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Abstrak :
Penelitian mengenai transformasi gen cry IAc ke padi subpesies Indica, Inpari 13, IR 64, dan Inpari 6, menggunakan Agrobacterium tumefaciens telah dilakukan, namun tanaman transgenik belum berhasil diperoleh. Gen cry IAc merupakan salah satu kelompok gen cry 1 yang memiliki toksin paling tinggi terhadap hama Lepidotera khususnya hama penggerek batang. Transformasi gen cry IAc dilakukan ke kalus padi menggunakan Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang membawa plasmid pAY560325_cryIAc. Kalus padi ditumbuhkan dalam media induksi kalus N6D selama 5 hari sebelum diinfeksi dengan Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Selanjutnya, kalus ditanam dalam media resting, seleksi, dan media regenerasi. Gen cry IAc dan hptII telah dikonfirmasi menggunakan teknik isolasi DNA dan PCR. Transformasi gen cry IAc berhasil dilakukan dan terdapat perbedaan respons diantara ketiga varietas terhadap perlakuan kultur jaringan dan transformasi. Inpari 13 memberikan respons terbaik terhadap perlakuan transformasi berdasarkan hasil PCR gen cry IAc dan gen hptII, sedangkan IR 64 memberikan respons terbaik terhadap perlakuan kultur jaringan berdasarkan jumlah kalus embriogenik pada media induksi kalus. ......Transformation of Cry IAc Gene Treatment Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Research about transformation of cry IAc gene into subspesies Indica rice, Inpari 13, IR 64, and Inpari 6, had been conducted, but transgenic plant have not been yet obtained. Cry IAc is one of the group cry 1 gene with the highest toxin to pest of Lepidoptera especially stem borer. Transformation of cry IAc gene was conducted using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring plasmid pAY560325_cryIAc. Callus were grown in N6D induction media for 5 days before transformed by soaking in culture of Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. Subsequently, callus were grown in resting, selection, and regeneration medium. Cry IAc and hptII genes were confirmed through DNA extraction and PCR methods. Transformation of cry IAc gene successfully conducted and there were different responses of those varieties to tissue culture and transformation treatment. Inpari 13 showed the best response to transformation treatment based on the result of PCR of cry IAc and hptII genes, IR 64 gave the best response to tissue culture treatment based on the amount of embriogenic callus at callus induction medium.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melakukan transformasi gen cry IAc ke dalam kalus padi Inpari 13 dengan bantuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens serta mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi NAA+BAP dan NAA+Kinetin pada tahapan regenerasi. Gen cry IAc merupakan gen yang berperan dalam sintesis δ-endotoksin yang sifatnya sangat toksik pada serangga Lepidoptera. Gen cry IAc ditransformasi ke kalus padi Inpari 13 dengan menggunakan Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang membawa plasmid rekombinan pAY560325_cryIAc. Regenerasi kalus padi Inpari 13 hasil trasformasi dilakukan dengan penambahan kombinasi NAA+BAP dan NAA+Kinetin pada media regenerasi. Gen cry IAc berhasil ditransformasi dengan menggunakan metode Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Penggunaan kombinasi NAA+Kinetin menunjukkan regenerasi kalus yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kombinasi NAA+BAP. ......Research about transformation of cry IAc gene into Inpari 13 rice calli using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Effect of Combination of NAA+BAP and NAA+Kinetin during regeneration process had been conducted. Cry IAc gene encodes δ-endotoxin which is highly toxic to Lepidoptera. Cry IAc gene was transformed into Inpari 13 rice calli using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing recombinant plasmid pAY560325_cryIAc. Regeneration of transformed calli was grown in regeneration media that added by combination of NAA+BAP and NAA+Kinetin. Cry IAc gene had successfully been transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens method. The use of combination of NAA+Kinetin showed better calli regeneration than NAA+BAP.

Abstrak :
Penelitian analisis jumlah kromosom dan perbandingannya dengan ukuran polen pada sembilan variasi bunga kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, L.) di Kampus UI Depok dan Citayam, Bogor telah dilakukan sejak bulan September 2012 hingga Maret 2013. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kromosom dan pola ploidi sembilan variasi bunga Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, serta mengetahui perbandingannya dengan ukuran polen. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling pada beberapa lokasi di Kampus UI Depok sebanyak delapan variasi dan satu variasi dari Citayam, Bogor. Sediaan kromosom dibuat dengan menggunakan metode squash Aceto-orcein, dan sediaan polen dibuat dengan menggunakan asetolisis. Hasil penghitungan kromosom menunjukkan jumlah kromosom yang beragam, dari n=ca. 15 sampai n=ca/ 56, dengan jumlah kromosom paling sedikit ditemukan pada bunga single merah pudar kecil dan paling banyak apda bunga double oranye. Dari perhitungan jumlah kromosom, perbandingannya dengan ukuran polen menunjukkan korelasi yang positif. Ukuran polen yang paling besar dimiliki oleh variasi dengan perkiraan jumlah kromosom yang paling banyak, yaitu bunga double oranye dari Citayam, sementara ukuran polen yang paling kecil dimiliki oleh variasi dengan perkiraan jumlah kromosom yang paling sedikit, yaitu bunga single pink kecil. Diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan jumlah kromosom yang pasti dari Hibiscus rosa-sinensis agar pola ploidi dapat ditentukan. ......The analysis of chromosome count and its comparison to pollen grain size in nine variation of shoe-flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, L.) in Universitas Indonesia, Depok and Citayam, Bogor, has been carried on since September 2012 to March 2013. The study is done to gain knowledge on the chromosome count and ploidy level in nine variation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and to know its comparison to the pollen grain size. Purposive sampling was done to collect the samples, eight variation was collected from Universitas Indonesia, Depok, and one variation from Citayam, Bogor. Chromosome slides were prepared using the squash Acetoorcein method, and pollen slides using acetolysis. Results shows a variety of the chromosome numbers from n=ca. 15 to n=ca. 56, with the smallest number found in the small single petaled pink flower, and the largest number in the double petaled orange flower. The comparison of the chromosome count to the pollen grain size shows a positive correlation. The double petaled orange is the variation with the largest pollen grain size, while the small single petaled pink has the smallest pollen grain size. Further studies are needed to gain the exact chromosome count of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and to determine the level of ploidy.

Abstrak :
Penelitian deskripsi jenis dan analisis jumlah kromosom beberapa tumbuhan suku Asteraceae di Kampus UI Depok telah dilakukan pada bulan September 2012 hingga Maret 2013. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi menggunakan kunci determinasi buku Flora of Java. Diperoleh 21 jenis Asteraceae yang tersebar di Kampus UI Depok yang berhasil diidentifikasi, 8 jenis di antaranya berhasil diketahui jumlah kromosomnya, satu jenis Asteraceae yaitu Tridax procumbens dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan kariotipe. Lima jenis Asteraceae yang memiliki variasi jumlah kromosom yaitu Elephantopus scaber (2n=x=9, 2n=x+2=11, 2n=2x-4=14, 2n=2x=18, 2n=2x+1=19, 2n=2x+2=20, 2n=2x+4=22), Tridax procumbens (2n=x= 9, 2n=2x=18, 2n=4x=36), Bidens pilosa (2n=2x+8, 2n=32, 2n=3x=36, 2n=4x =48), Mikania micrantha (2n=x=18, 2n=x+6=24, 2n=2x-4 =32, 2n=2x=36) dan Sphagneticola trilobata (2n=2x=28, 2n =2x-4=32, 2n=2n-8=36). Tiga jenis Asteraceae tidak memiliki variasi jumlah kromosom adalah Cosmos sulphureus (2n=24), Emilia sonchifolia (2n=10), dan Sonchus arvensis (2n=18). ......Species description and analysis of chromosomes number on the several plant belongs to Asteraceae that located in University of Indonesia was conducted during September 2012 to March 2013. The study was held using purposive sampling method and samples were identified based on morphological characters using determination keys in Flora of Java book. Twenty one species of Asteraceae scattered in University of Indonesia, Depok were successfully identified. Chromosomes number of eight species were known and one species can be used in karyotyping. The research also suggested that five species of Asteraceae have variation in chromosomes number. They are Elephantopus scaber (2n=x=9, 2n=x+2=11, 2n=2x-4=14, 2n=2x=18, 2n=2x+1=19, 2n=2x+2 = 20, 2n=2x+4=22), Tridax procumbens (2n=x=9, 2n=2x=18, 2n=4x=36), Bidens pilosa (2n=2x+8, 2n=32, 2n=3x=36, 2n=4x=48), Mikania micrantha (2n=x=18, 2n=x+6=24, 2n=2x-4=32, 2n=2x=36) and Sphagneticola trilobata (2n=2x=28, 2n=2x-4=32, 2n=2n-8=36). On the contrary, three species of Asteraceae does not have variation in chromosomes number. They are Cosmos sulphureus (2n=24), Emilia sonchifolia (2n=10), and Sonchus arvensis (2n=18).