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Abstrak :
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rarely found in clinical practice. However, the incidence of IBD seems to have increased recently. Generally, the patients will come to hospital with chief complain! of chronic diarrhea with or without hematochezia. We reported two cases of IBD in which they had been misdiagnosed as colitis tuberculosis based on colonoscopy examination. Treatment of anti tuberculosis drugs had made no clinical improvement. Further evaluation suggested the diagnosis of IBD. They responded very well clinically after treated as IBD. This case report reminds us to consider the diagnosis of IBD in patient with chronic diarrhea and ulceration in colonic mucosa at colonoscopy.

Abstrak :
In up to 80% of dyspepsia patients who consult a physician in the hospital, dyspepsia is considered to be functional dyspepsia. Although not associated with increased mortality, functional dyspepsia is a burden at both the community and national levels because it can cause physical, mental, and social ditress that can affect a patients quality of life. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional construct comprising at least three broad domains-physical, psychological, and social functioning-which can all be affected by a disease and its treatment. It is important to assess HRQOL in patients with functional dyspepsia to identify the effects of the disease and its treatment on patients. Both disease-specific and generic instruments can be used to assess HRQOL in patients with functional dyspepsia. Each instrument has it own advantages and limitations. The selection of instrument to assess HRQOL is determined by the study population, research questions, disease entities, and researcher preferences. The purpose of this article is to explain the concept of HRQOL and the use of HRQOL assessment in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) adalah gangguan gastrointestinal yang memiliki manifestasi klinis paling umum berupa heartburn dan regurgitasi, dengan prevalensi sejumlah 57,6% di Indonesia. Stres, salah satu faktor risiko GERD, dapat terjadi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dengan prevalensi yang mencapai 88,9%. Selain itu, mahasiswa kedokteran umumnya mengalami perubahan tingkat kesehatan seiring dengan berjalannya tingkat perkuliahan. Adanya pandemi COVID-19 yang menyebabkan munculnya metode perkuliahan dalam jaringan (online) juga dapat memengaruhi tingkat kesehatan mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara tingkat stres, tingkat perkuliahan, dan metode perkuliahan terhadap kejadian GERD pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia di masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini memiliki desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan data primer melalui kuesioner dalam jaringan. Sejumlah 224 responden kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan tingkat stres, tingkat perkuliahan, metode perkuliahan, dan kejadian GERD. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan chi square. Hasil: Prevalensi GERD pada mahasiswa FKUI adalah sejumlah 12,1%. Ditemukan bahwa faktor-faktor tingkat stres (p=0,531), tingkat perkuliahan (p=0,202), dan metode perkuliahan (p=0,544) tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian GERD. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stres, tingkat perkuliahan, dan metode perkuliahan dengan kejadian GERD pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia di masa pandemi COVID-19. ......Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a gastrointestinal disorder with its most prominent clinical manifestations being heartburn and regurgitation, and the prevalence of 57.6% in Indonesia. Stress, one of the risk factors of GERD, can happen to medical students with the prevalence of 88.6%. Aside from that, medical students are prone to having health degree changes as they go through medical school. The online learning method due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have an impact on medical students' health. This research's purpose is to determine the relationship between stress levels, academic year, and learning methods to the incidence of GERD in medical students of Universitas Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This research was conducted with cross-sectional design using primary data collected through online questionnaires. The amount of respondents gathered was 224, which was further classified by stress levels, academic year, learning method, and incidence of GERD. The data was then further analysed using chi-square. Result: The prevalence of GERD in medical students of Universitas Indonesia is 12.1%. It was found that the factors stress level (p=0.531), academic year (p=0.202), and learning method (p=0.544) have no significant relationship with the incidence of GERD. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between stress level, academic year, and learning method with the incidence of GERD in medical students of Universitas Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: COVID-19 telah dilaporkan menyebabkan berbagai gejala, termasuk gejala pernapasan dan gejala gastrointestinal seperti mual, muntah, dan diare. Standar emas untuk pengujian COVID-19 adalah RT-PCR menggunakan koleksi swab nasofaring. Namun, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan swab nasofaring memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, terutama untuk mendeteksi gejala gastrointestinal. Salah satu variabel dalam pengujian RT-PCR adalah Nilai CT yang diketahui dapat meningkatkan spesifisitas pengujian. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan Nilai CT pasien dengan pengambilan sampel swab anal dengan gejala gastrointestinal terkait COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik, khususnya penelitian potong lintang. Data sekunder diperoleh dan diolah yang berisi data pribadi, pekerjaan, dan hasil CT Value. Analisis lebih lanjut dilakukan pada hubungan antara gejala gastrointestinal dan tingkat Nilai CT pada swab anal. Hasil: Distribusi tingkat Nilai CT responden berdasarkan cut off >25 untuk tinggi, dan <25 untuk rendah dan sedang. Dari 37 subjek, 1 orang (2,7%) memiliki Nilai CT rendah dan 36 pasien memiliki Nilai CT tinggi. Distribusi gejala subjek didapatkan 15 pasien (40,5%) tidak mengalami gejala gastrointestinal dan sebanyak 22 pasien (59,5%) mengalami gejala gastrointestinal. Gejala gastrointestinal umum yang dilaporkan pada pasien meliputi: mual (54,1%), muntah (18,9%), sakit perut (16,2%) dan diare (13,5%). Namun, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara Nilai CT pada pengambilan anal swab dengan gejala gastrointestinal pada pasien COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Hubungan antara Nilai CT pada pengambilan anal swab dengan gejala gastrointestinal pada pasien COVID-19 tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi hasil nilai CT direkomendasikan. ......Introduction: COVID-19 has been reported to cause a range of symptoms, including respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The gold standard for COVID-19 testing is RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal swab collection. However, several studies have shown that taking nasopharyngeal swabs have some limitation, particularly to detect gastrointestinal symptoms. One of the variables in RT-PCR testing is CT Value, which known can increase specifity of the test. However, there has been no study linking the CT Value of patients with anal swab sampling with COVID-19 related gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: This study used an analytical research design, particularly a cross-sectional study. Secondary data were obtained and processed which contained personal data, work, and CT Value results. Further analysis was conducted on the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and the level of CT Value on anal swabs. Result: The distribution of respondents' CT Value levels were based on a cut off of >25 for high, and <25 for low and moderate. From 37 subjects, 1 person (2.7%) had a low CT Value and 36 patients had a high CT Value. The distribution of the subject's symptoms found 15 patients (40.5%) had no gastrointestinal symptoms and as many as 22 patients (59.5%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. Common gastrointestinal symptoms reported in patients include: nausea (54.1%), vomiting (18.9%), abdominal pain (16.2%) and diarrhea (13.5%). However, there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between CT Value in anal swab taking and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The association between CT Value in anal swab taking and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients did not show a significant relationship. Further research on risk factors affecting the CT value results are recommended

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Perubahan pola hidup dan kondisi mental selama pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan faktor risiko penyakit Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) termasuk GERD. GERD-Q merupakan alat skrining yang umum digunakan di Indonesia dan dapat menilai pengaruh GERD dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai perubahan proporsi GERD dan kualitas hidup akibat GERD selama pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini berdesain potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil menggunakan kuesioner daring. Sebanyak 9.843 responden dikelompokkan berdasarkan hasil GERD-Q, waktu pengisian data, gejala yang muncul, dan pengaruh GERD dalam kualitas hidup. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan frekuensi dan intensitas heartburn (p<0,001), regurgitasi (p=0,005), gangguan tidur akibat gejala GERD (p<0,001), konsumsi obat OTC (p<0,001), prevalensi heartburn (p=0,015), prevalensi GERD (p<0,001), dan penurunan kualitas hidup (p=0,003) antar sebelum dan saat pandemi. Penurunan kualitas hidup juga terlihat pada Gelombang 2 dibandingkan Gelombang 1 Covid-19 di Indonesia (p=0,019). Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan prevalensi GERD selama pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia dengan heartburn menjadi gejala tersering. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antar gelombang Covid-19 dengan prevalensi GERD. Penurunan kualitas hidup diamati pada pandemi Covid-19 dan gelombang 2 Covid-19 di Indonesia. ......Introduction: Lifestyle and mental health shifting during the Covid-19 pandemic caused alteration of Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) disease risk factors, including GERD. GERD-Q is a common screening tool in Indonesia and can assess GERD impact on daily life. This research aims to evaluate the difference of GERD proportion and GERD-related quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study using secondary data collected online. About 9,843 respondents were grouped based on GERD-Q score, submission date, symptoms, and GERD impact on daily life. Results: We observed significance increase in frequency and intensity of heartburn (p<0.001) , regurgitation (p=0.005), GERD-related sleep disturbance (p<0.001), OTC drug consumption (p<0.001), heartburn prevalence (p=0.015), GERD prevalence (p<0.001), and decrease of QoL (p=0.003) in before and during pandemic. A QoL decrease was also observed in the second wave compared to the first wave Covid-19 (p=0.019). Conclusions: We found an increased GERD prevalence during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, with heartburn being the common symptom. There was no significant difference between Covid-19 waves compared to GERD prevalence. A decrease of QoL was also observed during the Covid-19 pandemic and the second wave of Covid-19 in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Cardiomyopathy is a primary disease of the myocardium, unrelated to hypertension, congenital defect, or disorders of the valves, coronary blood flow, arteries, or pericardium. In developing nations, Cardiomyopathy makes up 30% of all deaths due to heart disease, while in developed nations, Cardiomyopathy is not the main cause of heart disease. Cardiomyopathy is classified according to etiology and clinical findings. From the etiology, Cardiomyopathy is classified into two types, the primary tipe, where the myocardiac disease is unknown/idiopathic, and the secondary type, with a clear cause, or is related with a disease of other organ systems. Based on clinical findings, Cardiomyopathy is classified into dilatation cardiomyopa-thy or congestive, restrictive, and hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Abstrak :
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the emergency conditions in the field of gastroenterology and variceal blending is the. most common cause of it. Gastric varices accounts only 5% to 10% of all causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding respectively, but it could be fatal and difficult to control despite provision of adequate therapy. Early diagnosis and appropriate management may decrease the morbidity and mortality of gastric variceal bleeding.