Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar Belakang Gejala common cold pada COVID-19 dan penyakit respirasi lain menyerupai satu sama lain sehingga seseorang yang mengalami gejala sering kali tidak melakukan perilaku preventif yang sesuai. Untuk mengatasi gejala tersebut, perilaku kesehatan yang sering diterapkan di masa pandemi COVID-19 adalah swamedikasi (self-medication). Swamedikasi ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan sikap karena perilaku kesehatan yang baik umumnya didahului oleh pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik juga. Akan tetapi, belum banyak studi yang meneliti hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi common cold. Metode Penelitian dilakukan secara cross-sectional dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang sudah divalidasi oleh penelitian sebelumnya. Kuesioner yang digunakan menilai pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19, serta perilaku swamedikasi masyarakat ketika mengalami gejala common cold. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, dan sekitarnya sebagai wilayah binaan Pengabdian Masyarakat FKUI. Data dianalisis dengan uji Fisher dan dihitung rasio odds dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis signifikan apabila p<0,05. Hasil Dari 94 responden, 86,2% memiliki pengetahuan baik, dan 95,7% memiliki sikap positif terhadap COVID-19. Sebanyak 95,7% responden mempraktikkan swamedikasi common cold. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat mengenai COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi common cold di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon dan sekitarnya. Kesimpulan Pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon dan sekitarnya sudah tergolong baik. Selain itu, swamedikasi untuk gejala common cold merupakan perilaku kesehatan yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat di daerah tersebut. Maka dari itu, pengaturan kebijakan dan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat melalui edukasi mengenai swamedikasi yang tepat perlu menjadi perhatian bagi Pemerintah dan stakeholder kesehatan lainnya.

---

Introduction Symptoms of the common cold in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases resemble each other so someone who experiences these symptoms often do not carry out appropriate preventive behavior. In an attempt to alleviate these symptoms, the health behavior that is often practiced in the COVID-19 pandemic is self-medication. This selfmedication behavior can be influenced by knowledge and attitudes because good health behavior is generally preceded by good knowledge and attitudes as well. However, not many studies have examined the relationship between knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and self-medication for the common cold. Method The research was done with a cross-sectional design with primary data obtained through questionnaires that had been validated by previous research. The questionnaire used assesses knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19, as well as people's self-medication behavior when experiencing symptoms of the common cold. The research was done in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, and surrounding areas as it is one of the areas supported by FKUI. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The results are significant if p value <0.05. Results Of the 94 respondents, 86,2% had good knowledge, and 95,7% had a positive attitude towards COVID-19. 95,7% of respondents practiced self-medication towards common cold. No significant differences were found between knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 and self-medication for the common cold in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon and its surrounding areas. Conclusion Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon and its surrounding areas are good. Self-medication for the common cold is a health behavior that is often carried out by the community in those areas. Therefore, setting regulations and increasing public awareness through education regarding proper self-medication for the common cold needs to be a concern for the government and other health stakeholders."

"Latar Belakang Demam menjadi gejala yang paling umum pada individu yang terinfeksi COVID-19. Individu yang mengalami demam seringkali mengambil tindakan swamedikasi. Pengetahuan dan sikap individu dapat menjadi faktor keberhasilan swamedikasi. Dengan demikian, diteliti mengenai hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi demam. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakkan studi desain cross-sectional. Intsrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang disebarkan secara luring kepada 94 masyarakat di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, dan sekitarnya yang berisi sosiodemografi, pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap COVID-19, serta perilaku swamedikasi demam. Kemudian data diolah menggunakkan uji chi-square, uji fisher, dan uji regresi. Hasil Proporsi masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan baik dan sikap positif terhadap COVID-19 masing-masing sebanyak 86,2% dan 95,7%. Proporsi masyarakat yang melakukan swamedikasi demam adalah 60,6%. Jenis obat yang paling banyak digunakkan oleh dalam melakukan swamedikasi demam adalah parasetamol. Analisis statistik menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan mengenai hubungan antara pengetahuan (p=0,589; OR 1,382; IK95% 0,425 – 4,494) dan sikap (p=0,645; OR 1,571; IK95% 0,212 – 11,673) masyarakat terhadap COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi demam di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, dan sekitarnya. Terdapat variabel perancu yang tidak dapat disingkirkan menunjukkan hasil signifikan, yaitu usia (p=0,007) dan sosial ekonomi/penghasilan (p=0,017). Kesimpulan Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap COVID-19 dengan swamedikasi demam di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon, dan sekitarnya.

---

Introduction Fever is one of the common symptom in individuals infected with COVID-19. Individuals who experience fever often take self-medication. Individual knowledge and attitudes can be factors in the success of self-medication. Thus, the relationship between people's knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 and self-medication for fever was studied. Method The study design uses a cross-sectional study. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed offline to 94 residents in Panjunan Village, Cirebon, and nearby containing sociodemographics, knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19, and fever self-medication behavior. Then the data was processed using the chi-square test, Fisher test and regression test. Results The proportion of respondents with good knowledge and positive attitudes towards COVID-19 is 86.2% and 95.7% respectively. 60,6% of respondents practicing self-medication. The type of drug most commonly used when self-medicating for fever is paracetamol. Statistical analysis showed insignificant results regarding the relationship between knowledge (p=0.589; OR 1.382; CI 95% 0.425 – 4.494) and attitude (p=0.645; OR 1.571; CI 95% 0.212 – 11.673) towards COVID-19 with fever self-medication in Panjunan Village, Cirebon and nearby. There are confounding variables that can not be excluded which show significant results were age (p=0.007) and socio-economic/income (p=0.017). Conclusion There is no relationship between public knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 and fever self-medication in Panjunan Village, Cirebon and nearby."

"Latar Belakang: Hipospadia mengenai 18,6 dari 10.000 angka kelahiran di Eropa pada tahun 2001 sampai dengan 2010. Pasien hipospadia ditatalaksana dengan pembedahan. Terjadinya pandemi menurunkan lama rawat inap pada pasien hipospadia, sehingga dapat berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya komplikasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan lama rawat inap dan komplikasi pasca pembedahan hipospadia sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong-lintang menggunakan dari data rekam medis pasien rawat inap pasca pembedahan hipospadia di RSCM yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sebanyak 152 subjek sebelum pandemi (1 Januari 2017 hingga 31 Desember 2018) dan 152 subjek saat pandemi (11 Maret 2020 hingga tanggal 31 Desember 2021). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji T tidak berpasangan untuk lama rawat inap dan uji fishcer untuk komplikasi. Hasil: Rerata lama rawat inap pasca pembedahan pada sebelum pandemi Covid-19 adalah sebesar 4,611 hari dan rerata lama rawat inap pasca pembedahan pada saat pandemi Covid-19 sebesar 3,269 hari (p < 0,001) signifikan. Terdapat perbedaan rerata lama rawat inap sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid- 19. Hubungan antara pandemi Covid-19 dengan komplikasi secara keseluruhan (p = 1,000) tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 dengan lama rawat inap pasca tatalaksana pembedahan dan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 dengan komplikasi.

---

Background: Hypospadias affected 18.6 out of 10,000 births in Europe from 2001 to 2010. Hypospadias patients are treated with disease. The occurrence of a pandemic reduces the length of stay in hypospadias patients, so it can influence the occurrence of complications. Objective: This study aims to analyze differences in length of stay and complications after stopping hypospadias before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design using medical record data from inpatients after hypospadias stenosis at RSCM who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. includes 152 subjects before the pandemic (1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018) and 152 subjects during the pandemic (11 March 2020 to 31 December 2021). The statistical tests used were the unpaired T test for length of stay and the Fishcer test for complications. Results: The average length of stay after surgery before the Covid-19 pandemic was 4,611 days and the average length of stay after surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic was 3,269 days (p < 0.001), which is significant. There is a difference in the average length of stay before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and overall complications (p = 1,000) was not significant. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship before and during the Covid-19 pandemic with length of stay after surgical treatment and there is no significant relationship between before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and complications."

"Latar BelakangDi masa pandemi COVID-19, terjadi peningkatan suatu isu kesehatan yaitu swamedikasi obat bebas di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini dikaitkan dengan persepsi sehat yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu sehingga memicu perilaku swamedikasi. Hingga saat ini, belum diketahui hubungan antara persepsi kesehatan umum dengan swamedikasi obat bebas pada subjek pasca COVID-19.MetodeDi masa pandemi COVID-19, terjadi peningkatan suatu isu kesehatan yaitu swamedikasi obat bebas di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini dikaitkan dengan persepsi sehat yang dapat diukur menggunakan The Short Form 36 Health Survei Questionnaire (SF-36) dan dimiliki oleh setiap individu sehingga memicu perilaku swamedikasi. Hingga saat ini, belum diketahui hubungan antara persepsi kesehatan umum dengan swamedikasi obat bebas pada subjek pasca COVID-19.HasilSebagian besar persepsi kesehatan umum pada subjek pasca COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon adalah baik. Pada penelitian ini diketahui proporsi responden pasca COVID-19 yang pernah melakukan swamedikasi obat bebas selama 6 bulan terakhir adalah 61 responden (71,8%). Analisis antara persepsi kesehatan umum dan perilaku swamedikasi obat bebas subjek pasca COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan Cirebon dan sekitarnya dengan Uji Fisher yang menunjukkan nilai p=0,029 (OR 5,647; 95% CI 0,693- 45,973) yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan.KesimpulanTerdapat hubungan signifikan antara persepsi kesehatan umum dan perilaku swamedikasi obat bebas subjek pasca COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan Cirebon dan sekitarnya dengan Uji Fisher yang menunjukkan nilai p=0,029 (OR 5,647; 95% CI 0,693-45,973). Alasan utama responden melakukan swamedikasi adalah karena hemat waktu.

---

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing of a health issue is detected which causes an increasing of self-medication behavior of over-the-counter drugs among the public. This is associated with the decreased quality of life in post COVID-19 patients which can be measured by The Short Form 36 Health Survei Questionnaire (SF-36) about the perception of health that each individual has, thus triggering self-medication behavior. Until now, there is no known relationship between general health perceptions and over- the-counter drug self-medication in post-COVID-19 subjects.

Method

This research was conducted by collecting samples using consecutive sampling method and cross-sectional methods with 85 respondents which fulfilled the inclusion criterias in Panjunan Village, Cirebon, and surrounding areas.

Results

In this study, it was found that the proportion of post-COVID-19 respondents who had self-medicated over-the-counter medications during the last 6 months was 61 respondents (71.8%). Analysis of general health perceptions and over-the-counter self-medication behavior of post-COVID-19 subjects in Panjunan Village Cirebon and its surroundings with Fisher's test showing a p value = 0.029 (OR 5.647; 95% CI 0.693-45.973) which indicates a significant relationship. Overall, the general health perceptions in Panjunan Village, Cirebon and its surroundings is good.

Conclusion

There is a significant relationship between general health perceptions and self-medication behavior of the post-COVID-19 subjects in Panjunan Village, Cirebon and its surroundings with the Fisher Test showing a value of p=0.029 (OR 5.647; 95% CI 0.693- 45.973). The main reason respondents carry out self-medication is because it saves time."

"Latar BelakangSkizofrenia merupakan salah satu gangguan mental paling berat yang menimbulkan resiko jangka panjang. Tatalaksana yang komprehensif dikembangkan dalam panduan praktik klinis (PPK) yang ditetapkan oleh berbagai institusi, termasuk RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Namun, melihat rendahnya angka remisi, implementasi PPK di RSCM patut dipertanyakan. Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi kesesuaian pelayanan berdasarkan PPK dalam pengobatan orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS) di RSCM.MetodeStudi ini akan dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional, observasional retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis ODS di bangsal psikiatri dewasa di RSCM. Data tersebut akan diintegrasikan ke dalam formulir penilaian kesesuaian pelayanan berdasarkan PPK dan dianalisis dengan mixed method.HasilTerdapat 52 (20.16%) ODS dirawat inap dari 258 pasien di bangsal jiwa dewasa RSCM di 2022. Dari 38 subjek, 23 (60.5%) pasien berada di kisaran umur 18-29, 29 (76.3%) adalah laki-laki, 33 (86.8%) belum menikah, 38 (100%) menggunakan BPJS/JKN untuk pembiayaan, 24 (63.2%) komorbid dengan kelainan dari axis III, 28 (73.7%) tidak patuh dengan pengobatan, dan 2 (5.3%) mengalami readmisi dalam 30 hari setelah pulang dari perawatan. Setelah mengevaluasi kepatuhan manajemen terhadap PPK, ditemukan 37 (97.4%) memiliki ketaatan penuh, sedangkan 1 (2.6%) ketaatan parsial. Namun, di antara 37 yang taat penuh, hanya 30 (81,1%) yang mencapai ketiga kriteria target luaran. KesimpulanPelayanan skizofrenia di bangsal jiwa dewasa RSCM memiliki ketaatan kepada PPK dengan baik, di mana hampir semua pasien ditangani dengan kepatuhan penuh.

---

Introduction

Schizophrenia is amongst the most severe mental disorders which poses a long-term up to a lifetime risk. Comprehensive management strategies were established in clinical practice guidelines (CPG) by institutions, including RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. However, with the low rate of remissions, the implementation of CPG in RSCM is questioned. This research will evaluate the guideline adherence in the management for people with schizophrenia (PWS) in RSCM.

Method

An observational, retrospective cross-sectional study will be conducted using the secondary data from medical records of PWS in the adult psychiatric units in RSCM. The data will be integrated into an evaluation form of guideline adherence and analysed in mixed methods.

Result

There are 52 (20.16%) hospitalised PWS out of 258 patients in the RSCM adult psychiatric unit in 2022. Out of 38 subjects, 23 (60.5%) patients were in the age range of 18-29, 29 (76.3%) were males, 33 (86.8%) were not married, 38 (100%) were aided by BPJS/JKN for their hospitalisation fee, 24 (63.2%) had comorbidities from axis III, 28 (73.7%) were not compliant to medication, and 2 (5.3%) experienced readmission within 30 days after discharge. After evaluating the adherence of their management to CPG, we found 37 (97.4%) were in full adherence, while 1 (2.6%) is partially adherence. However, among the 37 that were in full adherence, only 30 (81.1%) achieved all three criteria of the target outcome.

Conclusion

The schizophrenia management in the RSCM adult psychiatric unit was in good adherence to the CPG, wherein almost all patients were managed in full adherence."

"Latar BelakangSkizofrenia merupakan salah satu gangguan mental paling berat yang menimbulkan resiko jangka panjang. Tatalaksana yang komprehensif dikembangkan dalam panduan praktik klinis (PPK) yang ditetapkan oleh berbagai institusi, termasuk RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Namun, melihat rendahnya angka remisi, implementasi PPK di RSCM patut dipertanyakan. Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi kesesuaian pelayanan berdasarkan PPK dalam pengobatan orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS) di RSCM.MetodeStudi ini akan dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional, observasional retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis ODS di bangsal psikiatri dewasa di RSCM. Data tersebut akan diintegrasikan ke dalam formulir penilaian kesesuaian pelayanan berdasarkan PPK dan dianalisis dengan mixed method.HasilTerdapat 52 (20.16%) ODS dirawat inap dari 258 pasien di bangsal jiwa dewasa RSCM di 2022. Dari 38 subjek, 23 (60.5%) pasien berada di kisaran umur 18-29, 29 (76.3%) adalah laki-laki, 33 (86.8%) belum menikah, 38 (100%) menggunakan BPJS/JKN untuk pembiayaan, 24 (63.2%) komorbid dengan kelainan dari axis III, 28 (73.7%) tidak patuh dengan pengobatan, dan 2 (5.3%) mengalami readmisi dalam 30 hari setelah pulang dari perawatan. Setelah mengevaluasi kepatuhan manajemen terhadap PPK, ditemukan 37 (97.4%) memiliki ketaatan penuh, sedangkan 1 (2.6%) ketaatan parsial. Namun, di antara 37 yang taat penuh, hanya 30 (81,1%) yang mencapai ketiga kriteria target luaran. KesimpulanPelayanan skizofrenia di bangsal jiwa dewasa RSCM memiliki ketaatan kepada PPK dengan baik, di mana hampir semua pasien ditangani dengan kepatuhan penuh.

---

Introduction

Schizophrenia is amongst the most severe mental disorders which poses a long-term up to a lifetime risk. Comprehensive management strategies were established in clinical practice guidelines (CPG) by institutions, including RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. However, with the low rate of remissions, the implementation of CPG in RSCM is questioned. This research will evaluate the guideline adherence in the management for people with schizophrenia (PWS) in RSCM.

Method

An observational, retrospective cross-sectional study will be conducted using the secondary data from medical records of PWS in the adult psychiatric units in RSCM. The data will be integrated into an evaluation form of guideline adherence and analysed in mixed methods.

Result

There are 52 (20.16%) hospitalised PWS out of 258 patients in the RSCM adult psychiatric unit in 2022. Out of 38 subjects, 23 (60.5%) patients were in the age range of 18-29, 29 (76.3%) were males, 33 (86.8%) were not married, 38 (100%) were aided by BPJS/JKN for their hospitalisation fee, 24 (63.2%) had comorbidities from axis III, 28 (73.7%) were not compliant to medication, and 2 (5.3%) experienced readmission within 30 days after discharge. After evaluating the adherence of their management to CPG, we found 37 (97.4%) were in full adherence, while 1 (2.6%) is partially adherence. However, among the 37 that were in full adherence, only 30 (81.1%) achieved all three criteria of the target outcome.

Conclusion

The schizophrenia management in the RSCM adult psychiatric unit was in good adherence to the CPG, wherein almost all patients were managed in full adherence."

"Latar BelakangResistensi antibiotik fluoroquinolone merupakan suatu ancaman serius terutama karena peranannya dalam pengobatan TB Resisten Obat (TBRO). Ketidakrasionalan penggunaan antibiotik merupakan faktor yang dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kerasionalan penggunaan antibiotik fluoroquinolone di Puskesmas Kota Depok.MetodePenelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang mengumpulkan data penggunaan antibiotik golongan fluoroquinolone dengan metode cluster sampling dari satu puskesmas kecamatan dan satu puskesmas kelurahan di Kota Depok, dipilih salah satu dari lima yang memiliki jumlah pasien terbanyak dan dekat Universitas Indonesia. Diagnosis penyakit, fluoroquinolone yang diberikan, frekuensi pemberian, kekuatan sediaan, dan durasi pengobatan diambil dari rekam medis. Data tersebut dibandingkan dengan Panduan Praktik Klinis (PPK) layanan primer 2022 untuk menilai rasionalitas. Kriteria inklusi berupa pasien mendapat antibiotik fluoroquinolone secara oral di tahun 2023, serta kriteria eksklusi berupa data tidak terbaca atau sedang dalam pengobatan tuberkulosis.HasilDari total 96 sampel yang didapatkan, ciprofloxacin 500 mg merupakan satu-satunya antibiotik fluoroquinolone yang digunakan di puskesmas. Stoknya selalu tersedia selama 2023. Ciprofloxacin paling banyak digunakan untuk infeksi saluran pernafasan atas tidak spesifik (27,08%) dan Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) (26,04%). Indikasi penggunaan yang rasional hanya ditemukan pada diagnosis ISK dan tifoid sebesar 37,5%. Kerasionalan kekuatan sediaan dan frekuensi sebesar 100%. Kerasionalan durasi pemberian sebesar 97,2%. Total kerasionalan penggunaan antibiotik ciprofloxacin hanya sebesar 36,46%.KesimpulanPenggunaan antibiotik fluoroquinolone di Puskesmas Kota Depok hanya 36,46% yang rasional.

---

Background

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic resistance is a serious threat, especially because of its role in the treatment of Drug-Resistant TB (DRTB). Irrational use of antibiotics is a factor that can cause resistance. Therefore, this study aims to measure the rationality of the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in Depok City Health Centers.

Methods

This study is a descriptive study that collects data on the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics using the cluster sampling method from one sub-district and village health center in Depok City which has one of the five largest number of patients and is close to the University of Indonesia. Data on disease diagnosis, fluoroquinolone given, frequency of administration, strength of preparation, and duration of treatment were taken from medical records. The data were compared with the 2022 Primary Care Clinical Practice Guidelines (PPK) in the assessment of rationality. Inclusion criteria were patients receiving oral fluoroquinolone antibiotics in 2023, and exclusion criteria were unreadable data or undergoing tuberculosis treatment.

Results

From a total of 96 samples obtained, ciprofloxacin 500 mg is the only fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in health centers. Its stock is always available during 2023. Ciprofloxacin is mostly used for non-specific upper respiratory tract infections (27.08%) and Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) (26.04%). Indications for rational use were only found in the diagnosis of UTI and typhoid at 37.5%. The rationality of the strength of the preparation and frequency was 100%. The rationality of the duration of administration was 97.2%. The total rationality of the use of ciprofloxacin antibiotics was only 36.46%.

Conclusion

The use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the Depok City Health Center is only 36.46% rational."

"Latar BelakangStaphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri dengan tingkat resistensi yang tinggi terhadap antibiotik. Hal ini mendasari pentingnya ditemukan antibakteri alternatif dari bahan alami yang poten melawan bakteri penyebab penyakit. Salah satu bahan alami yang memiliki potensi menjanjikan adalah daun pegagan (Centella asiatica). Penelitian ini akan menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun C. asiatica terhadap bakteri S. aureus ATCC 29213TM.MetodeUji KHM pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode makrodilusi tabung. Sepuluh μl suspensi bakteri S. aureus ATCC 29213TM dengan standar McFarland 0,5 ditambahkan ke dalam tabung berisi larutan BHI dan ekstrak C. asiatica dengan konsentrasi 750, 375, 187,5, 93,75, 46,86, 23,44, 11,72, 5,86, 2,93, 1,46 mg/mL. Tabung diinkubasi pada 35°C selama 18-24 jam. Hasil diobservasi dengan melihat keruh atau jernih larutan dalam tabung dan dicatat.HasilTabung percobaan dengan ekstrak C. asiatica berkonsentrasi 375 mg/mL dan 750 mg/mL menunjukkan hambatan terhadap pertumbuhan S. aureus, menampilkan tabung jernih. Tabung percobaan dengan konsentrasi di bawah 375 mg/mL tidak menunjukkan hambatan pertumbuhan S. aureus, menampilkan tabung keruh.KesimpulanKHM ekstrak C. asiatica terhadap S. aureus ditemukan pada konsentrasi 375 mg/mL.

---

Introduction

Staphylococcus aureus is a species of bacteria with high level of antibiotic resistance. This highlights the importance to find alternative antibacterial agents from natural sources that are potent against disease-causing bacteria. Centella asiatica leaves shows promising potential. This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. asiatica leaf extract against S. aureus ATCC 29213TM.

Method

The MIC test in this study utilized the macro-dilution tube method. Ten μl of S. aureus ATCC 29213TM suspension with 0.5 McFarland standard was added to tubes containing BHI solution and C. asiatica extract with concentrations of 750, 375, 187.5, 93.75, 46.86, 23.44, 11.72, 5.86, 2.93, and 1.46 mg/mL. The tubes were incubated at 35°C for 18-24 hours. The results were observed by checking for turbidity or clarity of the solution in the tubes and recorded.

Results

Tubes with C. asiatica extract concentrations of 375 mg/mL and 750 mg/mL showed inhibition of S. aureus growth, presenting clear solutions. Tubes with concentrations below 375 mg/mL did not show inhibition of S. aureus growth and had turbid solutions.

Conclusion

The MIC of C. asiatica extract against S. aureus was found to be 375 mg/mL."

"Cryptococcus adalah jamur penyebab tersering pada pasien imunokompromi. Pada penelitian ini, 200 isolat yang berasal dari cairan otak 20 pasien terinfeksi HIV ditetapkan spesies dan serotipenya, serta kepekaannya terhadap obat antifungal (amfoterisin B, flukonazol, vorikonazol, ketokonazol, flusitosin). Spesies dan serotipe Cryptococcus ditetapkan menggunakan medium canavanine glycine bromthymol blue (CGB) dan medium creatinine dextrose bromthymol thymine (CDBT), sementara kepekaan terhadap antifungal diuji dengan metode difusi cakram, NCCLS M-44A, approved guidelines. Spesies C. neoformans ditemukan pada 170 isolat (85%), dengan seluruhnya adalah serotipe A dan 30 isolat adalah C. gattii. Infeksi tunggal C. neoformans ditemukan pada 10 pasien, infeksi tunggal C. gattii pada satu pasien, dan infeksi campuran pada 9 pasien. Cryptococcus spp sensitif terhadap amfoterisin B (93,5%), flukonazol (88,5%), vorikonazol (100%) dan ketokonazol (98%). Resistensi primer terhadap flusitosin ditemukan pada semua isolat C. neoformans dan C. gattii (100%) sebelum dan sesudah terapi. Secara keseluruhan, C. gattii kurang peka dibandingkan C. neoformans terhadap seluruh obat antifungal.

---

Cryptococcus are common causes of mycoses in imunocompromised patient. In this study, 200 clinical cerebrospinal fluid from 20 HIV patient?s isolates of Cryptococcus were determine their species and serotypes, and their susceptibilities to antifungal (amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine) were analyzed. Cryptococcus species and serotypes were determined by canavanine glycine bromthymol blue (CGB) medium and creatinine dextrose bromthymol thymine (CDBT) medium, meanwhile antifungal susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion method, NCCLS M-44A, approved guidelines. Species C. neoformans was found in 170 (85%) isolate with all of them was serotipe A dan 30 isolates (15%) were C. gattii. Single infection of C. neoformans was found in 10 patients, single infection of C. gattii in one patient and mixed infection in nine patients. Cryptococcus spp susceptible to amphotericin B (93,5%), fluconazole (88,5%), voriconazole (100%) and ketoconazole (98%). Primary resistance to flucytosine was found in all isolates C. neoformans and C. gattii (100%) before and after therapy. In general, C.gattii was less susceptible than C. neoformans to all drug tested. "

"Pasak bumi (PB) (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), adalah tanaman herbal Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai antimalaria. Penelitian terdahulu meliputi efek anti ageing dan anti inflamasi, namun belum pernah diteliti tentang efek terhadap aktivitas enzim antioksidan pada penggunaan ekstrak akar PB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pengaruh ekstrak akar PB sebagai antimalaria dapat menurunkan aktivitas spesifik antioksidan enzimatik. Penelitian ini menggunakan mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei, diterapi dengan ekstrak akar PB, klorokuin 10 mg/kg BB (kontrol positif, KP), kontrol negatif (akuades, KN), kontrol normal (K0), PB 30 (TI), 60 (TII) dan 90 mg/kg BB (TIII). Parameter yang diukur adalah inhibisi parasitemia, kadar karbonil, aktivitas spesifik SOD, katalase (CAT). Inhibisi parasitemia hari ke 7 dari KP, TI, TII dan TIII adalah 69,81%, 39,37%, 41,72% dan 12,92%. Aktivitas spesifik enzim SOD dan CAT plasma tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Aktivitas spesifik SOD hati menunjukan perbedaan bermakna antara K0-KN (p=0,000), K0-KP (p= 0,025), KN-TI (p=0,001), KP-TI (p=0,042), KN-TII (p=0,002), KN-TIII (0,005). Aktivitas spesifik CAT hati menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara KP-TI (p=0,009), KP-TII (p=0,009), KP-TIII (p=0,014), KP-K0 (p=0,009), TI-TIII (p=0,014), KN-TI (p=0,009), KN-TII (p=0,047), K0-KN (p=0,047). Kadar karbonil plasma dan hati tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok. Korelasi positif bermakna (r=0,690, p=0,000) terjadi antara aktivitas spesifik SOD dan CAT hati. Korelasi negatif bermakna terjadi antara aktivitas spesifik SOD, CAT hati dan parasitemia (r= -0,637, p=0,000) (r=-0,557, p=0,002). Kesimpulan: Potensi PB sebagai antimalaria diragukan karena herbal ini juga memiliki efek antioksidan yang menguntungkan bagi parasit.

---

Pasak bumi (PB)(Eurycoma longifolia Jack), is an Indonesian herb used as antimalarial. Previous studies had been done on its anti-ageing and anti-inflammation properties, but its effect on antioxidant enzyme had not been researched. This study aim to investigate the antimalarial influence of PB extract on the reduction of specific antioxidant activity of the SOD and CAT enzyme. We used mice infected by Plasmodium berghei treated with: PB 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg BW as (TI, TII, and TIII), positive control (chloroquine 10 mg/kg BW) (KP), negative control (aquadest) (KN), normal mice control (K0). The parameters were: growth inhibition, carbonyl concentration, specific activity of SOD and CAT. Growth inhibition in 7 day groups of KP, TI, TII, and TIII were 69,81%, 39,37%, 41,72%, and 12,92%. Specific activity of plasma SOD and CAT were insignificant between groups. Liver SOD specific activity showed significant different between K0-KN (p=0,000), K0-KP (p= 0,025), KN-TI (p=0,001), KP-TI (p=0,042), KN-TII (p=0,002), KN-TIII (0,005). Specific activity of liver CAT showed significant different between KP-TI (p=0,009), KP-TII (p=0,009), KP-TIII (p=0,014), KP-K0 (p=0,009), TI-TIII (p=0,014), KN-TI (p=0,009), KN-TII (p=0,047), K0-KN (p=0,047). Carbonyl concentrations show insignificant between groups in plasma and liver. Positive correlation (r=0,690, p=0,000) showed between liver SOD and CAT specific activity, negative correlation showed between liver SOD (r= -0,637, p=0,000), CAT (r= -0,557, p=0,002) specific activity and paracytemia. Therefore, The potential use of PB as an antimalarial was of doubtful effectiveness due to its antioxidant effect which could be beneficial to the parasite"