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"Deteksi Infeksi Submikroskopis Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, dan Ascaris lumbricoides dari Sampel Feses di Nangapanda, Ende, Menggunakan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Infeksi dari Soil-Transmitted Helminthes (STH) (N. americanus, A. duodenale (Hookworm), dan A. lumbricoides) dapat menyebabkan anemia, kekurangan zat besi, bahkan malnutrisi. Pemeriksaan infeksi STH dapat dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop, tetapi metode tersebut masih kurang sensitif. Penelitian bertujuan mendeteksi dan mengetahui persentase infeksi submikroskopis STH dari sampel feses anak (usia 5-18 tahun) di Nangapanda, Ende menggunakan metode real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sampel feses dikoleksi sebanyak dua kali, yaitu sebelum dan sesudah pemberian albendazole 400 mg. Total sampel yang diperoleh adalah 242 tetapi hanya 45 sampel yang negatif secara mikroskopis yang diuji dengan real-time PCR. DNA sampel diisolasi dan diamplifikasi menggunakan primer dari daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 dan ITS-2) rDNA. Deteksi dengan real-time PCR menghasilkan kurva amplifikasi pada fluorophore VIC, FAM, dan Texas Red. Sebanyak tiga sampel (6,7%) pada pre treatment termasuk low load of DNA (N. americanus and A. lumbricoides) (Ct > 35), empat sampel (9,1%) termasuk low load of DNA untuk N. americanus saja (Ct > 35), dan lima sampel (11,4%) termasuk moderate load of DNA untuk A. lumbricoides saja (30 < Ct < 35) pada post treatment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa real-time PCR dapat mendeteksi infeksi submikroskopis dari Hookworm dan A. lumbricoides.

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (Necator americanus (hookworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), and Ascaris lumbricoides) can lead to anemia, malnutrition, and iron deficiency. Traditionally, STH infections have been diagnosed using microscopy to detect eggs in human fecal samples. However, there are several limitations of this method. The aim of this research was to detect the percentage of submicroscopic STH infections from human fecal samples (children, 5?18 years old) in Nangapanda, Ende, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The fecal samples were collected in two time periods, which were before and after treatment, using 400 mg of Albendazole. There were 242 samples in total, but only 45 negative samples from microscopic detection were tested with real-time PCR. The DNA samples were isolated and amplified wih primers of internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) region of rDNA. The detection of samples with real-time PCR generated an amplification curve in VIC, FAM, and Texas Red fluorophore. Three samples (6.7%) in pre-treatment were low load of DNA (N. americanus and A. lumbricoides) (Ct > 35). Four samples (9.1%) were low load of DNA (N. americanus) (Ct > 35) in post-treatment. Five samples (11.4%) were moderate load of DNA (A. lumbricoides) (30 < Ct < 35) in post-treatment. real-time PCR could detect submicroscopic infections from specific species of hookworm and A. lumbricoides."

"Deteksi Infeksi Submikroskopis Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, dan Ascaris lumbricoides dari Sampel Feses di Nangapanda, Ende, Menggunakan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Infeksi dari Soil-Transmitted Helminthes (STH) (N. americanus, A. duodenale (Hookworm), dan A. lumbricoides) dapat menyebabkan anemia, kekurangan zat besi, bahkan malnutrisi. Pemeriksaan infeksi STH dapat dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop, tetapi metode tersebut masih kurang sensitif. Penelitian bertujuan mendeteksi dan mengetahui persentase infeksi submikroskopis STH dari sampel feses anak (usia 5-18 tahun) di Nangapanda, Ende menggunakan metode real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sampel feses dikoleksi sebanyak dua kali, yaitu sebelum dan sesudah pemberian albendazole 400 mg. Total sampel yang diperoleh adalah 242 tetapi hanya 45 sampel yang negatif secara mikroskopis yang diuji dengan real-time PCR. DNA sampel diisolasi dan diamplifikasi menggunakan primer dari daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 dan ITS-2) rDNA. Deteksi dengan real-time PCR menghasilkan kurva amplifikasi pada fluorophore VIC, FAM, dan Texas Red. Sebanyak tiga sampel (6,7%) pada pre treatment termasuk low load of DNA (N. americanus and A. lumbricoides) (Ct > 35), empat sampel (9,1%) termasuk low load of DNA untuk N. americanus saja (Ct > 35), dan lima sampel (11,4%) termasuk moderate load of DNA untuk A. lumbricoides saja (30 < Ct < 35) pada post treatment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa real-time PCR dapat mendeteksi infeksi submikroskopis dari Hookworm dan A. lumbricoides.

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (Necator americanus (hookworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), and Ascaris lumbricoides) can lead to anemia, malnutrition, and iron deficiency. Traditionally, STH infections have been diagnosed using microscopy to detect eggs in human fecal samples. However, there are several limitations of this method. The aim of this research was to detect the percentage of submicroscopic STH infections from human fecal samples (children, 5?18 years old) in Nangapanda, Ende, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The fecal samples were collected in two time periods, which were before and after treatment, using 400 mg of Albendazole. There were 242 samples in total, but only 45 negative samples from microscopic detection were tested with real-time PCR. The DNA samples were isolated and amplified wih primers of internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) region of rDNA. The detection of samples with real-time PCR generated an amplification curve in VIC, FAM, and Texas Red fluorophore. Three samples (6.7%) in pre-treatment were low load of DNA (N. americanus and A. lumbricoides) (Ct > 35). Four samples (9.1%) were low load of DNA (N. americanus) (Ct > 35) in post-treatment. Five samples (11.4%) were moderate load of DNA (A. lumbricoides) (30 < Ct < 35) in post-treatment. real-time PCR could detect submicroscopic infections from specific species of hookworm and A. lumbricoides."

"Deteksi Mutasi Papua Nugini (PNG) Thalassemia Alfa di Populasi Gayo, Sumba, Ternate, dan Timika. Mutasi PNG merupakan mutasi titik di luar gugus globin alfa. Polimorfisme menyebabkan terbentuknya promoter baru sebagai situs pengikatan faktor transkripsi GATA-1 yang diduga menurunkan laju transkripsi normal globin alfa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan mutasi PNG di populasi lain di Indonesia, sehingga hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk melengkapi standar diagnosis dalam mendeteksi mutasi penyebab thalassemia alfa berdasarkan latar belakang etnik. Teknik yang digunakan dalam mendeteksi mutasi PNG adalah PCR-RFLP. Hasil menunjukkan 18,1% (28 dari 154 sampel) positif pada populasi Timika, namun hasil negatif ditunjukkan pada semua sampel DNA populasi Gayo, Sumba, dan Ternate. Prevalensi malaria yang tinggi di wilayah Indonesia Timur tidak menunjukkan korelasi positif terhadap keberadaan mutasi PNG di populasi Sumba dan Ternate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutasi PNG ditemukan hanya pada kelompok individu yang terinfeksi Plasmodium falciparum tetapi tidak pada kelompok individu yang terinfeksi Plasmodium vivax dan mutasi PNG juga ditemukan pada satu individu beretnik Ambon yang tinggal di Timika.

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Papua New Guinea (PNG) mutation is a point mutation that occurs in noncoding region of alpha globin clusters. Polymorphism promotes an additional recognition site for transcription factor (GATA-1) which presumably downregulates alpha globin synthesis. The aim of this research is to detect PNG mutation in other populations in Indonesia, thus the results will be used for completing standard diagnoses in detecting alpha thalassemia mutation based on ethnic background. The method used in detecting PNG mutation was PCR-RFLP. Detection of 399 samples (MCH <80 fL) using the PCR-RFLP method showed positive results for the Timika population. However, negative results were found in the Gayo, Sumba, and Ternate populations. PNG mutation frequency in the Timika (Papuan ethnic) population is 18.1% (28 of 154 samples). High malaria prevalence in East Indonesia did not show a positive correlation with the absence of PNG mutation in the Sumba and Ternate populations. The results showed that PNG mutation is only found groups that are infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but not in Plasmodium vivax-infected ones. However, PNG mutation is common in the eastern Indonesia population."