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"Latar Belakang Sindrom metabolik sangat serius karena diperkirakan 20 – 25% populasi orang dewasa di dunia menderita dengan kondisi tersebut. Orang dengan sindrom metabolik dua kali lipat lebih rentan meninggal karena serangan jantung dan tiga kali lebih mungkin meninggal karena stroke. Sindrom metabolik menjadi semakin umum terjadi pada pilot maskapai penerbangan komersial, dengan perkiraan prevalensi sebesar 18,28% pada pilot maskapai penerbangan komersial jarak pendek di Indonesia. Implikasi sindrom metabolik pada pilot maskapai penerbangan sangat signifikan dan dapat berdampak pada keselamatan awak pesawat dan penumpang jika tidak ditangani. Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak besar pada pengurangan lalu lintas udara, dan hal ini dapat berdampak pada paparan pilot terhadap hipoksia hipobarik di kabin dan mempengaruhi berbagai faktor gaya hidup. Studi kohort retrospektif ini menilai proporsi pilot maskapai penerbangan Indonesia yang menderita sindrom metabolik sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode Rekam medis pilot maskapai penerbangan yang telah melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan di Aviation Medical Center diambil untuk penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dari rekam medis meliputi nomor identifikasi individu pilot, usia, tekanan darah, apakah mereka sedang mengonsumsi obat tekanan darah, hasil tes darah (trigliserida, kolesterol, konsentrasi glukosa), dan jam terbang yang terakumulasi dalam waktu sekitar 6-bulan antara pemeriksaan kesehatan. Data diimpor ke SPSS 20.0 dan analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi proporsi pilot dengan sindrom metabolik, dan hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor seperti jam terbang dan usia. Hasil Peserta yang termasuk pada studi ini adalah 76 pilot maskapai penerbangan dengan data rekam medis mulai awal tahun 2019-pertengahan tahun 2021. Proporsi pilot yang menderita sindrom metabolik mencapai puncaknya sebesar 31,58% pada pertengahan tahun 2021, jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan data prevalensi 18,28% yang diperoleh dari penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya dan melebihi kisaran perkiraan prevalensi pada orang dewasa di seluruh dunia. Data menunjukkan tren bahwa semakin banyak pilot yang lanjut menderita sindrom metabolik seiring berjalannya waktu, terlepas dari jam terbang. Glukosa plasma puasa (proporsi puncak pada pertengahan tahun 2021 sebesar 30,3%).

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Background Metabolic syndrome is very serious as an estimated 20-25% of the world’s adult population suffer from it. People with metabolic syndrome are twice as likely to die from heart attack & three times as likely to die from stroke. Metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly common in commercial airline pilots, with an estimated prevalence of 18.28% among short-haul commercial airline pilots in Indonesia. The implication of metabolic syndrome in airline pilots are significant and can have repercussions on aircrew and passenger safety if left unmanaged. The COVID-19 Pandemic has had a large impact on the reduction of air traffic, and this may impact exposure of pilots to hypobaric hypoxia in cabin and influence various lifestyle factors. This retrospective cohort study assesses the proportion of Indonesian airline pilots with metabolic syndrome before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The medical records of airline pilots who have conducted medical check-ups in the Aviation Medical Centre were taken for this study. Data used in this study from the medical records include the individual pilot’s identification number, age, blood pressure, whether they are taking blood pressure medication, blood test results (triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose concentrations), and flight hours accumulated in the roughly 6-month period between medical check-ups. Data was imported into SPSS 20.0 and both univariate and bivariate analysis was done to identify the proportion of pilots with metabolic syndrome, and its association with factors such as flight hours and age. Results Participants included 76 airline pilots with medical record data spanning from early 2019 – mid-2021. The proportion of pilots with metabolic syndrome reached a peak of 31.58% in mid-2021, much higher than the 18.28% prevalence derived from a previously conducted study and exceeds the range of estimated prevalence in adults worldwide. The data suggests a trend that more pilots continued to develop metabolic syndrome over time, independent of fligh hours. Fasting plasma glucose (peak proportion in mid-2021 of 30.3%). Conclusion The proportion of pilots with MetS had an eightfold increase by the end of the study. The Proportion of pilots with hypertension had 3.21 times increase during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. The proportion of pilots with FPG>100 mg/dL increased 2.89 times across the study period. Flight hours and MetS did not have a significant correlation, but the average median 6-month flight hours of pilots with MetS prior to the COVID-19 pandemic is greater than pilots during the COVID-19 pandemic by an average of 163 hours."

"Latar Belakang : Dalam dunia penerbangan, selain memberikan dampak negatif pada kesehatan pilot, hiperurisemia juga dapat membahayakan keselamatan penerbangan melalui risiko inkapasitasi baik dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko terhadap penyakit kardiovaskular maupun dikaitkan dengan penyakit gout. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya prevalensi hiperurisemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia dan identifikasi faktor-faktor risiko hiperurisemia terhadap pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode : Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang dari rekam medis pilot sipil di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta yang melakukan pemeriksaan 1 November 2019–30 April 2020. Data yang dikumpulkan dari rekam medis meliputi: data laboratorium asam urat dan kreatinin, usia, jam terbang total, IMT, konsumsi alkohol, dan riwayat penggunaan obat-obatan. Hiperurisemia adalah konsentrasi urat plasma lebih dari 7.0 mg/dl. Pengolahan data menggunakan aplikasi IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 20. Hasil : Di antara 5399 pilot yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan, sebanyak 194 merupakan kriteria eksklusi, sehingga jumlah sampel penelitian menjadi 5202 pilot; 18,4% memiliki kadar asam urat tinggi (hiperurisemia) dan 81,6% memiliki kadar asam urat normal. Pilot yang memiliki jam terbang total ≥ 5000 menurunkan risiko terjadinya hiperurisemia sebesar 24% dibandingkan pilot dengan total jam terbang < 5000 (OR 0,76 (95% IK 0,62-0,93); p=0,007). Pilot yang usianya ≥ 30 tahun menurunkan risiko hiperurisemia sebanyak 25% dibandingkan dengan pilot berusia < 30 tahun (OR 0,75 (95% IK 0,62-0,91); p=0,004). Pilot yang obesitas dan overweight memiliki risiko masing-masing 2,98 kali (OR 2,98 (95% IK 2,33-3,83); p<0,001) dan 1,36 kali (OR 1,36 (95% IK 1,01-1,83); p=0,042) lebih besar mengalami hiperurisemia dibandingkan dengan pilot yang memiliki IMT normal. Selanjutnya jika dibandingkan pilot yang tidak mengkonsumsi alkohol, pilot yang mengkonsumsi alkohol memiliki risiko 14,68 kali lebih besar mengalami hiperurisemia (OR 14,68 (95% IK 9,35-23,06); p<0,001). Kesimpulan : Prevalensi hiperurisemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia sebesar 18,4%. IMT obesitas dan overweight serta konsumsi alkohol meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kondisi hiperurisemia pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.

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Background : In the aviation world, in addition to having a negative impact on pilot health, hyperuricemia can also endanger flight safety through the risk of incapacitation either associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or associated with gout. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in civil pilots in Indonesia and identification of risk factors for hyperuricemia in civil pilots in Indonesia. Methods : The study used a cross-sectional method from the medical records of civil pilots at Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta which conducted an examination on 1 November 2019 – 30 April 2020. Data collected from medical records included: laboratory data of uric acid and creatinine, age, total flight hours, BMI, alcohol consumption, and history of drug use. Hyperuricemia is a plasma urate concentration of more than 7.0 mg/dl. Data processing using the IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 20 application. Results : Of the 5399 pilots conducting medical examination, 194 were exclusion criteria, bringing the total sample of the study to 5202 pilots; 18.4% had high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) and 81.6% had normal uric acid levels. Pilots who have total flight hours ≥ 5000 reduce the risk of hyperuricemia by 24% compared to pilots with total flight hours < 5000 (OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.62-0.93); p=0.007). Pilots aged ≥ 30 years reduced the risk of hyperuricemia by 25% compared with pilots aged <30 years (OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-0.91); p =0.004). Obese and overweight pilots had a risk of 2,98 times (OR 2.98 (95% CI 2.33-3.83); p <0.001) and 1.36 times (OR 1.36 (95% IK 1.01-1.83); p=0,042) greater experience hyperuricemia compared with pilots who have a normal BMI. Furthermore, compared to pilots who did not consume alcohol, pilots who consumed alcohol had a 14.68 times greater risk of developing hyperuricemia (OR 14.68 (95% CI 9.35-23.06); p <0.001). Conclusion : The prevalence of hyperuricemia in civil pilots in Indonesia is 18.4%. BMI obesity and overweight and alcohol consumption increase the risk of hyperuricemia in civil pilots in Indonesia. "

"PENDAHULUAN: Petugas keamanan merupakan pekerjaan khusus yang membutuhkan kebugaran fisik yang baik. Upaya menjaga kebugaran fisik adalah dengan melakukan program latihan fisik secara terstruktur dengan memperhatikan frekuensi, intensitas, waktu dan jenisnya. TUJUAN: Penelitian ini akan menganalisis pengaruh program latihan fisik terstruktur, faktor individu, dan faktor terkait pekerjaan terhadap kebugaran fisik petugas keamanan di PT. Kota X Bandung. METODE: Desain penelitian one group pretest-posttest. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang meliputi data sosiodemografi, kebugaran fisik menggunakan metode Cooper Test, dan data faktor terkait pekerjaan (kualitas tidur, stres kerja, dan kelelahan kerja) dari 67 petugas keamanan di PT. Kota X Bandung. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Tahap pertama dialkukan analisis bivariat terhadap perubahan kebugaaran fisik sebelum dan setelah program latihan fisik secara terstruktur. Analisis multivariat dilakukan pada variabel independen (usia, indeks massa tubuh, perilaku merokok, kualitas tidur, stres kerja, dan kelelahan kerja) terhadap vaariabel dependen (perubahan kebugaran fisik). HASIL: Analisis menggunakan uji-t sampel berpasangan menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara jarak tempuh pada Cooper Test sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti program latihan fisik terstruktur bagi pekerja (p < 0,001). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kelelahan kerja (p<0,001), stres kerja, dimensi ketaksaan peran (p=0,001), dimensi konflik peran (p=0,014), dimensi kelebihan beban kerja kuantitatif (p=<0,001), dimensi kelebihan beban kerja kualitatif (p=<0,001), pengembangan karir (p=0,001), dan dimensi tanggung jawab kepada orang lain (p=<0,001) dengan perubahan/perbedaan kebugaran fisik pekerja. Hasil independent t-test menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan perubahan kebugaran jasmani pekerja (p=<0,001). Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R square) = 0,496 artinya variabel kelelahan kerja dan stres kerja dimensi konflik peran dan kualitas tidur dapat mempengaruhi perubahan kebugaran jasmani Petugas Keamanan PT. X sebesar 49,6%, sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang mempengaruhi kebugaran jasmani petugas adalah kelelahan kerja (p<0,001), stres kerja, dimensi konflik peran (p=0,036) dan kualitas tidur (p=0,015). Kelebihan penelitian ini menggunakan program latihan fisik sesuai dengan alat ukur kebugaran berupa lari selama 12 menit. Disamping itu penelitiian ini meneliti faktor individu dan faktir terkait pekerjaan yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil perubahan kebugaran fisik. Kekurangan penelitian ini belum mengkaji faktor lainnya seperti aktivitas fisik dan asupan nutrisi yang juga dapat mempengaruhi perubahan kebugaran fisik. KESIMPULAN: Program latihan fisik pekerja yang terstruktur berpengaruh terhadap kebugaran fisik petugas kemanan di PT. Kota X Bandung. Cooper Test dapat digunakan sebagai modalitas, baik untuk uji latih maupun uji ukur untuk meningkatkan kebugaran fisik pekerja. Kelelahan kerja, stresor kerja – konflik peran, dan kualitas tidur dapat mempengaruhi perubahan kebugaran jasmani. Perlu dilakukan upaya meningkatkan dan menjaga kebugaran fisik dengan cara mengembangkan kebijakan dan standar prosedur operasional terkait kebugaran fisik pekerja, mengupaykan jam kerja yang sesuai dengan regulasi, mengupayakan istirahat yang cukup, dan mengembangkan program bimbingan dan konseling bagi pekerja.

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INTRODUCTION: Security officers are specialized jobs that require good physical fitness. The effort to maintain physical fitness is to carry out a structured physical exercise program by paying attention to the frequency, intensity, time and type.

AIM: This study will analyze the effect of a structured physical exercise program, individual factors, and work-related factors on the physical fitness of security officers at X Company Bandung City.

METHOD: One group pretest-posttest research design. The data used is secondary data which includes sociodemographic data, physical fitness using the Cooper Test method, and data on work-related factors (sleep quality, work stress, and work fatigue) from 67 security officers at X Company Bandung City. Data were analyzed using the SPSS application. The first stage was a bivariate analysis of changes in physical fitness before and after a structured physical exercise program. Multivariate analysis was performed on the independent variables (age, body mass index, smoking behavior, sleep quality, work stress, and work fatigue) on the dependent variable (changes in physical fitness).

RESULTS: Analysis using paired sample t-test showed that there was a relationship between distance on the Cooper Test before and after participating in a structured physical exercise program for workers (p <0.001). The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between work fatigue (p<0.001), work stress, dimensions of roel ambiguity (p=0.001), dimensions of role conflict (p=0.014), dimensions of quantitative work overload (p=<0.001), dimensions of qualitative work overload (p=<0.001), career development (p=0.001), and dimensions of responsibility to others (p=<0.001) with changes/differences in workers' physical fitness. The results of the independent t-test showed that there was a relationship between sleep quality and changes in workers' physical fitness (p=<0.001). The results of the analysis show that the coefficient of determination (R square) = 0.496 means that the variables of work fatigue and work stress dimensions of role conflict and sleep quality can affect changes in physical fitness of Security Officers of PT. X is 49.6%, the rest is influenced by other variables. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the variables affecting the physical fitness of the officers were work fatigue (p<0.001), work stress, dimensions of role conflict (p=0.036) and sleep quality (p=0.015). The advantage of this study is using a physical exercise program in accordance with a fitness measurement tool in the form of running for 12 minutes. In addition, this study examines individual and work-related factors that can affect the results of changes in physical fitness. The weakness of this study has not examined other factors such as physical activity and nutritional intake which can also affect changes in physical fitness.

CONCLUSION: A structured worker physical exercise program affects the physical fitness of security officers at PT. City X Bandung. The Cooper Test can be used as a modality, both for practice test and measuring test to improve the physical fitness of workers. Work fatigue, work stressors – role conflict, and sleep quality can affect changes in physical fitness. Efforts need to be made to improve and maintain physical fitness by developing policies and standard operating procedures related to workers' physical fitness, paying for working hours according to regulations, seeking adequate rest, and developing guidance and counseling programs for workers."

"Pendahuluan: Pekerjaan basah merupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya dermatitis kontak akibat kerja (DKAK) pada tangan. Terdapat dua jenis faktor risiko DKAK yaitu faktor eksogen, seperti jenis pekerjaan dan jumlah jam kerja mingguan; dan faktor endogen, seperti jenis kelamin, usia, dan riwayat penyakit atopik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian DKAK pada pekerja basah. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 134 orang. Kriteria inklusi yaitu pekerja basah yang telah bekerja minimal 6 bulan dan tidak berganti pekerjaan minimal 6 bulan. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu pekerja basah yang mengalami dermatitis kontak bukan akibat kerja. Variabel independen yaitu jenis pekerjaan, jumlah jam kerja mingguan, usia, jenis kelamin, dan riwayat penyakit atopik. Variabel dependen yaitu DKAK. Hasil: Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis pekerjaan (p value = 0,283), jumlah jam kerja mingguan (p value = 0,313), jenis kelamin (p value = 0,652), dan usia (p value = 0,556) terhadap kejadian DKAK pada pekerja basah. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat atopi dengan kejadian DKAK pada pekerja basah. Riwayat atopi memiliki pengaruh terhadap hubungan antara jenis pekerjaan dengan DKAK (p value < 0,001). Pekerjaan sebagai tenaga kesehatan dapat mencegah kejadian DKAK sebesar 90,3% dibandingkan dengan pekerjaan sebagai non tenaga kesehatan setelah dikontrol dengan faktor risiko riwayat atopi. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis pekerjaan, jumlah jam kerja mingguan DKAK lebih tinggi pada tenaga non kesehatan dibandingkan tenaga kesehatan karena tenaga non kesehatan memiliki lebih banyak pajanan terhadap pekerjaan basah dan pajanan bahan iritan dibandingkan dengan tenaga kesehatan serta tindakan pencegahan terhadap kejadian DKAK yang dilakukan tenaga non kesehatan lebih sedikit dibandingkan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat atopi dengan kejadian DKAK. Tenaga non kesehatan dengan riwayat atopi merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DKAK pada pekerja basah.

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Introduction: Wet work is the main risk factor for Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) on the hands. Risk factors for OCD consist of two types: exogenous factors, such as type of occupation and number of weekly working hours; and endogenous factors, such as gender, age, and history of atopic disease. This study aims to analyze the factors related to the incidence of OCD in wet workers. Method: The study design is cross-sectional. The sampling technique used total sampling. There were 134 research samples. Inclusion criteria are wet workers who have worked for at least 6 months and have not changed occupations for at least 6 months. Exclusion criteria include wet workers who experience non-occupational contact dermatitis. The independent variables are type of occupation, number of weekly working hours, age, gender, and history of atopic disease. The dependent variable is OCD. Result: This study did not find any relationship between type of occupation (p value = 0,283), number of weekly working hours (p value = 0,313), gender (p value = 0,652), and age (p value = 0,556) on the incidence of OCD in wet workers. Meanwhile, this study found a significant relationship between history of atopic disease and incidence of OCD in wet workers. History of atopic disease has an influence on the relationship between type of occupation and OCD (p value < 0,001). An occupation as a health worker can prevent the incidence of OCD by 90,3% compared to an occupation as a non-health worker after being controlled by the risk factor of a history of atopic disease. Conclusion: There is no relationship between type of occupation, number of weekly working hours, gender and age to the incidence of OCD in wet workers. The proportion of OCD incidence is higher in non-health workers than health workers due to non-health workers having more exposure to wet work and irritant exposure than health workers. Besides that, the number of non-health workers who take preventive measures to prevent OCD incidence is less than health workers. There is a significant relationship between history of atopic disease and the incidence of OCD. Non-health workers with a history of atopic disease is the most influential factor in the incidence of OCD in wet workers."

"Latar Belakang : 1 dari setiap 10 pekerja Indonesia menderita diabetes melitus (DM). Pekerja dengan DM mengalami pengurangan produktivitas disesuaikan tahun hidup (PALY) sebesar 12% dan biaya kesehatan tambahan rata-rata $USD 467 dibandingkan dengan rekan mereka yang sehat. Diagnosis dan intervensi dini memungkinkan pekerja diabetes untuk mempertahankan produktivitas dan kualitas hidup mereka. Salah satu titik masuk potensial untuk program dan kebijakan tempat kerja yang efektif mengenai skrining dan intervensi dini DM adalah klasifikasi pekerjaan pekerja. Namun, sebagian besar studi yang ada belum menggunakan konsensus internasional terpadu, menciptakan hambatan ketika mencoba menggabungkan/menggabungkan studi lintas wilayah/negara yang melibatkan kelompok pekerjaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kontrol glikemik optimal dan parameter metabolisme pekerja diabetes.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang memanfaatkan rekam medis pasien dari tahun 2015-2021. Klasifikasi pekerjaan pekerja diklasifikasikan menggunakan (International Classification of Occupation) ISCO-08 dan dikelompokkan menurut klasifikasi ISCO-08 yang disederhanakan oleh Lee et al. Ditemukan 2.796 pegawai yang menjalani medical check up (MCU) dan pemeriksaan HbA1c; 1.322 juga menjalani pemeriksaan glukosa darah puasa (FBG), dan 1.316 profil lipid juga. Dari daftar klien 2015-2021, kami menemukan 160 responden dengan riwayat diabetes. Namun, hanya 86 dari mereka memiliki catatan medis laboratorium yang cocok, di mana 35 memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis bivariat dilakukan melalui uji Chi-square dan/atau Fischer Exact.Hasil : Dari 2.796 responden yang menjalani pemeriksaan HbA1c, 65,8% memiliki hasil normal, 29,6% pradiabetes, dan 4,6% memiliki kadar HbA1c yang melebihi batas DM. Untuk 1.322 responden yang memeriksa FBG mereka bersama dengan HbA1c mereka, 62% memiliki kadar FBG normal, 33,1% mengalami peningkatan glukosa puasa dan 5% melebihi batas DM. Sebanyak 80,5% dari 1.316 responden yang diperiksa profil lipidnya mengalami dislipidemia. Dari 35 responden, 32 di antaranya berasal dari kelompok pekerja kerah putih (ISCO-08 kelompok 1-4), dimana 56,2% di antaranya memiliki kontrol glikemik yang optimal. Mayoritas pemeriksaan HbA1c dilakukan berdasarkan arsip dan pangkat karyawan di dalam perusahaan mereka dan bukan berdasarkan risiko kesehatan kerja atau kondisi kesehatan karyawan tersebut. Hal ini menyebabkan HbA1c yang biayanya jauh lebih tinggi dari FBG dan glukosa postprandial 2 jam, kebanyakan dilakukan pada karyawan dengan jabatan senior/tinggi.Kesimpulan : Peningkatan komunikasi dan kolaborasi lebih lanjut antara penyedia layanan medis dan klien pemangku kepentingan perusahaan diperlukan untuk memastikan alokasi sumber daya yang optimal, khususnya mengenai karyawan dengan diabetes.

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Background : 1 in every 10 Indonesian workers have diabetes mellitus (DM). Workers with DM experience a 12% productivity adjusted life years (PALY) reduction and an average of $USD 467 additional healthcare cost as compared to their healthy colleagues. Early diagnosis and intervention allows diabetic workers to maintain their productivity and quality of life. One of the potential entry point for effective workplace programs and policies regarding screening and early intervention of DM are worker’s occupational classification. However, most existing studies have yet to use a unified international consensus, creating barriers when attempting to pool/aggregate cross-regional/country studies involving occupational groups. This study aims to determine the prevalence of optimal glycaemic control and metabolic parameters of diabetic workers.

Methods : This is a cross-sectional study which utilizes medical records of patients from 2015-2021. Worker’s occupational classification is classified using (International Classification of Occupation) ISCO-08 and grouped according to a simplified ISCO-08 classification by Lee et al. We found 2.796 employees who underwent medical check-up (MCU) and had their HbA1c examined; 1.322 also had their fasting blood glucose (FBG) checked, and 1.316 their lipid profile too. From the client list of 2015-2021, we found 160 respondents with a history of diabetes. However, only 86 of those had matching laboratory medical records, in which 35 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bivariate analysis is performed via Chi-square and/or Fischer Exact test.

Results: Of the 2,796 respondents who underwent HbA1c examination, 65.8% had normal results, 29.6% were pre-diabetic, and 4.6% had HbA1c levels that exceeded the DM cut-off. For 1.322 respondents who examined their FBG alongside their HbA1c, 62% had normal FBG levels, 33.1% experienced increased fasting glucose and 5% exceeded the DM cut-off. 80,5% of the 1.316 respondents who had their lipid profile examined had dyslipidaemia. Of the 35 respondents, 32 were from the white collar worker group (ISCO-08 group 1-4), of which 56,2% have optimal glycaemic control. A majority of HbA1c examinations were performed based upon employee’s file-and-rank within their company and not based on occupational health risk or said employee's health conditions. This causes HbA1c, which substantially costs higher than FBG and 2-hour post-prandial glucose, to be carried out mostly on employees with senior/high positions.

Conclusion : Further improvement of communication and collaboration between medical service provider and client company stakeholders is needed to ensure optimal resource allocation, in particular regarding employees with diabetes."

"esis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesahihan dan keandalan Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) versi Bahasa Indonesia pada anak Palsi serebral. EDACS diterjemahkan dan diadaptasi kultural ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy). Kesepakatan antar rater terapis wicara dan dokter ketika menggunakan EDACS dinilai menggunakan koefisien Kappa. Sebanyak 30 anak dengan Palsi serebral (usia rata-rata 6 tahun, SD 3,2 tahun, kisaran 3-16 tahun) diklasifikasikan kemampuan makan dan minumnya dengan EDACS. Hasil reabilitas inter rater terapis wicara menunjukkan tingkat kesepakatan yang sangat kuat (tingkat EDACS, k=0.871) dan kuat (tingkat pendampingan k=0.80). Reliabilitas inter rater dokter menunjukkan tingkat kesepakatan yang kuat (tingkat EDACS, k=0.703; tingkat pendampingan, k= 0.788. Keeratan kesepakatan inter rater terapis wicara dan dokter untuk tingkat EDACS dan tingkat pendampingan adalah sangat kuat ( k =0.828 dan k =0.895). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah EDACS versi bahasa Indonesia sahih dan andal digunakan oleh dokter dan terapis bahasa wicara dalam mengklasifikasikan kemampuan fungsional makan dan minum pada anak Palsi serebral.

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.This thesis aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) in children with cerebral palsy. EDACS was translated and culturally adapted into Bahasa Indonesia using the FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy) method. Agreement between speech therapist and medical doctor raters when using EDACS was assessed by Kappa coefficient. A total of 30 children with cerebral palsy (mean age 6 years, SD 3.2 years, range 3-16 years) had their ability to eat and drink classified using EDACS. The speech therapist inter-rater reliability results showed a very strong agreement (EDACS level, κ=0.871) and strong agreement (EDACS level of assistance κ=0.80). The inter-rater reliability of medical doctors showed a strong agreement (EDACS level, κ=0.703; EDACS level of assistance, κ= 0.788). The agreement between speech therapists and medical doctors for EDACS level and level of assistance is very strong (κ =0.828 and κ =0.895). The conclusion of this study is the Indonesian version of EDACS is valid and reliable to be used by medical doctors and speech therapists in classifying functional eating and drinking abilities in children with cerebral palsy.

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"Latar belakang: Skor olahraga menembak dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisik dan mental yang dapat berubah-ubah tergantung kondisi kelelahan dan pemulihan atlet. Cold water immersion (CWI) & terapi musik adalah dua metode yang digunakan secara empiris pada fase pemulihan untuk menurunkan kelelahan pada atlet. Tujuan: Menguji kombinasi CWI dan terapi musik saat pemulihan (recovery) dalam mempercepat pemulihan dan meningkatkan performa skor menembak. Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan crossover trial. Total 14 orang atlet air pistol 10 meter pelatnas yang masuk kriteria inklusi dibagi secara acak ke dalam 2 kelompok (kelompok cold water immersion + terapi musik (CWIM) dan kelompok kontrol (pemulihan pasif)). Subjek melakukan pemeriksaan data dasar di hari H-7. Pada hari H subjek melakukan latihan sirkuit, prosedur pemulihan, simulasi menembak babak penyisihan, pemantauan frekuensi denyut jantung (HR), skala kelelahan (RPE), skala feeling scale (FS) dan felt arrousal scale (FAS). Di hari H+1 subjek hanya melakukan simulasi menembak babak penyisihan, pemantauan HR, skala RPE, FS, dan FAS. Seminggu berselang dari hari H dilakukan prosedur serupa dengan kelompok yang sebaliknya. Hasil: Kelompok CWIM didapatkan HR lebih rendah pascapemulihan, RPE lebih rendah pascapemulihan dan pascamenembak, FAS lebih tinggi pascapemulihan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan skor menembak antarkelompok. Kesimpulan: CWIM dapat digunakan dalam pemulihan jangka pendek untuk menurunkan HR dan RPE, meningkatkan FAS, namun tidak berefek pada skor menembak.

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Background: Shooting performance is affected by athlete's physical and mental condition that can be varied due to fatigue and recovery process. Cold water immersion & musical therapy are two methods that empirically used in recovery phase for decreasing athlete's fatigue.

Aim: Combining both cold water immersion and musical therapy in recovery phase for improving recovery process and shooting performance.

Methods: Study design was non-blinded crossover trial. Total 14 persons 10 meters air pistol athletes that matched inclusion criteria were randomized in two groups (cold water immersion + musical therapy (CWIM) and control group (passive recovery)). Subjects did baseline examination on D-7. On the day, subjects did circuit training, recovery procedures, 10 meters electronic scoring system (60 shots), heart rate (HR) monitoring, fatique discomfort scale monitoring (RPE), feeling scale monitoring (FS), felt arousal scale monitoring (FAS). On D+1 subjects did 10 meters electronic scoring system, HR, FS, and RPE monitoring. One week after the day procedure, there is crossover process with the same procedures.

Results: CWIM group had lower HR after recovery; lower RPE after recovery and scoring, higher FAS after recovery. There was no significant differences in shooting score from both groups.

Conclusion: CWIM can be used in short term recovery process for reducing heart rate and RPE scale, increasing FAS scale, but there is no effect in shooting score."

"Latar belakang: Pekerjaan dengan pola kerja gilir, khususnya yang irregular, dapat mengganggu irama sirkadian dan kualitas tidur yang kemudian berdampak pada fungsi kognitif. Meskipun penting, penelitian tentang kerentanan domain kognitif terkait pola kerja gilir masih terbatas. Kualitas tidur dan fungsi kognitif menjadi kritis dalam konteks pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit, di mana keputusan dan tindakan harus dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat dalam menunjang keselamatan pasien. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan potong lintang untuk mengetahui hubungan pola kerja gilir dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif. Untuk mengukur kualitas tidur, digunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index bahasa Indonesia (PSQI-Ina), sementara fungsi kognitif dan domain kognitif diukur menggunakan Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) bahasa Indonesia (OCS-Ina), sebuah instrument kognitif untuk pasien stroke, yang sudah tervalidasi. Besar sampel minimal pada penelitian ini dihitung dengan rumus Slovin berjumlah 72 sampel. Korelasi, analisis komponen utama,analisis demografi dan regresi digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi hubungan antara PSQI-Ina,OCS-Ina dan variabel penelitian lainnya. Hasil: Sebanyak 83 tenaga kesehatan masuk ke dalam kriteria inklusi dan diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Hasil memperlihatkan sebanyak 16 responden (19,3%) mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif pada domain Atensi serta 2 responden (2,4%) mengalami gangguan di 2 domain kognitif (Atensi dan Pengelolaan Angka). kesejahteraan.

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Background: Irregularities in shift work, especially those marked by unpredictability, can disrupt circadian rhythms and compromise sleep quality, consequently adversely affecting cognitive function. Despite its pivotal significance, there is a shortage of research on the susceptibility of cognitive domains associated with irregular shift work. The connection between sleep quality and cognitive function becomes especially crucial in the healthcare service domain, particularly within the confines of hospitals. In such environments, where decisions and actions require swift and accurate execution, the interplay between sleep quality and cognitive function is critical to ensuring the safety and well-being of patients. Methods: The objective of this research is to conduct an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, aiming to examine the correlation between shift work patterns and cognitive function impairment. The study utilizes the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Bahasa Indonesia (PSQI-Ina) to measure sleep quality. Cognitive function and cognitive domains are assessed using the Indonesian Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Ina), a validated cognitive instrument for stroke patients. The minimum sample size for the research was determined, resulting in a calculated sample size of 72 participants. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, demographic analysis, and regression analysis are employed to characterize the relationships between PSQI-Ina, OCS-Ina, and other relevant research variables. Results: A total of 83 healthcare workers meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results indicated that 16 respondents (19.3%) experienced cognitive function impairment in the Attention domain, and 2 respondents (2.4%) experienced impairment in two cognitive domains (Attention and Number). Healthcare workers engaged in secondary employment were found to have a 12.8 times higher risk of experiencing cognitive impairment (OR 12.8; CI 95% 1.7-91; p = 0.011). Similarly, healthcare workers with poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5) faced a 40.3 times higher risk of cognitive impairment (OR 40.3; CI 95% 2.2-708.1; p = 0.011). Likewise, healthcare workers working in irregular shift patterns had a 5.4 times higher risk of experiencing cognitive impairment (OR 5.4; CI 95% 0.1-26.6; p = 0.036). Conclusions: There is a correlation between shift work patterns and cognitive function impairment in the workplace. Hospitals should prioritize ergonomic shift work schedules, emphasizing speed and clockwise rotations, to support the well-being of their healthcare workers."

"Risiko depresi atau depresi subklinis merupakan kondisi paling awal sebelum terjadinya depresi. Risiko depresi dapat meningkat pada individu yang bekerja dengan stresor yang tinggi seperti awak kabin dan dapat menyebabkan inkapasitasi pada dikarenakan gejalanya yang dapat mengganggu performa saat bertugas. Pandemi COVID-19 meningkatkan terjadinya risiko depresi pada awak kabin terkait dengan adanya regulasi dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi serta hubungan antara jam terbang dan faktor-faktor lainnya terhadap risiko depresi pada awak kabin penerbangan sipil di Indonesia pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada tanggal 17 Mei-8 Juni 2022. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Dari 159 sampel, 80 awak kabin (50,3%) memiliki risiko depresi. Jam terbang tidak berhubungan dengan risiko depresi (p = 0.579). Ketakutan berlebih terhadap COVID-19 dan gangguan tidur dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan awak kabin mengalami risiko depresi sebesar 3.21 (95% IK 1,68-6,14); p < 0.001 dan 2.48 (95% IK 1.30-4.72); p = 0.005 kali secara berurutan. Prevalensi risiko depresi pada awak kabin penerbangan sipil di Indonesia pada masa pandemi COVID-19 cukup tinggi. Dari semua faktor yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini, hanya ketakutan berlebih terhadap COVID-19 dan gangguan tidur yang berhubungan dengan risiko depresi.

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The risk of depression or subclinical depression is the earliest stage of depression. The risk of depression can increase in individuals who work in high stressors environments such as cabin crew and can cause incapacitation due to symptoms that can interfere with their flight performance. The COVID-19 pandemic increases the risk of depression in cabin crew related to regulations in preventing the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and the relationship between flight hours and other factors on the risk of depression in civil aviation cabin crew in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 17 May – 8 June 2022. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Among 159 samples, 80 cabin crews (50,3%) had a risk of depression. Flight hours were not associated with the risk of depression (p = 0.579). Excessive fear of COVID-19 and sleep disturbances can increase the odds of cabin crews of having the risk of depression 3.21 (95% CI 1.68-6.14); p < 0.001) and 2.48 (95% CI 1.30-4.72); p = 0.005) times, respectively. The prevalence risk of depression in civil aviation cabin crew in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively high. Among all the factors analyzed in this study, only excessive fear of COVID-19 and sleep disturbances were associated with the risk of depression in cabin crew."

"Latar belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 merupakan tantangan bagi dokter spesialis mata di Indonesia. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan pada pola pelayanan kesehatan dan dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya infeksi COVID-19 pada dokter spesialis mata.Tujuan: Menilai dampak pandemi terhadap faktor pola pelayanan kesehatan mata dan hubungannya dengan riwayat terinfeksi COVID-19 pada dokter spesialis mata di IndonesiaMetode: Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan survei daring (Google form) pada November 2022.Hasil: Kuesioner terdiri dari 30 pertanyaan yang dikirimkan kepada 1555 responden dengan respon rate 20,97%, sehingga diperoleh 318 responden. Responden umumnya berusia 30-40 tahun dengan pengalaman kerja >10 tahun, dan merupakan dokter mata umum. Terdapat 175 responden yang memiliki riwayat terinfeksi COVID-19 di awal pandemi (Maret 2020 – Desember 2021) dan di masa transisi pandemi (Januari – November 2022). Faktor pola pelayanan kesehatan mata (penggunaan APD, pembatasan jumlah pasien di poliklinik, pembatasan jumlah praktik, pembatasan jumlah operasi mata, konsultasi telemedisin) tidak berhubungan dengan riwayat terinfeksi COVID-19 pada dokter spesialis mata di masa pandemi (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat lebih dari separuh jumlah dokter spesialis mata yang pernah terinfeksi COVID-19 selama pandemi. Pembatasan jumlah pasien di poliklinik rawat jalan tidak berhubungan dengan riwayat terinfeksi COVID-19 pada dokter spesialis mata di Indonesia di awal dan masa transisi pandemi.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for ophthalmologists in Indonesia. This condition causes a change of eye health services and can be a risk factor for COVID-19 infection in ophthalmologists.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in patterns of eye health services and risk factors related to COVID-19 infection in ophthalmologists

Methods: The design of this study was used a cross-sectional study with an online survey (Google form) in November 2022.

Results: The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions which were sent to 1555 respondents with a response rate of 20.97%, so that 318 respondents were obtained. Respondents are generally aged 30-40 years with work experience >10 years, and work as general ophthalmologists. There were 175 respondents who had a history of being infected with COVID-19 in early pandemic (March 2020 – December 2021) and transition period of pandemic (January – November 2022). Factors in the pattern of eye health services (use of PPE, limiting the number of patients at the polyclinic, limiting the number of practices, limiting the number of eye surgeries, telemedicine consultations) were not associated with a history of COVID-19 infection among ophthalmologists during the pandemic (p>0.05).

Conclusion: More than half of ophthalmologists have been infected with COVID-19 during the pandemic. Limiting the number of patients at the polyclinic was not related to a history of COVID-19 infection among ophthalmologists in Indonesia at the early and transition period of the pandemic."