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"[ABSTRAKWilayah udara yang berada di atas sebuah negara merupakan hak negara tersebutsecara penuh dan eksklusif. Namun, ketentuan itu tidak selalu dapat diikuti. Halini ditunjukkan dengan adanya pengaturan wilayah penerbangan di atas negara ?negara di dunia, Flight Information Region (FIR), yang tidak selalu mengikutigaris batas negara. Kondisi tersebut dialami oleh Indonesia. Sebagian wilayahudara di kawasan Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna didelegasikan kepada Singapurakarena ketidakmampuan Indonesia konon dalam mengelola navigasi penerbangan.Melalui pendelegasian wilayah udara tersebut, terdapat berbagai kerugian yangdiderita oleh Indonesia. Namun, pemerintah Indonesia tetap meneruskan kerjasama pengelolaan wilayah udara tersebut walaupun perjanjian pendelegasian,yang dibuat pada tahun 1995, telah berakhir masa berlakunya, dan kondisiIndonesia telah memungkinkan untuk mengambil kembali kewenangannya. Halinilah yang menjadi anomali dari sikap negara berdaulat. Oleh sebab itu, tesis inimenggunakan teori politik birokratik (bureaucratic politics theory) dalampembedahan isu untuk melihat proses pemutusan kebijakan politik luar negeri diantara birokrasi ? birokrasi di dalam negeri. Pembedahan tesis dibagi sesuaidengan variabel dalam teori ini, yaitu aktor/birokrasi yang terlibat, faktor yangmenentukan masing ? masing aktor, dan sikap aktor dalam menyatukanpertimbangan untuk menghasilkan keputusan dan tindakan pemerintah. Setelahmendapatkan ketiga variabel penelitian, langkah selanjutnya adalah memetakanpolitik birokratik Indonesia terkait isu tersebut. Pada akhirnya, ditemukan adanyamasalah politik birokratik intranasional yang menyebabkan limitasi pilihan bagipemerintah dalam proses pemutusan kebijakan politik luar negeri menanggapi isupendelegasian wilayah udara nasional kepada Singapura. Masalah ini jugamerefleksikan persaingan antara Indonesia dan Singapura di beberapa aspek.

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ABSTRACTAir territory, located above a country, is exclusively and fully considered a rightowned by the subjacent state. However, this provision does not always succeed tofollow. This is indicated by the Flight Information Region (FIR) which mostunlikely follow the country demarcation line. That condition is experienced byIndonesia with most of the air territories in Riau Islands and Natuna are delegatedto Singapore due to the country?s inability in managing air navigation. Bydelegating the air territory, Indonesia suffers various losses. However, Indonesiangovernment still continues the air territory management cooperation although thedelegation agreement in 1995 has expired, and the condition of Indonesia hasmade it possible to take back the authority. This is considered an anomaly of thesovereign state?s attitude. Therefore, this thesis applies the bureaucratic politicstheory in dissecting issues to look at the foreign policy decision making processamong bureaucracies in the country. Thesis dissection is divided according to thevariables in this theory, the actor/bureaucracy involved, the factors that determineeach actor, and the attitude of each actor in aggregating to yield governmentaldecisions and actions. After obtaining three variables of the study, Indonesianbureaucratic politic, related to the issue, is mapped. In the end, the identifiedproblems of intra-national bureaucratic politics cause choices of limitation in thegovernmental foreign policy decision making process in response to the issue ofnational air territory delegation to Singapore. Furthermore, this issue also reflectsthe competition between Indonesia and Singapore in several aspects.;Air territory, located above a country, is exclusively and fully considered a rightowned by the subjacent state. However, this provision does not always succeed tofollow. This is indicated by the Flight Information Region (FIR) which mostunlikely follow the country demarcation line. That condition is experienced byIndonesia with most of the air territories in Riau Islands and Natuna are delegatedto Singapore due to the country?s inability in managing air navigation. Bydelegating the air territory, Indonesia suffers various losses. However, Indonesiangovernment still continues the air territory management cooperation although thedelegation agreement in 1995 has expired, and the condition of Indonesia hasmade it possible to take back the authority. This is considered an anomaly of thesovereign state?s attitude. Therefore, this thesis applies the bureaucratic politicstheory in dissecting issues to look at the foreign policy decision making processamong bureaucracies in the country. Thesis dissection is divided according to thevariables in this theory, the actor/bureaucracy involved, the factors that determineeach actor, and the attitude of each actor in aggregating to yield governmentaldecisions and actions. After obtaining three variables of the study, Indonesianbureaucratic politic, related to the issue, is mapped. In the end, the identifiedproblems of intra-national bureaucratic politics cause choices of limitation in thegovernmental foreign policy decision making process in response to the issue ofnational air territory delegation to Singapore. Furthermore, this issue also reflectsthe competition between Indonesia and Singapore in several aspects., Air territory, located above a country, is exclusively and fully considered a rightowned by the subjacent state. However, this provision does not always succeed tofollow. This is indicated by the Flight Information Region (FIR) which mostunlikely follow the country demarcation line. That condition is experienced byIndonesia with most of the air territories in Riau Islands and Natuna are delegatedto Singapore due to the country’s inability in managing air navigation. Bydelegating the air territory, Indonesia suffers various losses. However, Indonesiangovernment still continues the air territory management cooperation although thedelegation agreement in 1995 has expired, and the condition of Indonesia hasmade it possible to take back the authority. This is considered an anomaly of thesovereign state’s attitude. Therefore, this thesis applies the bureaucratic politicstheory in dissecting issues to look at the foreign policy decision making processamong bureaucracies in the country. Thesis dissection is divided according to thevariables in this theory, the actor/bureaucracy involved, the factors that determineeach actor, and the attitude of each actor in aggregating to yield governmentaldecisions and actions. After obtaining three variables of the study, Indonesianbureaucratic politic, related to the issue, is mapped. In the end, the identifiedproblems of intra-national bureaucratic politics cause choices of limitation in thegovernmental foreign policy decision making process in response to the issue ofnational air territory delegation to Singapore. Furthermore, this issue also reflectsthe competition between Indonesia and Singapore in several aspects.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kontroversi yang terjadi pada lapangan minyak Blok Cepu di perbatasan Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat. Kontroversi yang terjadi adalah penandatanganan kerjasama dengan ExxonMobil dan penunjukkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia kepada ExxonMobil sebagai operator utama dalam pengelolaan Blok Cepu. Pemerintah lebih menunjukkan keberpihakan kepada perusahaan multinasional asing daripada kepada perusahaan minyak negara, Pertamina. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut peneliti menggunakan empat konsep yang saling terkait satu sama lain, yaitu roving bandit dan stationary bandit, institusi, perusahaan multinasional, dan daya tawar politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia tidak dapat dikategorikan secara tegas dalam kedua tipe tersebut, melainkan terdapat irisan diantara keduanya, dan daya tawar politik Indonesia rendah, sehingga Indonesia cenderung menuruti kemauan pihak asing.

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This research explains controversy happened on Cepu Oil Field in border if East Java and West Java, Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia signed production sharing contract and awarded ExxonMobil as main operator on Cepu Oil Field. Government of Indonesia tends on the side multinational corporation than with Pertamina as Indonesia national oil Company. Answering the question this research uses four concepts which they connected each other; roving bandit and stationary bandit, institution, multinational corporation and political bargaining. The research shows that Government of Indonesia not both as stationary bandit or roving bandit but they have sheet, and Indonesia political bargaining power is weak. So that Indonesia tends to follow multinational corporation will."

"Ilmu hubungan internasional memiliki tiga paradigma utama; realisme, liberalisme, dan kontruktivisme yang khas dalam memandang institusi. Tulisan ini akan melihat dan membandingkan bagaimana ketiga paradigma ini memandang ASEAN Political Security Community 2015. Pada akhirnya, dapat diketahui keunikan dan kelemahan masing-masing paradigma dalam memandang kerjasama keamanan di Asia Tenggara ini. Realisme memandang security dilemma sebagai faktor kunci munculnya kerjasama, sedangkan liberalisme memandang institusionalisme sebagai faktor determinan. Di sisi lain, konstruktivisme menakankan pada identitas kolektif yang terkonstruksi di antara negara-negara anggota APSC 2015.

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International relations has three major paradigms: realism, liberalism, and constructivism that has distinct view on institution. This paper will compare how the three paradigms asses the ASEAN Political Security Community 2015. In the end, the uniqueness and weaknesses of each paradigm will be identified. Realism regards security dilemma as a key factor in the emergence of security cooperation, while liberalism sees institutionalism as a determinant factor. On the other hand, constructivism emphasizes on collective identity that is constructed among the member countries of APSC 2015."