingan respon untuk melihat konsistensi pemerintah dalam menghadapi ancaman Cina. Dalam penelitian ini didapat bahwa langkah pemerintah dari dua aspek tersebut menunjukkan tidak sejalan. Kemudian Peneliti menggunakan K3N sebagai alat untuk memberikan produk Intelijen sebagai bentuk fungsi intelijen yakni Warning, Forecasting dan Problem Solving.

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The South China Sea problem is a problem that has not yet reached the bright spot until now. Tensions have strengthened again after the emergence of China Threat Theory and the incessant Belt and Road Initiative policy by the Chinese government which includes the Silk Road Economic and Maritime Silk Road. China's claim to the South China Sea Area with the Nine Dash Line has caused unrest in ASEAN countries, most of which have overlapping claims. Indonesia is not included as a claimant country in cases of disputes in the South China Sea, however, Indonesia is also affected by the claim that the North Natuna waters are recognized by China as the Traditional Fishing Ground. In this study, the measurement of China's threat level to Indonesia was carried out using the Prunckun threat assessment method to assess the perceived threat level from the Indonesian side. The researcher used a qualitative method, by analyzing the results of interviews with sources in depth about the response made by the Indonesian government to the movements carried out by China in the South China Sea. In this study, researchers focused on examining the government's response, especially from the two sides of the strategic component, namely the aspect of armed power and the economic aspect. From these two aspects, a response was compared to see the consistency of the government in facing the Chinese threat. In this study, it was found that the government's steps from these two aspects showed that they were not in line. Then the researcher used K3N as a tool to provide intelligence products as a form of intelligence function, namely Warning, Forecasting and Problem Solving.

"

"Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai ketahanan demokrasi di DKI Jakarta dengan studi kasus partisipasi politik perempuan. Partisipasi politik perempuan merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam menilai kualitas dan ketahanan demokrasi, karena keterwakilan yang inklusif dan beragam mampu meningkatkan legitimasi dan responsivitas sistem politik. Meskipun peraturan perundang-undangan telah menetapkan kuota keterwakilan perempuan sebesar 30%, pada realisasinya DKI Jakarta belum mampu memenuhi kuota keterwakilan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, mengkaji berbagai faktor seperti komitmen partai politik, kebijakan, kuota gender, dukungan kampanye, serta budaya politik masyarakat. Dengan merujuk pada teori demokrasi, ketahanan demokrasi, gender, dan akuntabilitas demokrasi, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tantangan eksternal dan internal bagi perempuan dalam proses demokrasi di DKI Jakarta. Membangun jaringan politik, melakukan advokasi, dan menggerakkan kampanye untuk kesadaran politik masyarakat yang baru, menjadi contoh strategi utama untuk mencapai keterwakilan 30% perempuan di parlemen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan budaya politik, stigma sosial, dukungan finansial dan sosial, serta lemahnya kebijakan menjadi unsur-unsur yang mempengaruhi kegagalan DKI Jakarta mencapai kuota 30% keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen. Penelitian ini juga memberikan rekomendasi dan pandangan mendalam tentang penguatan ketahanan demokrasi serta peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan dalam menghadapi upayaupaya yang dapat menjadikan demokrasi menjadi rentan.

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This study examines the resilience of democracy in DKI Jakarta with a case study of women's political participation. Women's political participation is one of the important indicators in assessing the quality and resilience of democracy, because inclusive and diverse representation can increase the legitimacy and responsiveness of the political system. Although the legislation has set a quota for women's representation of 30%, in reality DKI Jakarta has not been able to meet the quota. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, examining various factors such as political party commitment, policies, gender quotas, campaign support, and the political culture of the community. Referring to the theories of democracy, democratic resilience, gender, and democratic accountability, this study identifies external and internal challenges for women in the democratic process in DKI Jakarta. Building political networks, conducting advocacy, and mobilizing campaigns for new political awareness of the community are examples of the main strategies to achieve 30% representation of women in parliament. The results of the analysis show that political culture, social stigma, financial and social support, and weak policies are elements that influence DKI Jakarta's failure to achieve the quota of 30% representation of women in parliament. This study also provides recommendations and in-depth insights on strengthening democratic resilience and increasing women's political participation in facing efforts that can make democracy vulnerable."

"Dengan adanya permintaan Singapura akan pasir Indonesia memicu maraknya penambangan pasir di wilayah kepri untuk dijual baik legal maupun ilegal ke negara Singapura. Secara ekonomi maupun secara keamanan negara Indonesia dirugikan akibat penjualan pasir tersebut ke Singapura.Penelitian ini bertujuan : (I) Mendiskripsikan dan menjelaskan terjadinya penambangan pasir taut dan darat di Kepulauan Riau ; (2) Mengukur berapa banyak pasir yang dijual secara illegal ke Singapura ; (3) Mengestimasi dampak penambangan pasir laut dan darat di pantai terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah Provinsi Riau.Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung ke tempat melalui wawancara kepada masyarakat di lokasi dengan metode triangulasi serta menganalisis dokumen - dokumen yang ada pada instansi - instansi terkait.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) Penjualan pasir galian ke Singapura dimotivasi oleh kebutuhan Singapura untuk pembangunan dan reklamasi perluasan pantai. Masyarakat di Kepulauan Riau dimotivasi oleh menghilangkan pengangguran dan kemiskinan. Pemerintah Daerah Riau dimotivasi oleh. adanya peluang meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah ( PAD ). Pengusaha mendapatkan keuntungan usaha ; (2) Terdapat sekitar 120.000 ton pasir darat per bulan yang diekspor ke Singapura dengan harga jual Sin $ 6.5 - Sin S 15 per ton ( 1 m3 = 1,2 ton) ; (3) Dampak terhadap keutuhan wilayah Kepulauan Riau ialah kerusakan lingkungan, tergangunya pelayaran Taut, dalam hal lain Pendapatan Asli Daerah ( PAD) meningkat

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A lot of sea and land sand mining in Riau Islands has triggered legal and illegal sand selling to Singapore. Indonesia has some losses not only in terms of economics aspect but also in its national security, because of the sand selling to Singapore.The objective of the research are : (1) Describing and explaining the sea and land sand mining in Riau Islands ; (2) Measuring how much sand has been sold illegally to Singapore : (3) Estimating the effect of sea and land mining on shores in term of Riau Province Territory Defense.The method to be used is a direct observation to the location by interviewing people in the location using method of triangulation and analyzing documents at related institutions.The research result shows that: (1) the sand selling to Singapore is motivated by the Singapore's need of development and reclamation of shore extension. People in Riau Islands are motivated to eradicate unemployment and poverty. Riau government is motivated by the opportunity to increase its GDP (Gross Domestic Products). The businessmen get their company profit ; (2) There is about 120.000 ton land sand per month which is exported to Singapore worth Sin $ 6.5 - Sin $ 15 per ton (1 m3 = 1.2 ton ) ; (3) The effect on the existence of Riau Islands is The environmental damage and the disturbance on sea traffic. On the other hand, GDP is increasing."

"Konsepsi hukum negara kepulauan atau Wawasan Nusantara yang diperjuangk.an Indonesia melalui pemyataan "Deklarasi Djuanda" tanggal !3 Desember 1957, akhirnya membuahkan hasH dengan diterimanya United Nations Convention 011 the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) atau Konvensi PBB tentang Hukum Laut yang ditandatangani di Montego Bay Jamaica, tanggallO Desember 1982, Indonesia kemudian meratiflkasi Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982 ini dengan Undang-undang Nomor 17 tahun 1985 tanggal 13 Desember 1985. Ini artinya konsepsi Wawasan Nusantara menjadi salah satu prinsip yang diterima dan diakui dalam hukum laut internasional yang baru. Tetapi Pengakuan terhadap prinsip negara kepulauan Indonesia daJam Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982 barns pula dibayar dengan mewadahi dan menghormati kepentingan yang sah dan hak-hak tertentu negara pengguna perairan negara kepufauan. seperti hak Iintas kapal dan pesawat udara asing melalui alur laut kepulauan (The Right of Archipelagic Sealanes Passage). Pelaksanaan hak lintas alur-alur !aut kepulauan telah diakomodasikan berdasarkan Pasal 53 ayat (1) Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982 yang dapat dilaksanakan melalui alur-alur laut kepulauan yang ditentukan oleh negara kepulauan bersama-sama dengan International Maritime Organization (IMO). Penetapan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) selain dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi kegiatan pembangunan nasional untuk kesejahteraan rakyat, juga dapat menimbulkan potensi ancaman terhadap kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Kondisi geografi Indonesia memliiki posisi terbuka yang setiap saat dapat menjadi peluang bagi negara lain untuk masuk dan melakukan aktivitasnya di wilayah Indonesia dengan berbagai dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Potensi Ancaman di ALKI tentu akan berdampak kepada Iingkungan perairan dan pulau sekitarnya, begitu pula sebaliknya. Penelitian ini mengarnbil studi kasus di ALKI II sebagai alur !aut yang menghubungkan pelayaran internasional dan Laut Sulawesi melintasi Selat Makasar, Laut Flores dan Selat Lombok ke Samudera Hindia atau sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan, pertama untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpotensi menjadi ancaman terhadap ALKI U serta bagaimana dampaknya terhadap ketahanan nasional dan kedua untuk merumuskan kebijakan dan strategi yang dapat ditempuh berkaitan dengan penanggulangan masalah keamanan di sekitar ALKI II. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa upaya pengamanan ALKl membutuhkan kemampuan pencegahan dan penangkalan melalui kerjasama dan koordinasl yang melibatkan peran seluruh instansi yang berwenang di dalam negeri serta melalui kerjasama dengan negara-negara lain dalam hal dukungan teknis berkaitan dengan peningkatan kontrol dan pengendalian keamanan di ALKI.

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The conception of law of archipelagic country which was struggled by Indonesia via statement of 'Djoeanda Declaration' 13 December 1957, finally obtained by the acceptableness of UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea). This is ratified in Montego Bay Jamaica on 10 December 1982. Then Indonesia ratified this convention based on the constitution No. 17 1985 on 13 December !985. It meant the conception of archipelagic country became one of the principles which were acknowledged by the global of law of the sea as the new one. And this acknowledgment should be paid by respecting the legitimate interest and certain rights of the country which used the sea lanes passage and also aero lanes passage. The application of the right of sea lanes passage was accommodated by section 53 verse I on convention of law of the sea 1982 which also approved by IMO (International Maritime Organization). The setting of Indonesian Sea lanes passage earn contribute a positive effect on the national development for the prosperity of people. And also can affect a potency of threat (external threat) against national security, Indonesia has an opened geography condition which every time can invite a foreign country to do an illegal passing and activity in the national territory. The potency of threat in Indonesian archipelago definitely would effect to territorial waters and lands. So would they on the other way. This research took a place in ALKI II as the sea lanes connected an international voyage from Sulawesi sea passing through Makassar Straits, Flores sea and Lombok straits to Indian Ocean or opposite of it. This research aimed first to identify several aspects had potency to be a threat against ALKI II And its effect to the national defense. Second to fond couple policies and strategies which should be taken to secure around ALKI II. The results of this research concluded the efforts to secure ALKI required the competence to prevent and handle via joint and coordination which evolved all authorized agencies in our country. Also to build a mutual joints with regional countries for the technical backup to increase monitoring and controlling around ALKI."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang bagaimana kontribusi KONI dalam sistem keolahragaan nasional dalam rangka ketahanan nasional. Yang menjadi latar belakang permasalahan penulisan ini adalah Pembangunan olahraga di Indonesia yang diatur dalam suatu Sistem Keolahragaan Nasional mencakup olahraga pendidikan, olahraga rekreasi dan olahraga prestasi. Ketiga lingkup olahraga ini dilakukan pembinaan dan pengembangan olahraga secara terencana, sistematik, berjenjang dan berkelanjutan.Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia (KONI) yang dibentuk dari indukinduk organisasi cabang-cabang olahraga dan ditetapkan oleh masyarakat. Membantu Pemerintah dalam membuat kebijakan nasional dalam bidang pengelolaan, pembinaan, dan pengembangan olahraga prestasi pada tingkat nasional. Pembinaan dan pengembangan keolahragaan di Indonesia terutama untuk olahraga prestasi menurut Paulus Pasumey ada tujuh faktor untuk meningkatkan prestasi antara lain: keadaan sarana dan prasarana, system pembinaan cabor, keadaan kondisi atlet, ketrampilan teknik/skill, perekaman taktik/strategi, dan keadaan psikologi atlet.Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah diskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik mengumpulkan data primer dengan wawancara dengan nara sumber tokoh atau organisasi keolahragaan di Indonesia, sedangkan data sekunder dari mengutip teori-teori, buku/literatur yang berhubungan dengan keolahragaan dan ketahanan nasional, koran, dan intermet. Sebagai temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah peningkatan pembinaan dan pengembangan olahraga prestasi dalam pelaksanaanya perlu adanya perhatian serius tentang kualitas sumber daya manusia tenaga keolahragaan nasional (olahragawan, pelatih, wasit/juri, pengurus organisasi keolahragaan), infrastruktur olahraga (sarana dan prasarana), alokasi anggaran dan dana keolahragaan nasional, penerapan Iptek olahraga dan kesejahteraan olahragawan nasional.Kontribusi KONI dalam keolahragaan nasional belum mampu namun masih perlu ditingkatkan terutama dalam peningkatan pembinaan dan pengembangan olahraga nasional agar dapat mencapai prestasi di even internasional untuk mengharumkan dan mengangkat harkat dan martabat bangsa dan Negara serta memperkokoh Ketahanan nasional.

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This thesis discusses how the contribution of KONI in national sports system in the framework of national defense. The background of this paper is the development problems of sports in Indonesia are regulated in a National Sport System includes education sports, recreation sports and achievements sports. Thirdly the scope of this exercise done coaching and sports development in planed, systematic, gradual and sustainable.National Sports Committee (KONI), which was formed from the parentthe parent organization?s branches and determined by community sports, Assist government in making national policy in field of management, coaching, and development of sport excellence at the national level. Coaching and sport development in Indonesia, especially for sports performance by Paul Pasumey there are seven factors to improve achievement among others, state facilities and infrastructure, sports coaching systems, the state of condition the athlete, skill techniques/skill, recording tactics/strategies, and psychological of athletes.The method used in this writing is descriptive qualitative techniques to collect primary data with interviews with prominent speakers or sports organization in Indonesia, while the secondary data from the cited theories, books/literature related to the sport and national security, newspaper, and internet.As the finding in this research is to improve coaching and sports development achievements in its implementation need to be a serious concern abaut the quality of human resources of the national sport (athletes, coaches, referees/judges, board sports organization), sports infrastructure (facilities and infrastructure), allocation of budget and fund a national sport, the application of sports science and the welfare of national athletes. KONI contribution in the national sport have been able but still needs to be improve, especially in improving national sports coaching and development in order to attain achievements in events for the scent and raise the dignity of peoples and nations and to streng then the National Defense."

"Keberadaan partai politik lokal di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam merupakan salah satu terobosan yang signifikan dalam upaya memperkuat partisipasi masyarakat dalam berpolitik dan berdemokrasi. Partai politik lokal bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif pemecahan masalah kebuntuan politik yang dialami masyarakat, pembangunan dan penguatan potensi politik di tingkat lokal. Oleh karena itu "Keberadaan Partai Politik Lokal Dalam Meraih Dukungan Masyarakat di Propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD)" diharapkan dapat menjadi pintu solusi ketika negara dirasakan belum atau tidak mampu memberikan rasa keadilan secara merata, artinya pembangunan belum berhasil menyentuh keseluruh wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tanggapan dan sambutan masyarakat terhadap keberadaan partai politik lokal di propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, serta komitmennya dalam rangka membangun dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat di propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Partai politik lokal adalah sebuah organisasi politik yang dibentuk oleh sekelompok warga negara Indonesia yang berdomisili di Aceh secara sukarela atas dasar persamaan kehendak dan citacita yang sama untuk memperjuangkan dan mewujudkan kepentingan anggota, masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara melalui pemilihan umum secara damai, sejahtera, adil dan makmur dalam bingkai Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Partai politik lokal merupakan harapan baru rakyat Aceh, dan merupakan salah satu alternatif pilihan politik masyarakat dalam menyalurkan segala aspirasinya. Masyarakat Aceh saat ini bebas memilih dan menentukan pemimpinnya. Walaupun umurnya masih masih tergolong baru, Dukungan masyarakat Aceh terhadap keberadaan partai politik lokal sangat besar. Kehadiran partai politik lokal di Aceh sebagai salah satu kekuatan baru dalam rangka memperkokoh dan meningkatkan rasa Nasionalisme, memperkuat integrasi dan Ketahanan Nasional, dalam menghadapi dan mengatasi segala ancaman, gangguan, hambatan dan tantangan yang datang dari dalam dan luar, secara langsung maupun tidak langsung membahayakan integritas, identitas, kelangsungan hidup bangsa dan negara serta perjuangan bangsa mencapai tujuan nasional.

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The existence of local political parties in Aceh is one of the significant breakthrough in efforts to strengthen public participation in politics and democracy. Local political parties could be one of the alternative solutions to problems experienced by the people of political deadlock, the development and strengthening of the political potential at the local level. Therefore, 'The existence of Local Political Parties In Achieving Community Support in the province Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD)" is expected to be a door solution when the country felt not to or are unable to provide a sense of justice evenly, meaning that the development has not managed to touch throughout the region. This study aimed to describe the response and public response to the existence of a local political party in the province of Aceh, and its commitment in order to build and improve the welfare of the people in the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. The research method used in this study is qualitative.

From the results of this study concluded that local political party is a political organization formed by a group of Indonesian citizens who reside in Aceh will voluntarily on the basis of equality and the same ideals to strive for and realize the interests of its members, the community, the nation, and the state through general elections were peaceful, prosperous, just and prosperous in the frame of the Republic of Indonesia. Local political parties are the new hope of the people of Aceh, and is one of the alternative options in channeling all their political aspirations. The people of Aceh is now free to choose and determine their leaders. Although age is still relatively new, the people of Aceh to support the existence of a local political party is very large. The presence of local political parties in Aceh as one of the new powers in order to strengthen and increase the sense of nationalism, strengthen integration and National Security, in the face and overcome all threats, harassment, obstacles and challenges that come from inside and outside, directly or indirectly harm integrity, identity, survival of the nation and the state and the nation's struggle to achieve national goals."

"Keadaan dilematis para transmigran yang tersebar di Kabupaten Keerom, disebabkan lahan-lahan garapan yang disediakan oleh pemerintah mulai dipersoalkan oleh warga asli. Keadaan ini menjadikan para transmigran khawatir, walaupun tanah sudah bersertifikat setiap saat dapat diambil oleh komunitas adat bila terlambat dalam pengelolaan lahan. Dalam tahap yang krusial juga dialami transmigran, karena mereka menjadi korban dalam pertikaian separatis OPM (Organisasi Papua Merdeka) melawan TNI.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah, terdapat kesenjangan dalam pemahaman bahwa konflik di wilayah Kabupaten Keerom adalah permasalahan kriminal biasa, dan mengabaikan dimensi SARA yang pada tingkatan tertentu bisa berakibat pada disintegrasi bangsa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Dari hasil penelitian teridentifikasi potensi cakupan konflik di Kabupeten Keerom yaitu: 1. Letak geografi, 2. Kemajemukan warga, 3. Kesenjangan kesejahteraa, 4. Minuman keras, 5. Persinggungan adat, 6. Lemahnya penegakan hukum, dan 7. Dominasi politik kelompok tertentu. Hasil penelitian juga menyarankan agar proses pembangunan di Kabupaten Keerom tetap berbasis pada kearifan local, dan perlu dibentuk pendekatan yang patut dikembangkan dengan konsep Early Warning System (EWS) sebagai bentuk kewaspadaan dan kesiagaan dalam mengatasi dan mencegah terjadinya gejala konflik di Papua.

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Dillematic condition of transmigrans scattered at Keerom Regency resulted by arable lands provided by government had been problemalized by indigenous citizens. It had resulted in transmigrants worry although it had been certified but at any time it may be taken over by such traditional community when it is managed so lately. Crucial stage/event also had been undergone by transmigrants in which they become victim of conflict between separatist of OPM (Independent Papua Organzation ) against Indonesia Army (TNI).The problem in this research is miss understanding on conflict at Keerom Regency in which it is supposed as usual criminal problem while neglecting SARA (Ethnic, Religion, Race and Group) dimensions in turn at certain level it may resulted in national disintegration. This research is qualitative one with descriptive design.From such research it had been identified conflict scope at Keerom Regency, those are: 1. Geographic, Pluralisty of Citizen, 3. Welfare Gap, 4. Liquor 5. Traditional sensitivity, 6. Law Enforcement Weakness and 7. Political dominance by certain group. Also research result suggests that developmental process at Keerom Regency stay based on local wisdom and it is necessary to develop approach by Early Warning System (EWS) concept in form of vigilance and preparedness in solving and overcoming conflict symptoms at Papua."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas manajemen peralatan sandi dalam mengamankan informasirahasia negara guna menunjang ketahanan nasional. Terjadinya kasuskasuskebocoran informasi rahasia negara merupakan indikasi bahwa manajemenperalatan sandi sebagai salah satu komponen dalam aspek keamanan masih belummaksimal serta belum tercapainya ketahanan informasi. Ketahanan informasiadalah salah satu penunjang terwujudnya ketahanan nasional. Penelitian ini adalahpenelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif, dengan metode wawancara,observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 (tiga) orang dariinstansi yang berkaitan langsung dengan persandian. Teori yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah teori manajemen persandian, teori informasi, teori ketahanannasional, dan teori kedaulatan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa untukmewujudkan ketahanan nasional diperlukan beberapa unsur, salah satunya yaituketahanan informasi. Ketahanan informasi meliputi tiga aspek, yaitu kedaulatanteknologi informasi, keamanan, dan kelancaran. Saat ini, hampir seluruhinfrastruktur, hardware, dan software teknologi informasi merupakan produkasing sehingga tidak ada jaminan dalam mengamankan informasi rahasia negara,bahkan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak asing untuk melakukan penyadapan.Dalam hal perencanaan, perancangan, penerapan, dan pengawasan terhadaphardware maupun software, manajemen peralatan sandi belum mampu memenuhiaspekaspekketahanan informasi. Pada tahap perencanaan belum bisa dilakukanpenelitian yang mendalam dan berkesinambungan untuk merancang peralatansandi yang aman sesuai dengan tuntutan perkembangan teknologi, sekaligusnyaman dalam pengoperasiannya sehingga diharapkan mampu mengubah polapikir seluruh komponen bangsa untuk lebih memilih menggunakan peralatansandi yang dapat menjamin keamanan informasi rahasia negara daripadamenggunakan peralatan teknologi informasi yang bersifat umum dengan segalaresikonya. Hal ini dikarenakan Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi yang secarakhusus mengatur tentang persandian. Dengan adanya UndangUndangPersandian,maka manajemen peralatan sandi akan dapat dimaksimalkan dalam mengamankaninformasi rahasia negara guna menunjang ketahanan nasional.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis describes crypto tools management in securing state secret informationto support national resilience. The occurrence of cases of leakage of confidentialinformation is an indication that the crypto tools management as one componentin the safety aspect has not yet achieved a maximum and also resilience ofinformation has not been reached. Resilience of information is one of supportingthe realization of national resilience. This study is a qualitative study with adescriptive design, with interview, observation, and documentation method.Informants of this study consists of three persons from agencies that are directlyrelated to coding. The theory used in this research is the management of codingtheory, information theory, the theory of national resilience and sovereigntytheory. Results of the study suggest that in order to realize the national resilienceneeded several elements, one of which is the resilience of information. Resilienceof information includes three aspects, namely the sovereignty of informationtechnology, security, and smoothness. Nowadays, almost the entire infrastructure,hardware, and software information technology is a foreign product so that thereare no guarantees in securing state secret information, and even can be used byforeigners to conduct wiretaps. In terms of planning, design, implementation, andmonitoring of hardware and software, crypto tools management has not been ableto meet aspects of information resilience. In the planning stage can not be done indepthresearch and continuous to design crypto tools that is safe accordance withthe demands of technological developments, as well as comfortable in operationthat are expected to change the mindset of all people to prefer to use crypto toolsthat can guarantee the security of the confidential state information than usinginformation technology equipment that is common to all hazards. This is becauseIndonesia does not have a regulation that specifically regulates the coding. Withthe Act coding, then the crypto management tools will be maximized in securingstate secret information to support national resilience;This thesis describes crypto tools management in securing state secret informationto support national resilience. The occurrence of cases of leakage of confidentialinformation is an indication that the crypto tools management as one componentin the safety aspect has not yet achieved a maximum and also resilience ofinformation has not been reached. Resilience of information is one of supportingthe realization of national resilience. This study is a qualitative study with adescriptive design, with interview, observation, and documentation method.Informants of this study consists of three persons from agencies that are directlyrelated to coding. The theory used in this research is the management of codingtheory, information theory, the theory of national resilience and sovereigntytheory. Results of the study suggest that in order to realize the national resilienceneeded several elements, one of which is the resilience of information. Resilienceof information includes three aspects, namely the sovereignty of informationtechnology, security, and smoothness. Nowadays, almost the entire infrastructure,hardware, and software information technology is a foreign product so that thereare no guarantees in securing state secret information, and even can be used byforeigners to conduct wiretaps. In terms of planning, design, implementation, andmonitoring of hardware and software, crypto tools management has not been ableto meet aspects of information resilience. In the planning stage can not be done indepthresearch and continuous to design crypto tools that is safe accordance withthe demands of technological developments, as well as comfortable in operationthat are expected to change the mindset of all people to prefer to use crypto toolsthat can guarantee the security of the confidential state information than usinginformation technology equipment that is common to all hazards. This is becauseIndonesia does not have a regulation that specifically regulates the coding. Withthe Act coding, then the crypto management tools will be maximized in securingstate secret information to support national resilience, This thesis describes crypto tools management in securing state secret informationto support national resilience. The occurrence of cases of leakage of confidentialinformation is an indication that the crypto tools management as one componentin the safety aspect has not yet achieved a maximum and also resilience ofinformation has not been reached. Resilience of information is one of supportingthe realization of national resilience. This study is a qualitative study with adescriptive design, with interview, observation, and documentation method.Informants of this study consists of three persons from agencies that are directlyrelated to coding. The theory used in this research is the management of codingtheory, information theory, the theory of national resilience and sovereigntytheory. Results of the study suggest that in order to realize the national resilienceneeded several elements, one of which is the resilience of information. Resilienceof information includes three aspects, namely the sovereignty of informationtechnology, security, and smoothness. Nowadays, almost the entire infrastructure,hardware, and software information technology is a foreign product so that thereare no guarantees in securing state secret information, and even can be used byforeigners to conduct wiretaps. In terms of planning, design, implementation, andmonitoring of hardware and software, crypto tools management has not been ableto meet aspects of information resilience. In the planning stage can not be done indepthresearch and continuous to design crypto tools that is safe accordance withthe demands of technological developments, as well as comfortable in operationthat are expected to change the mindset of all people to prefer to use crypto toolsthat can guarantee the security of the confidential state information than usinginformation technology equipment that is common to all hazards. This is becauseIndonesia does not have a regulation that specifically regulates the coding. Withthe Act coding, then the crypto management tools will be maximized in securingstate secret information to support national resilience]"

"Fokus penelitian tesis ini adalah berupaya menjelaskan bagaimana pemahaman kesadaran bela negara di lingkungan organisasi kemasyarakatan pemuda (OKP) Pengurus Besar (PB) Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) periode 2013-2015 serta bagaimana strategi pembinaan kesadaran bela negara di lingkungan OKP PB HMI tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana pemahaman kesadaran bela negara di lingkungan OKP PB HMI periode 2013-2015 serta bagaimana strategi pembinaan kesadaran bela negara di lingkungan OKP PB HMI.Penelitian tesis ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif analitis dengan tujuan membuat gambaran secara sistematis mengenai fakta-fakta faktual yang selama ini terjadi terhadap kesadaran bela negara pada generasi muda dengan didukung teori civil defense dan civil society serta wawancara mendalam sebanyak 12 informan yang terdiri dari informan ahli yaitu pihak kementerian pertahanan dan akademisi serta 10 informan selaku aktivis OKP HMI dari beberapa wilayah di Indonesia.Temuan penting hasil penelitian tesis ini adalah diketahui bahwa adanya kesamaan pemahaman dari para aktivis OKP HMI tentang pemahaman kesadaran bela negara yang melingkupi seluruh aspek kehidupan serta kesamaan tentang strategi pembinaan yang dilakukan di lingkungan OKP PB HMI dengan menerapkan jenjang formal kaderisasi LK1, LK2, LK3 dengan training-training maupun diskusi rutin non formal.

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The focus of this thesis is an attempt to explain how the understanding of environmental awareness to defend the state in the social organization of youth (OKP) Executive Board (PB) Islamic Students Association (HMI) in the period from 2013 to 2015 and how the coaching strategy to defend the state in environmental awareness OKP the HMI. The purpose of this study was to determine how the understanding of environmental awareness to defend the country in the period 2013-2015 OKP HMI development strategies as well as how to defend the state in environmental awareness OKP HMI.The thesis research this uses the method descriptive qualitative analytical with the purpose of making a picture in systematic factual concerning the facts which have so far happens to of the sense of state-defense for the young generation by the support the theory of civil defense and civil society and in-depth interviews as many as 12 informants consisting of informants expert namely the ministry of defense and academics as well as 10 informants as activists OKP HMI from several areas in Indonesia.An important finding of this research thesis is known that the common understanding of the activists OKP HMI awareness to defend state of understanding covering all aspects of life as well as the similarity of development strategies undertaken in OKP HMI environment by implementing a formal level regeneration LK1, LK2, LK3 with trainings and non routine formal discussion."