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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Species diversity and distribution of butterflies (Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera) of the urban forest of Muhammad Sabki, Jambi were studied from January to February 2012. The urban forest was divided into four different habitat types: the Park, the Stream side, the Rubber forest, and the Mixed forest. Two transect routes were established for each habitat type. Observations were made on the number of individuals of each species of butterflies found within the transects. Data were analyzed by Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Sorenson indices. A total of 43 species with 3241 individuals of six families (Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Riodinidae) of butterflies were recorded. Nymphalidae was the most dominating family with the highest species richness at the urban forest. The highest number of butterfly species was recorded at the Rubber forest and the Stream side (37 species each), followed by the Park (33 species) and the Mixed forest (27 species). The most abundant butterflies were found at the Rubber Forest, and the least were in the Stream side. Two species (Eurema hecabe and Mycalesis janardana) were observed consistently at all habitat types, and the former was the most abundant species. The highest species diversity and evenness indices were found in the Rubber Forest, while the lowest were in the Stream Side. Species diversity and evennes indices of butterflies of the urban forest can be categorized as low and low to moderate respectively. Based on their similarity indices of species (IS), the community of butterfly of the urban forest consisted of three communities: the Park, the Stream Side-Rubber Forest, and the Mixed Forest. The highest IS was found in the Stream Side- Rubber Forest. Nevertheless, high similarity indices (>0.7) of the butterflies between communities indicating that the communities of the butterfly had almost similar species composition, and most species were widely distributed across all habitat types of the urban forest.

Abstrak :
Propoxur (2-isopropoksifenil-N-metilkarbamat) merupakan insektisida yang berpotensi merusak lingkungan. Kecepatan degradasi propoksur di lingkungan diduga disebabkan peningkatan aktivitas bakteri tanah pendegradasi pestisida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh, mengidentifikasi, dan menguji kemampuan bakteri pendegradasi propoksur. Isolasi dan seleksi dilakukan dengan metode kultur diperkaya. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan analisis filogenetik gen 16S rDNAdibandikan dengan karakter morfologi dan fisiologi. Kemampuan bakteri mendegredasi propoksur diukur pada medium yang mengandung propoksur sebagai sumber karbon pada konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Penurunan konsentrasi propoksur pada medium dianalisis dengan metode spektrofotometri diazotisasi-2-aminopiridina dan KCKT. Pertumbuhan dan kemampuan mendegradasi propoksur juga diukur pada medium dengan pH bervariasi. Aktivitas enzim diukur dengan metode sel istirahat. Enam isolat diperoleh mampu tumbuh dalam propoxur sebagai konsorsium. Satu isolat potensial memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi dan menggunakan propoksur sebagai sumber karbon sebagai kultur tunggal yakni isolat IE. Hasil analisis filogenetik gen 16S rDNA, serta karakter morfologi dan fisiologi menunjukkan isolat IE adalah Rhodococcus pyridinivorans. Bakteri tumbuh dan mendegradasi propoksur menjadi 2-isopropoksifenol dan metilamina dan menggunakan 2- isopropoksifenol sebagai sumber karbon, optimum pada pH 8. Propoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl-N-methylcarbamate) was an insecticide that has potential environmental impact. Enhanced degradation propoxur in environment is presumably the result of an increase of activities of soil pesticidedegrading bacteria. This research aims to obtain, to identify, and to test the ability of bacteria degrading propoxur. Isolation and selection was done by enrichment culture method. Identification was done by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene compared with morphological and physiological character. The ability of the bacteria to degrade propoxur was measured on medium contain propoxur as sole carbon source in variation concentration. Propoxur in medium was analyzed by diazotized-2-aminopyridine spectrophotometry and HPLC. The ability to growth and to degrade the propoxur was measured on medium with variation of pH. Enzyme activity was measured by resting cell method. Six isolates was obtain growth in propoxur as consortium. One potential isolate has the ability degrading and using propoxur as sole carbon source as a single culture designated as isolate IE. Result of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene, morphological and physiological character showed isolate IE is Rhodococcus pyridinivorans. The bacterium grows and degrades propoxur into 2-isopropoxyphenol and methylamine utilized 2-isopropoxyphenol as sole source of carbon, optimum at pH 8.

Abstrak :
Agarwood producing plant (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) is one of the Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP) that high value. However, its population had strongly decreased due to overexploitation. The objective of this study was to know the population of A. microcarpa. This study was conducted from October-December 2010. This research used sampling technique by mean of making quadrate transect were laid by systematic. Result of this study were as follows; there were poles and sapling stage at Hutan Kota Gunung Kembang (HKGK) and tree, poles and sapling stage at HKGK. Poles stage of A. microcarpa at HKGK was important value index (IVI) 16,18% and sapling stage IVI 20,58%. However, tree stages of A. microcarpa at Hutan Karet was 102,75%; pole stage 20,05% and sapling stage 8,85% respectively. A positive correlation was found between DBH and height. Pole density was 35 trees/ha and sapling stage was 320 trees/ha at HKGK. Tree was 67 trees/ha; pole 17 trees/ha, and sapling 67 trees/ha at Hutan Karet. The population density of A. microcarpa at HKGK more higher than Hutan Karet.

Abstrak :
A research to know the fig wasps of the Universitas Indonesia (UI) and Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) has been done from January 2010 until December 2010. This research was aimed to record the pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps of UI and KRB, to later compare the result with reports from previous researches. This research would also confirm whether symbiotic breakdown occurs in the research areas. A total of 56 fig trees and shrubs (from 9 species of fig) in UI and 34 fig trees and shrubs (from 34 species of fig) were chosen to be sampled. From those trees and shrubs, 10 sycone were taken. The wasps were then reared inside the sycone to later be preserved using the method of Noyes (1982). After identification, 7 wasp species were found. Ceratosolen marchali Mayr, Ceratosolen fusciceps Mayr, Liporrhopalum tentacularis Grandi, Philotrypesis pilosa Mayr, Boučeka percaudata Bouček, Apocrytophagus testaceus Mayr, and Apocrypta bakeri Joseph were found. From those wasps, 3 species are pollinators and the rest are non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW). The wasps were found from Ficus hispida var. hispida, Ficus hispida var. badiostrigosa, Ficus septica, Ficus montana and Ficus glomerata. Some differences between the specimens of this research with the descriptions from other research were explained. Using Krukal- Wallis analysis, this research discovered that the head width (HW) and front femur length (FFL) of Ceratosolen marchali that were found in Ficus glomerata were smaller than the ones found in other fig species (p HW same = 0.0002; p FFL same = 0.0002), while the ovipositor length (OvL) were the same (p OvL same = 1). Though still statistically smaller, the HW and FFL value of the Ceratosolen marchali found in Ficus glomerata were closer to that of Ceratosolen fusciceps. The result of the research also shows that the one-to-one symbiosis between Ceratosolen marchali and its host (Ficus hispida) has been broken. In this research, Ceratosolen marchali were found pollinating Ficus hispida var. hispida, Ficus hispida var. badiostrigosa, Ficus septica, and even Ficus glomerata. For Ficus montana and Ficus glomerata, it seems that their symbiosis with their pollinators were still maintained.

Abstrak :
The information about bird community and response guild of each species are required for calculating the ecosystem health in Nusa Penida Island. At present time, the facts about bird species in the island has been known but not the response guild. Respose guild considered necessary to construct a Bird Community Index, thus we can make judgement on the ecosystem health in that region. Base of this research is animal ecology and ecological indicators. The aims are to develop a regional index of biotic integrity based on bird community composition, apply the index to a probability-based sample of field sites to verify the proportion of the study area exhibiting various categories of biotic integrity, determine the combination of landscape configuration and local vegetation variables that are associated with different levels of biotic integrity, and to verify the bird community index with independent data collected from the same sample locations. The research was held on two parts, from March -May and July - September 2010 on Nusa Penida Island. This study is classified as a non-experimental study. Point count along the transect was used to collect the information of bird community. The Landsat satellite imagery was personalized by supervised method and overlay with sampling points coordinat. The image was enhanched by buffered the sampling points coordinat 500 m that intersect with landscape configurations to reveal the proportion of land cover type each sampling points. The enhanched imagery was done using ArcGIS 9.3. Linear regression by stepwise method was used to identify the association along with land cover category and bird community. Statistic calculations were counted using SPSS 17.0. The instruments are binocular [Bushnell] 10 x 50, GPS [Garmin 76 CSX], rollmeter, digital camera [Sony DSC P-150], watch, field guide book, note book, pencil, and an image from Landsat satellite path 116 row 66. The result for bird community on first part of the research are eleven sites classified as high integrity, thirty five sites as moderate integrity, and five sites as low integrity. On the second part of the study showed that four sites as highest integrity, twenty three sites as high integrity, and twenty four sites as moderate integrity. Nevertheless, not all land cover and vegetation variables were significant different on each integrity category. The conclusions are bird community index in Nusa Penida Island devided into three category, high, moderate, and low; there is a connection between bird community index and disturbance levels; the BCI that used to rank the environmental condition appropriate to land cover in that area; and landscape configuration combination has relationship with every level of biotic integrity.

Abstrak :
Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Blanakan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat dan terbagi menjadi lima lokasi yaitu; Wana Wisata, Tambak Perhutani 1, 2 dan 3 serta Tambak terbuka. Survei burung dilakukan pada akhir bulan Agustus hingga awal bulan September 2008. Metode sensus burung yang digunakan adalah metode transek titik (point transect). Pengolahan data burung menggunakan Encounter Rates (ER) dan pengolahan data citra satelit ASTER dan Landsat tahun 2007 menggunakan perangkat lunak komputer ER MAPPER versi 7.0 dan ARC VIEW versi 3.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 63 spesies burung yang termasuk ke dalam 12 ordo dan 31 famili. Hasil analisis korelasi antara luas lahan dengan nilai encounter rates (ER) menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara luas lahan dengan jumlah individu pada 12 spesies burung, dan korelasi negatif antara luas lahan dan jumlah individu yang ditemukan pada 9 spesies burung sedangkan 42 spesies burung tidak memiliki korelasi. Hasil penelitian memaparkan pula adanya korelasi positif antara NDVI kelas 4 (vegetasi yang tinggi) dengan ER (r = 0,926) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 92%. Indeks keanekaragaman spesies tertinggi dimiliki oleh wilayah Perhutani 2. Indeks kesamaan spesies burung di lima lokasi penelitian menunjukkkan bahwa lima lokasi penelitian membentuk tiga kelompok yang berbeda. Selain itu, diperoleh data mengenai luas dan penggunaan lahan dengan pengolahan citra satelit Landsat tahun 2007 di Kecamatan Blanakan dan data rekomendasi untuk kandidat Daerah penting bagi burung (DPB). Data mengenai status burung di lima lokasi penelitian berdasarkan kategori migrasi, IUCN, CITES, endemisitas, dan status perlindungannya dalam hukum negara Republik Indonesia dipaparkan pula dalam hasil penelitian