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"The comparative linguistic is not only dialectal linguistic and historical linguistic, but also the typology of linguistic. This thesis speaks about typology of linguistic. There are fifteen native languages in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province used as sample in this study. By using Greenberg's method - Quantitative Method, the writer classifies the fifteen languages into (1) isolated language and (2) agglutinative language. The first group is Ende-Lio language and the second consists of other fourteen languages.

Besides the Quantitative Method, the writer also uses the Qualitative Method. This Method is used to classify those languages according to their similarity in structures. The analysis concludes that those languages are classified into (1) structured language: verb + person, integrated or not; (2) noun + personal possessive, integrated or not; (3) person + possessive, and (4) those languages whose structures are classified into neither (1), (2), nor (3). While the other languages are classified into the first, second, and third group. Structured-integrated language consists of Ambon-Timor and Papua language groups, while Sumba-Bima is not identified as the group of this type."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Tujuan pertama adalah untuk memverifikasi model struktur topik yang diajukan Lautamatti dengan menerapkannya pada teks berbahasa Inggris bidang asuransi pada pemelajar Indonesia. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk menggambarkan tingkat kesulitan teks berdasarkan struktur topiknya.Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah lima buah teks berbahasa Inggris bidang asuransi yang diambil dari majalah The Journal, Asia Insurance Review dan Global Reinsurance. Subjek penelitiannya adalah dua puluh lima orang mahasiswa semester IV Program Studi Asuransi Kerugian, Akademi Asuransi Trisakti Jakarta tahun akademik 1999/2000.Ada tiga temuan pokok dalam penelitian ini. Pertama model struktur topik Lautamatti terbukti secara statistis mempengaruhi pemahamam membaca teks berbahasa Inggris bidang asuransi pada pemelajar Indonesia. Kedua, kombinasi urutan dalam struktur topik mempengaruhi pemahaman membaca pada tingkat kemampuan yang berbeda-beda. Untuk struktur topik yang sederhana (tipe 1 dan tipe 2) umumnya pemelajar mampu memahami dengan baik pada tingkat kemampuan membaca menerapkan. Sementara untuk struktur topik yang remit (tipe 3, tipe 4, dan tipe 5) umumnya pemahaman baru dikuasai dengan baik sampai dengan tingkat kemampuan membaca mengetahui. Ketiga, kemampuan pemelajar dalam menguasai pemarkah kohesif juga turut mempengaruhi pemahaman teks.

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ABSTRACT

This research has two objectives. First, it aims at verifying the model of topical structures proposed by Lautamatti by applying it to English insurance text to Indonesian students. Second, it aims at describing the level of difficulty of the texts analyzed by their topical structures.

The method applied in this research was a descriptive one. The samples of the research were five English insurance texts, taken from three foreign insurance magazines, that is The Journal, Asia Insurance Review and Global Reinsurance, and the subjects of the research were twenty five insurance students of Akademi Asuransi Trisakti Jakarta majoring in General Insurance who were on their fourth semester in the academic year 1999/2000.

There are three main findings in this research. Firstly, the model of topical structures proposed by Lautamatti was proved statistically influencing the reading comprehension of Indonesian students on English insurance texts. Secondly, this model of topical structures influenced their reading comprehension differently. For the simple types (type 1 and type 2), generally the students were able to comprehend well at the level of learning applying. Whereas for the complex types (type 3, type 4, and type 5), generally the students were able to comprehend well at the level of learning knowing. Thirdly, the students' ability in recognizing cohesive markers tended to influence their reading comprehension."

"ABSTRAKTelaah ini memiliki dua tujuan. Tujuan pertama adalah untuk mengetahui apakah tingkat keterbacaan teks-teks bacaan dalam buku teks "Bahasa Inggris 1", yang diterbitkan oleh Ganeca Exact Bandung pada tahun 1994, sesuai untuk para siswa kelas 1 Sekolah Menengah Umum (SMU). Tujuan kedua adalah untuk memberikan kegiatan belajar mengajar yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berbahasa Inggris siswa melalui bahan ajar yang disajikan.Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang memanfaatkan analisis persentase, dengan 360 siswa kelas 1 SMU tahun ajaran 1995/1996 sebagai sampel. Para siswa tersebut berasal dari dua SMU negeri; 120 siswa dari SMU Negeri 99, Jakarta Timur dan 240 siswa dari SMU Negeri 109, Jakarta Selatan. Data dikumpulkan melalaui tes isi rumpang (TIR) yang mengujikan 30 teks bacaan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis melalui analisis persentase.Ada dua penemuan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, berdasarkan TIR, tingkat keterbacaan teks-teks bacaan dalam buku teks yang diteliti tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan pemahaman para siswa; teks-teks bacaan tersebut terlalu sulit bagi mereka. Kedua, berdasarkan Tabel Mackey, bahan-bahan ajar dalam buku teks tersebut dapat dikembangkan menjadi, setidaknya, 1064 kegiatan belajar mengajar untuk mengembangkan empat keterampilan berbahasa siswa. Kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut dapat dibagi menjadi: (i) 109 kegiatan untuk keterampilan mendengarkan (10%), (ii) 374 kegiatan untuk keterampilan berbicara (35%), (iii) 295 kegiatan untuk keterampilan membaca (28%), dan (iv) 286 kegiatan untuk keterampilan menulis (27%).

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ABSTRACT

This study has two objectives. The first objective is to find out whether or not the readability level of the reading texts in the textbook entitled "Bahasa Inggris I" published by Ganeca Exact Bandung in 1994 is suitable for the first-year students of Senior High School (SMU). The second objective is to describe the teaching learning activities that can be done to build the students' English skills through the material presented.

The method applied in this research was a quantitative one making use of a percentage analysis, with 360 first-year students of Senior High Schools in academic year of 1995/1996 as the samples. The students were taken from two state Senior High Schools (SMU Negeri); 120 students were those of SMU Negeri 99, Jakarta Timur and 240 students were those of SMU Negeri 109, Jakarta Selatan. The data were collected through cloze tests consisting of 30 reading texts. The collected data were analyzed through the percentage analysis.

There are two findings in this research. First, based on the cloze test, the readability level of the reading texts in the textbook investigated is not suitable for the students' reading comprehension; it is too difficult for them. Second, in the basis of the Mackey's Table, the materials in the textbook can be developed to, at least, 1064 teaching-learning activities to build the students' four language skills. The activities can be divided into; (i) 109 activities (10%) are for the listening skill, (ii) 374 activities (35%) for the speaking skill, (iii) 295 activities {28%) for the reading skill, and (iv) 286 activities (27%) for the writing skill."

"Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal adanya bentuk-bentuk nomina yang memiliki kemiripan secara formal dengan verba, misalnya arranger, arrangement (vs. to arrange), escapee (vs. to escape), extension (vs. to extend), dan justification (vs. to justify). Nomina tersebut lazim disebut nomina turunan (derived nouns), dan karena diturunkan dari kata dasar (base) berkategori verba, maka nomina turunan ini disebut nomina deverbal (deverbal nouns). Pembahasan tentang nomina deverbal bahasa Inggris telah banyak dilakukan dalam berbagai tulisan baik di dalam bidang morfologi, seperti Marchand (1969), Mat-thews {1974), Brown dan Miller (1980), Aronoff {1981), Bauer (1983, 1988), Spencer (1991); di bidang sintaksis, seperti Lees (1960), Vendler {1968), Chomsky {1970), Menzel (1975), Baker {1978), Colen {1984), Comrie dan Thompson (1985); maupun di bidang semantik seperti Lyons (1977), dan Allan (1986). Di bidang morfologi, nomina deverbal umumnya dibicarakan dalam sub-bidang morfologi derivasional. Pembahasan di bidang ini terutama dipusatkan pada telaah tentang kaidah pembentukan nomina deverbal dan tentang keproduktifan pembentukan tersebut. Di bidang sintaksis, khususnya dalam kerangka tatabahasa transformasional, nomina deverbal dianggap sebagai salah satu hasil proses transformasi penominalan terhadap kalimat. Nomina deverbal dianggap masih mencerminkan "kalimat anal" (the underlying sentence), sehingga dari cerminan tersebut kemudian dicari hubungan antara fungsi-fungsi sintaksis dalam kalimat asal dan unsur-unsur dalam konstruksi frasa yang berintikan nomina deverbal. Di bidang semantik, pembahasan berkenaan dengan upaya pemecahan tentang ketakteraturan dan ketakteramalan hubungan makna antara nomina deverbal dan kata dasarnya. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa pembahasan tentang nomina deverbal berpusat pada tiga masalah pokok: keproduktifan pembentukan, konstruksi frasa berintikan nomina deverbal, dan makna nomina deverbal. Pembahasan tentang makna nomina deverbal erat hubungannya dengan keproduktifan pembentukan nomina deverbal. Pembahasan tentang keproduktifan yang telah ada tidak mempertimbangkan keproduktifan secara sinkronis (periksa: Marchand 1969; Colen 1984)."

"This research is a study of dialect geography of Rejang language in Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. The research aims to describe the differentiation of the language among the a various areas. The research is implemented on 32 villages (desa), that are 6 villages in Kecamatan Lebong Utara (north Lebong), 7 villages in Kecamatan Lebong Selatan (south Lebong), 9 villages in Kecamatan Curup, and 10 villages in Recamatan Kepahyang.

The data is 400 basic vocabulary (100 of them adopted from Morris Swadesh), collected by means of direct method that is the face-to-face contact of investigator and informant in an interview normally conducted. The result of the research shows as follows

(1) According to bundles of isogloss, Rejang language in Kabupaten Rejang Lebong divided into 3 dialectical areas namely Lebong dialect, Musi dialect, and Keban Agung dialect. The area of Lebong dialect encompass the villages in the Kecamatan Lebong Utara (north Lebong) and Lebong Selatan {south Lebong), and that of Husi dialect encompass the villages in the Kecamatan Cu-rap and some villages in the northern of Kecamatan Kepahyang. The area of Keban Agung dialect encompasses the villages in southwestern of Kecamatan Kepahyang.

(2) Dialect metrical analysis show that Lebong toward Husi is a sub dialect, while Musi toward Keban Agung is a dialect.

(3) There is a consistent differentiation of phone among Lebong dialect, Musi dialect, and Keban Agung dialect."

"ABSTRACTLanguage Attitude Towards Indonesian New Words among College People in Jakarta. This study is focused on language attitude towards Indonesian new words among college people in Jakarta with respect to the acceptability of the new words. The data were collected by means of questioner as primary instrument and interview as secondary instrument. This research aims at describing language attitude among college people and the degree of acceptability of new words.To achieve the aims, this research makes use two approaches: sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics approaches. The sociolinguistics approach--in this case language planning--is used in this research because this study is concerned with corpus planning that is the corpus of the Indonesian language. Corpus planning is part of language planning which deals with the development of language code in order to make language capable of being effectively and efficiently used to express various modem concepts. The psycholinguistics approach is used in this research because this study is concerned with language speakers' attitude, the field of social psychology.This study reveals that college people in Jakarta tend to have a positive attitude towards Indonesian new words and its development. This attitude can be seen not only in its cognitive components, but also in its affective and cognitive component. This study also shows that this language attitude is highly correlated with the acceptability of Indonesian new words although the acceptability of Indonesian new words is also determined by the characteristics of the new words, i.e. clarity of meanings, economy of word forms, beauty of sounds, and usefulness. The characteristics of the new words are found to have correlation with the acceptability of new words. But the social variables, i.e. gender, job, education, age, and the first language of the respondents do not seem to contribute to the attitude towards, and acceptability of the new words."

"The Social Stratification of Sundanese-Indonesian Phonetic InterferenceThis study is focused on Sundanese-Indonesian phonetic interference and their co-variation with social variables such as class, age, and using of Sundanese compared to Indonesian. The data was collected on two main styles, i.e., simple text reading and word list reading. The identifying of phonetic realization in respondent speech assisted by the CECIL software. To claim that interference is coming from Sundanese, neither from another languages, the study takes Weinreich's criteria of bilingualism that emphasize using of both languages in active interaction. In other word, the understanding without speaking bilingual treated as nonbilingual speaker. It is very important because there are too many speakers who are using Arabic in Islamic ritual but they never use Arabic in daily conversation. The selected respondent was Sundanese and Indonesian speaker only. The study find out that at least three of the social features have a strong correlation to the interference. The lowest interference level placed by the young speaker (second generation) with high education and with high frequency to speak in Indonesian than Sundanese. The middle position placed by the young speaker with lowest education level and speak in Sundanese more frequently than Indonesian. The other side placed by the first generation with at least middle education level. Between three main positions above spread the speakers with combination of social features, but the high to middle position dominated by the first generation and the middle to lowest level interference dominated by the second generation. This finding accepted by T-Student analysis on 95% significant degree."

"Kalimat yang mengandung dua verba, atau lebih, secara berderet dalam bahasa Indonesia cukup banyak terdapat baik dalam karya tulis fiksi dan berita jurnalistik, maupun dalam karya tulis nonfiksi. Perihal verba berderet (selanjutnya disingkat dengan VB) ini sejak lama telah disinggung-singgung secara sepintas baik dalam tata bahasa Melayu maupun bahasa Indonesia. Pembahasan tentang VB Melayu terdapat dalam tata bahasa Melayu yang ditulis oleh Garth Van Wijk (1985) dan Spat (1989). Pemerian tentang VB bahasa Indonesia ditemukan dalam tulisan Slametmuljana (1959), Fokker(1972), Kridalaksana (1985, 1986, 1988), Ramlan (1886), Moeliono dan Dardjowidjojo (1988), dan Aiwi (1993). Tulisan--tulisan tersebut tidak menyinggung adanya konstruksi VB dan hanya secara sepintas membahas fungsi dan hubungan verba. Khususnya, penyebutan adanya konstruksi VB dalam bahasa Indonesia ditemukan dalam sejumlah tulisan yang terbatas, yaitu dalam Rohanady (1989) dan Lapoliwa (1990a, b). Karya-karya itu memfokuskan pengamatan pada verba kedua (selanjutnya disingkat dengan V2). Dalam bahasa-bahasa Afrika Barat, Asia Timur, Asia Tenggara, Papua Nugini dan kreol Karibia terdapat juga konstruksi yang memiliki VB yang tidak dikenal dalam bahasa-bahasa Eropa, yang dikenal dengan nama "serial verb constructions". Pemerian "serial verb constructions" telah tersebar di dalam berbagai tulisan baik di dalam bidang sintaksis, seperti Li & Thompson (1976), Lord (1982), Foley & Van Valin (1984), Nichols & Woodbury {1985), Bradshaw (1987), Crowley (1987), Foley & Olson (1987), Sebba (1987), Baker (1989), dan Kang (1991a, 1993), di bidang semantik seperti Li & Thompson (1973), Jansen {1978), dan Blake (1994). Berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang disebutkan di atas, penelitian yang memfokuskan pengamatan pada verba pertama (selanjutnya disingkat dengan V1) belum mendapat perhatian ahli bahasa Indonesia untuk dideskripsi secara mendalam. Hal ini menjadi alasan pokok saya untuk membahas konstruksi VB yang khususnya memfokuskan V1 dalam bahasa Indonesia. Ciri-ciri semantis VB merupakan permasalahan pokok yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Permasalahan pokok ini dapat diuraikan menjadi beberapa pokok bahasan dan subpokok bahasan pada subbab berikut ini."