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"ABSTRAK Abstrak :Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) erat dikaitkan dengan penyakitmetabolik seperti hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Pasien dengan OSA juga seringditemukan pada pasien gagal jantung.Obsturctive sleep Apnea dapatmemeperberat gagal jantung.Objektif :Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahuiprevalens dan faktor-faktor yangmemengaruhi kejadian OSA pada pasien gagal jantung kronik di RSUPPersahabatan Jakarta.Metode :Disain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang observasi. Pasien CHF FC I -II berkunjung ke poliklinik jantung dan vaskular RSUP Persahabatan yangmemenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Subjek dilakukan anamnesis,pemeriksaan fisis dan eko kardiografi untuk memastikan diagnosis CHFdandilanjutkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner Berlin untuk menentukanrisiko tinggi OSA kemudian dilanjutkan pemeriksaan polisomnografi laludilakukan analisis statistik.Hasil :Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada 70 sampel pasien gagaljantung. Dengan menggunakan kuesioner Berlin diperoleh sebanyak 42 pasien(60%) yang ditemukan berisiko tinggi OSA. Dengan menggunakan uji chi squareditemukan bahwa faktor usia (p=0,988), jenis kelamin (p=0,678), IMT (p=0,170),lingkar leher (p=0,605), lingkar perut (p=0,189), tekanan darah (p=0,922),merokok (p=0,678) dan fraksi ejeksi ≦40% (p= 0.109) tidak ditemukan memilikihubungan bermakna dengan risiko OSA pada pasien gagal jantung. Sementarafaktor ukuran tonsil ditemukan memiliki hubungan bermakna (p=0,005). Dari 42orang tersebut dipilih secara acak 26 orang untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutanpolisomnografi dan didapatkan pasien gagal jantung menderita OSA ringandengan nilai AHI 5 ? 15 sebanyak 7 pasien (26.7%), OSA sedang dengan AHI15-30 sebanyak 9 pasien (34.5%) dan OSA berat dengan AHI>30 sebanyak 10pasien (38.8%).Kesimpulan :prevalens pasien CHF FC I - II yang memiliki risiko tinggi OSAberdasarkan kuesioner Berlin dengan nilai >2 adalah sebanyak 42 orang (60%)dengan faktor risiko ukuran tonsil yang bermakna menyebabkan terjadinya OSApada CHF ABSTRACT Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) commonly associated withmetabolic disease including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Patients with OSA isalso commonly found in conjunction with heart failure condition.Obstructivesleep apnea can cause CHF getting worstObjective:This study aims to acknowledge prevalence of OSA and influencefactors in heart failure patients in Persahabatan HospitalMethods:Thisobservational cross sectionalstudy was being done in 70 sampleschronic heart failure patients who visited in cardio and vascular disease clinic inPersahabatan Hospital with fuctional class I - II who met the inclusion andexclusion criteria. Subjects were asked for history of disease, physicalexamination and echocardiography then underwentBerlins Questionnaire thenfollowed by polysomnography examination to detect the presence of OSA.Results: Observational cross sectionalstudy done in 70 samples chi square testcan be concluded that age (p=0,988), gender (p=0,678), Body Mass Index(p=0,170), neck circumference(p=0,605), abdominal circumference (p=0,189),blood pressure (p=0,922),smoking (p=0,678) and ejection fraction ≦40%(p=0.109),many factors are not significantly related to the risk of OSA in heartfailure patients.Meanwhile, tonsillar size is found to have significantly related toincidence of OSA in heart failure patients (p=0,005). 46 patients who have highrisk of OSA by Berlins questionnaire selected by random to get 26 patients whowill follow polysomnography examination, result for patients CHF with mildOSA AHI 5 -15 are 7 patients (26.7%), moderate OSA with AHI 15 - 30 are 9patients (34.5%) and severe OSA with AHI ≥ 30 are 10 patients (38.8%).Conclusion:The prevalence of CHF FC I - II with high risk OSA that screenedby Berlins Questionnaire in CHF patiens are 43 patients (60%) with tonsillar sizeis found to have significantly related to incidence of OSA.;Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) commonly associated withmetabolic disease including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Patients with OSA isalso commonly found in conjunction with heart failure condition.Obstructivesleep apnea can cause CHF getting worstObjective:This study aims to acknowledge prevalence of OSA and influencefactors in heart failure patients in Persahabatan HospitalMethods:Thisobservational cross sectionalstudy was being done in 70 sampleschronic heart failure patients who visited in cardio and vascular disease clinic inPersahabatan Hospital with fuctional class I - II who met the inclusion andexclusion criteria. Subjects were asked for history of disease, physicalexamination and echocardiography then underwentBerlins Questionnaire thenfollowed by polysomnography examination to detect the presence of OSA.Results: Observational cross sectionalstudy done in 70 samples chi square testcan be concluded that age (p=0,988), gender (p=0,678), Body Mass Index(p=0,170), neck circumference(p=0,605), abdominal circumference (p=0,189),blood pressure (p=0,922),smoking (p=0,678) and ejection fraction ≦40%(p=0.109),many factors are not significantly related to the risk of OSA in heartfailure patients.Meanwhile, tonsillar size is found to have significantly related toincidence of OSA in heart failure patients (p=0,005). 46 patients who have highrisk of OSA by Berlins questionnaire selected by random to get 26 patients whowill follow polysomnography examination, result for patients CHF with mildOSA AHI 5 -15 are 7 patients (26.7%), moderate OSA with AHI 15 - 30 are 9patients (34.5%) and severe OSA with AHI ≥ 30 are 10 patients (38.8%).Conclusion:The prevalence of CHF FC I - II with high risk OSA that screenedby Berlins Questionnaire in CHF patiens are 43 patients (60%) with tonsillar sizeis found to have significantly related to incidence of OSA.;Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) commonly associated withmetabolic disease including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Patients with OSA isalso commonly found in conjunction with heart failure condition.Obstructivesleep apnea can cause CHF getting worstObjective:This study aims to acknowledge prevalence of OSA and influencefactors in heart failure patients in Persahabatan HospitalMethods:Thisobservational cross sectionalstudy was being done in 70 sampleschronic heart failure patients who visited in cardio and vascular disease clinic inPersahabatan Hospital with fuctional class I - II who met the inclusion andexclusion criteria. Subjects were asked for history of disease, physicalexamination and echocardiography then underwentBerlins Questionnaire thenfollowed by polysomnography examination to detect the presence of OSA.Results: Observational cross sectionalstudy done in 70 samples chi square testcan be concluded that age (p=0,988), gender (p=0,678), Body Mass Index(p=0,170), neck circumference(p=0,605), abdominal circumference (p=0,189),blood pressure (p=0,922),smoking (p=0,678) and ejection fraction ≦40%(p=0.109),many factors are not significantly related to the risk of OSA in heartfailure patients.Meanwhile, tonsillar size is found to have significantly related toincidence of OSA in heart failure patients (p=0,005). 46 patients who have highrisk of OSA by Berlins questionnaire selected by random to get 26 patients whowill follow polysomnography examination, result for patients CHF with mildOSA AHI 5 -15 are 7 patients (26.7%), moderate OSA with AHI 15 - 30 are 9patients (34.5%) and severe OSA with AHI ≥ 30 are 10 patients (38.8%).Conclusion:The prevalence of CHF FC I - II with high risk OSA that screenedby Berlins Questionnaire in CHF patiens are 43 patients (60%) with tonsillar sizeis found to have significantly related to incidence of OSA."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Sindrom metabolik merupakan penyakit komorbid yang sering ditemui pada pasien PPOK. Keadaan inflamasi sistemik diperkirakan mempengaruhi keadaan PPOK dan sindrom metabolik. Keterbatasan aktivitas, disfungsi otot rangka, dan penggunaan steroid juga merupakan penyebab penting sindrom metabolik pada PPOK. Sindrom metabolik pada PPOK dapat meningkatkan angka kematian dan kesakitan yang disebabkan oleh penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalens sindrom metabolik pada PPOK stabil. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di poliklinik asma ndash; PPOK Rumah sakit umum pusat Persahabatan pada bulan Mei - November 2017 untuk melihat kejadian sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK. Enam puluh empat pasien PPOK di ambil untuk ikut dalam penelitian ini secara consecutive sampling. Pada semua pasien dilakukan wawancara, pemeriksaan antopometri, pemeriksaan fisis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Hasil : Sebanyak 64 pasien ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dengan subjek terbanyak laki-laki 95,3 . Usia rerata subjek adalah 65,81 9,38. Prevalens sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK sebesar 15,6 dengan GOLD 1 sebesar 20 , GOLD 2 sebesar 30 , GOLD 3 sebesar 40 dan GOLD 4 sebesar 10 . Ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada PPOK stabil. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin, usia, status merokok, hambatan aliran udara dan penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK stabil. Kesimpulan : Prevalens sindrom metabolik pada pasien PPOK dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 15,6 terutama ditemukan pada GOLD 3.

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Background: Metabolic syndrome is a common comorbid disease in COPD patients. Systemic inflammatory conditions can affect the condition of COPD and metabolic syndrome. Activity limitations, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and steroid use are also important causes of metabolic syndrome in COPD. The metabolic syndrome in COPD can increase mortality and morbidity caused by cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to reveal the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study among stable COPD who visit asthma - PPOK clinic in Persahabatan Hospital from May to November 2017 to get the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients. Sixty-four COPD patients were taken to participate in the study on a consecutive sampling basis. All patients were interviewed, antropometric, physical and laboratory examination were done. Results: A total of 64 patients participated in this study Males = 61, Female = 3 with mean age of the subjects was 65.81 9.38. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD patients was 15.6 with GOLD 1 by 20 , GOLD 2 by 30 , GOLD 3 by 40 and GOLD 4 by 10 . There was a significant association between nutritional status and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD. There was no significant association between sex, age, smoking status, airflow resistance and the use of inhaled corticosteroid with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD patients in this study is 15.6 especially in GOLD 3."

"Infeksi tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global, termasuk di Indonesia. Pada pasien TB infeksi jamur paru sering terlewat karena kurangnya manifestasi klinis yang spesifik. Terapi obat anti-TB (OAT) dapat mengakibatkan perubahan profil mikrobiota jamur maupun bakteri di dalam tubuh pasien. Identifikasi mikrobiota jamur dan bakteri dengan metode mikroskopik dan kultur kurang sensitif, memerlukan waktu lama, dan kurang spesifik sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan diagnosis yang kurang optimal. Pemeriksaan berbasis molekular, termasuk metode sekuensing nanopore, memberikan hasil lebih sensitif, cepat dan akurat. Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari penelitian sebelumnya dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi mikrobiom bakteri dan jamur pada pasien terkait TB paru menggunakan sekuensing nanopore. Pemilihan pasien dilakukan secara consecutive sampling pada kasus TB paru dan bekas TB sesuai kriteria inklusi. Ekstraksi DNA sputum pasien dilakukan di laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan sekuensing menggunakan nanopore. Analisis bioinformatika menggunakan pipeline Kraken 2 dan Minimap 2 dilakukan pada 22 sampel sputum yang diteliti. Komposisi mikrobiom bakteri terdapat 3 spesies dominan, yaitu Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria perflava dan Streptococcus toyakuensis. Analisis sekuensing jamur belum dapat menentukan identifikasinya karena keterbatasan teknis penelitian, belum ada metode standar yang baku, serta kemungkinan kompetisi alamiah bakteri yang lebih mendominasi. Hasil identifikasi jamur berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikologi klasik menunjukkan Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, dan Aspergillus fumigatus sebagai spesies jamur terbanyak, diikuti Aspergillus niger, Talaromyces sp., Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, dan Candida tropicalis. Hubungan antara komposisi mikrobiom jamur dengan hasil pemeriksaan mikologi klasik pada penelitian ini belum dapat diketahui sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Tuberculosis (TB) infection is still a global health problem, including in Indonesia. In TB patients, pulmonary fungal infections are often missed because of the lack of specific clinical manifestations. Anti-TB drug therapy can cause changes in the fungal and bacterial microbiome profile in the patient's body. Identifying fungal and bacterial microbiomes using microscopic and culture methods is less sensitive, time-consuming, and less specific, potentially leading to an inadequate diagnosis. Molecular-based examinations, including the nanopore sequencing method, provide more sensitive, fast and accurate results. This study is part of previous study that aims to determine the composition of fungal and bacterial microbiome in related-pulmonary TB patients using nanopore sequencing. The patients recruitment was conducted by consecutive sampling on pulmonary TB and previous TB cases according to the inclusion criteria. Sputum DNA extraction was carried out in the Parasitology Laboratory FMUI, followed by nanopore sequencing assay. Bioinformatics analysis using the Kraken 2 and Minimap 2 pipeline was carried out on the 22 sputum samples studied. The bacterial microbiome composition showed three dominant species: Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria perflava dan Streptococcus toyakuensis. The sequencing analysis has not been able to determine fungal identification due to technical limitations, the absence of an agreed standard method, and the possibility of bacterial dominance. The classical mycological assay revealed Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus fumigatus as the most common fungal species identified, followed by Aspergillus niger, Talaromyces, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis. The correlation of fungal microbiome composition and classical mycological results cannot yet be determined, so further study is mandatory."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Penyakit komorbid pada PPOK berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya status kesehatan, mempengaruhi lama perawatan bahkan kematian. Osteoporosis merupakan komorbid yang cukup sering ditemukan pada PPOK. Di Indonesia khususnya di RSUP Persahabatan belum ada data prevalens osteoporosis pasien PPOK stabil.Objektif: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan angka prevalens osteoporosis pada pasien PPOK stabil di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta.Metode: Disain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang. Pasien PPOK stabil yang berkunjung di poliklinik Asma/PPOK RSUP Persahabatan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Subjek diperiksa densitas mineral tulang menggunakan dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) dan diperiksa kadar vitamin D darah. Saat pasien berkunjung, dilakukan anamnesis gejala, eksaserbasi, riwayat merokok, penggunaan kortikosteroid (oral atau inhalasi), komorbid, penilaian status gizi. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dengan uji statistik.Hasil: Subjek terbanyak adalah laki-laki (90,6%) dengan kelompok usia 65-75 tahun (53,1%), riwayat merokok terbanyak (84,4%). Berdasarkan derajat PPOK terbanyak adalah GOLD II (46,9%) dan grup B (50%) dengan menggunakan kortikosteroid sebanyak (65,7%). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan prevalens osteoporosis sebesar 37,5%, artinya lebih dari sepertiga pasien mengalami osteoporosis. Dalam Penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara grup PPOK, derajat PPOK, jenis kelamin, riwayat merokok, riwayat kortikosteroid, usia, kadar 25-OHD, faal paru dengan terjadinya osteoporosis pada pasien PPOK stabil (p>0,05). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan bermakna pada IMT yang rendah sebagai faktor risiko osteoporosis pada PPOK stabil (p<0,001).Kesimpulan: Prevalens osteoporosis pada pasien PPOK stabil di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta adalah 37,5%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara IMT dengan osteoporosis pada pasien PPOK stabil (p<0,001).

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ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Comorbid diseases in COPD contributing to low health status, affecting the duration of treatment and even death. Osteoporosis is a quite often comorbid that found in COPD. In Indonesia, particularly in Persahabatan Hospital there are no data of prevalence on osteoporosis in patient with stable COPD.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to get the prevalence?s data of osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD at Persahabatan Hospital-Jakarta.

Method: The studie?s design was cross-sectional. Patients with stable COPD who came to the Asthma/COPD policlinic at Persahabatan Hospital-Jakarta who meet the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Subjects had an examined of bone mineral density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and had an examined of vitamin D blood level. At the time of visit, conducted anamnesis of symptoms, exacerbations, history of smoking, used of corticosteroid (oral or inhaled), comorbid, assessment of nutritional status. Then we did statistical test for analysis.

Results: Subjects were dominated with male (90.6%) in the age group 65-75 years old (53.1%), and smoking history (84.4%). The most degree of COPD of the subject were GOLD II (46.9%) and group B (50%) that using corticosteroid (65.7%). In this study we found prevalence of osteoporosis was 37.5%, meaning that approximately more than one third of the patients have had osteoporosis. There were no statistically significant relationship between COPD group, the degree of COPD, sex, smoking history, history of corticosteroid, age, levels of 25-OHD, pulmonary function with the occurrence of osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD (p>0.05). We found a significant relationship on low BMI as a risk factor for osteoporosis in stable COPD (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD in Persahabatan Hospital-Jakarta is 37.5%. There are a statistically significant relationship between BMI with osteoporosis in patients with stable COPD (p <0.001)."

"Latar Belakang: Disfungsi skeletal yang terjadi pada pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik PPOK mengakibatkan menurunnya kemampuan fungsi tangan terutama dalam menggengam dan melakukan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari AKS . Latihan tanpa tumpuan pada anggota gerak atas telah terbukti dapat memperbaiki disfungsi skeletal pada PPOK. Metode latihan yang dapat diberikan yaitu dengan metode Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF dan metode abduksi. Sampai saat ini belum terdapat bukti dalam menentukan metode yang terbaik dalam memperbaiki disfungsi skeletal pada PPOK. Pada penelitian ini akan membandingkan 2 bentuk metode latihan tanpa tumpuan pada anggota gerak atas antara metode PNF dan metode abduksi terhadap fungsi tangan pada program rehabilitasi paru. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain eksperimental dengan consecutive sampling. Terdapat 32 subyek dengan PPOK derajat B,C dan D stabil secara medis yang datang ke RSUP Persahabatan yang memenuhi kriteri inklusi dan eksklusi. Penilaian kekuatan genggaman tangan dengan Jamar handgrip dynamometer dan kemampuan dalam melakukan AKS dinilai dengan Uji Glittre yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Subyek dibagi dalam kelompok metode PNF dan metode abduksi. Kedua kelompok mendapatkan program rehabilitasi paru. Intervensi diberikan sebanyak 20 sesi latihan selama 8 minggu. Hasil : Terdapat 21 subyek yang menyelesaikan program latihan sebanyak 20 sesi. Pada analisis kedua kelompok terdapat peningkatan yang bermakna secara statistik pada handgrip dynamometer, dan hanya pada kelompok metode PNF yang memberikan peningkatan bermakna secara statistik pada uji Glittre. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara kelompok metode PNF dan metode abduksi terhadap peningkatan handgrip dynamometer dan uji Glittre, namun didapatkan perbedaan peningkatan yang bermakna secara klinis antara metode PNF dan metode abduksi terhadap uji Glittre. Simpulan : Latihan tanpa tumpuan pada angggota gerak atas dengan metode PNF dapat memberikan peningkatan yang lebih baik secara klinis dibandingkan dengan latihan dengan metode abduksi pada program rehabilitasi paru untuk meningkatkan fungsi tangan dalam melakukan AKS.

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Background: Skeletal dysfunction that occurs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD resulted in diminishing ability in hand function especially in hand grasp and activities of daily living ADL performance. Unsupported upper extremity exercise had proven to be useful in treating skeletal dysfunctions on COPD. The recommended exercise that can be prescribed is the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF method and abduction method. Until the recent time, there has been no evidence in determining the best method to improve skeletal dysfunction in COPD. This study will attempt to compare the two methods Unsupported upper extremity exercise between PNF and abduction for the hand function in pulmonary rehabilitation program.

Methods: This is an experimental study with consecutive sampling. There were 32 subjects with COPD of grades B, C, and D all are medically stable who came to Persahabatan General Hospital, after fulfilling all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hand grip strength was graded by using the Jamar handgrip dynamometer, while the grading of ADL performance were assessed with Glittre Test that was done before and after intervention. Subjects were divided to two groups, the PNF method and abduction method. Both groups were given pulmonary rehabilitation program. Interventions consist of 20 exercise sessions for 8 weeks.

Results: There were 21 subjects that successfully completed 20 exercise sessions. In the analysis of both groups, there were significant increase in handgrip dynamometer, and only PNF method significantly improved ADL performance in Glittre Test. There was no statistically significant difference in between both groups on the increase of handgrip dynamometer and Glittre test, however there was clinically significant increase PNF method and abduction method on the Glittre test.

Conclusions: Unsupported upper extremity exercise with PNF methods give better clinically significant improvement on hands function for ADL compare to abduction methods in pulmonary rehabilitation program. "

"Latar belakang penelitian : Prevalens penyalahgunaan obat semakin tinggi di Indonesia dan menimbulkan pengaruh pada bidang kesehatan. Konsumsi zat dan obat ? obatan terlarang memiliki pengaruh pada kesehatan paru. Pemeriksaan fungsi paru pada pecandu menunjukkan hasil yang tidak jelas.Metode penelitian : Studi deskriptif analitik yang melibatkan 144 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Foto toraks dilakukan untuk mengetahui status Tuberculosis paru dan dieksklusi bila terdapat gambaran TB paru. Subyek dilakukan pemeriksaan spirometri dan kuesioner.Hasil penelitian : Seratus empat puluh empat subyek ikut dalam penelitian. Seratus dua puluh satu subyek adalah laki - laki, 128 subyek mempunyai hasil spirometri normal. Gambaran spirometri restriksi 3 orang dan obstruksi 1 orang. Terdapat korelasi antara penurunan VEP1/KVP dengan usia p=0,000 r=-0,454 (korelasi sedang), lama menghisap kanabis p=0,01 r=-0,345 (korelasi lemah), lama menghisap metamphetamin p=0,004 r=-0,25 (korelasi lemah), lama menggunakan heroin injeksi p=0,025 r= - 0,337 (korelasi lemah), lama merokok p=0,000 r=-365 (korelasi lemah) dan konsumsi rokok perhari p=0,04 r=-0,238 (korelasi lemah). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengguna heroin injeksi dengan HIV OR 27,4 p=0,037 CI 95% 3,27-229,6.Kesimpulan : Terdapat korelasi antara penurunan VEP1/KVP dengan usia, lama menghisap kanabis, lama menghisap metamphetamin, lama menggunakan heroin injeksi, lama merokok dan jumlah konsumsi rokok perhari. Pengguna heroin injeksi memiliki risiko HIV 27,4 kali.

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Background: The increasing drug user prevalence in Indonesia affecting health sectors. The lungs health were affected by the use of illicit drug. Lung function test amongs drug users still unclear.Methods: This descriptive analitic study involves 144 drug users whom met the inclusion criteria. Thorax foto was performed to find out the subject with Tuberculosis and exclude from the study. Subjects are then performed spirometry test and interviewed using questionaire.Results: One hundred forty four subjects were included in this study. One hundred twenty one (84,03%) were male, 128 subjects were normal spirometry. Restriction were found in 14 subject and obstruction were found in 1 subject. There were corelation between VEP1/FVC with age p=0,000 r=-0,454 (moderate corelation), time using canabis p=0,01 r= -0,345 (weak corelation), time using metamphetamin inhalation p=0,004 r=-0,25(weak corelation), time using heroin injection p=0,025 r= - 0,337 (weak corelation), time using cigarette p=0,000 r=-0,365 (weak correlation), amount cigarette consume/day p=0,04 r=-0,238(weak correlation). There were relation between HIV and the heroin injection OR 27,4 p=0,037 CI 95% 3,27-229,6.Conclusion: There were weak correlation between reduce FEV1/FVC with time of smoking, the amount of cigarette consume perday, time of canabis inhalation, time of metaphetamin inhalation, time of heroin injection . The heroin injection had 27,4 times higher risk for HIV."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalens PPOK memiliki kecenderungan meningkat, penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia. Eksaserbasi dan beberapa penyakit komorbid menyebakan disabilitas yang berdampak pada kualitas hidup pasien PPOK. Kualitas hidup yang baik adalah tujuan utama dalam penatalaksanaan pasien PPOK. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan CAT dan SGRQ dalam menilai kualitas hidup pasien PPOK yang dikontrol dengan indeks BODE melalui pengukuran selama 6 bulan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi prospektif terhadap 49 pasien PPOK stabil yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi melalui pengukuran pada 0, 3 dan 6 bulan di poliklinik Asma dan PPOK RS Persahabatan. Pasien PPOK stabil dilakukan pemeriksaan spirometri, pengukuran IMT, pengisian kuesioner CAT dan SGRQ, skala sesak mMRC dan uji jalan 6 menit.Hasil: 49 pasien PPOK stabil pada awal evaluasi terdiri dari 5 orang pasien PPOK derajat I, 16 orang pasien PPOK derajat II, 21 pasien PPOK derajat III dan 7 pasien derajat. Kelompok usia 48-81 tahun dengan median 69 tahun dan rerata 67,04 ± 8,86. Riwayat merokok dari 49 pasien laki-laki terdiri dari 30 pasien memiliki indeks Brinkman (IB) berat, 12 pasien dengan IB sedang dan 7 pasien IB ringan. Komorbid terbanyak adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler (40%). CAT memiliki korelasi yang sangat kuat dengan SGRQ (r=0,89, p<0,0001) dan korelasi yang kuat dengan indeks BODE (r=0,65, p<0,0001). SGRQ memiliki korelasi yang kuat dengan indeks BODE (r=0,69, p<0,0001).Kesimpulan: CAT dapat digunakan dengan baik untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien PPOK seperti SGRQ. Korelasi CAT dengan SGRQ sangat kuat dan kuat dengan indek BODE tetapi SGRQ masih sedikit lebih baik dibandingkan CAT dalam memprediksi tingkat angka tahan hidup atau prognostik pasien PPOK.

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ABSTRACTBackground: COPD has been increase in prevalence, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exacerbation of COPD and some comorbid disease cause disability with impact on related quality of life (HRQoL). A good quality of life is major goal in management of COPD patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of any CAT, SGRQ and BODE index to estimate the quality of life in COPD patients.Methods: The study was conducted with prospective study in 49 stable mild to very severe degree of COPD patients with repeated measurements in 0, 3 and 6 months at Asthma and COPD clinic Persahabatan Hospital. Stable COPD patients performed spirometry, measured BMI, fill out CAT and SGRQ questionnaire, MMRC dyspnea score and 6 minute walking testResults: Forty nine COPD patients consist of 5 COPD patients of stage I, 16 patients of stage II, 21 patients of stage III and 7 patients of stage IV had been evaluated for 6 months. The median is 69 years (48;81) and mean 67,04 ± 8,86. Smoking history of patient consist of severe degree in 30 patients, 12 patients of moderate, and 7 patients of mild Brinkman index The most comorbid is cardiovascular disease (40%). A patient was die at the end evaluation. The CAT correlates very well with SGRQ (r=0.89, p<0.0001) and well with BODE index (r=0.65, p<0.0001). The SGRQ correlates well with BODE index (r=0.69, p<0.0001).Conclusion: The CAT could be as reliable tools in predicting HRQoL as SGRQ. The CAT correlates very well with SGRQ and well with BODE index, but SGRQ is a bit better to predict survival COPD patient or prognostic patient than CAT."

"ABSTRAKBackground : The BODE index is generally used for predicting mortality risk of COPDpatients. The BODE index included the body mass index, degree of airflow obstruction (FEV1),dyspnea (MMRC questionnaire), and exercise capacity (6-minute walk test). Exacerbation ofCOPD associated with decreased health related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL has become animportant outcome in respiratory patients as proved by St.George’s Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ). We hypothesized that the greater BODE score the more frequent occurrence ofexacerbation and increase SGRQ total score.Methods : Prospective cohort study of COPD patients in Persahabatan Hospital assessed forBODE index (baseline) and followed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Patient were also examined withSGRQ (baseline) and followed at 6 and 12 months. We monitored the occurrence of exacerbationby telephone, visiting to COPD’s clinic or emergency unit every month for one year.Results : Eighty five patient were examined at baseline with mean of BODE index 4.29 andSGRQ total score 41.42%. After one year monitored 52 patients have completed examination, 29patient have not complete examination and four patient died. Using t-test analysis the correlationof BODE index between single and frequent exacerbation is significant (p<0.05), the correlationof SGRQ between single and frequent exacerbation is significant (p<0.05) and correlationbetween BODE and SGRQ is significant (p=0.045).

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ABSTRACTLatar belakang : Indeks BODE dapat memprediksi mortalitas pada PPOK. Indeks BODEterdiri dari indeks masa tubuh, VEP1, skala sesak MMRC dan Uji jalan 6 menit. KuesionerSGRQ digunakan untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien PPOK. Menurunnya kualitas hidup pasienPPOK dapat disebabkan oleh eksaserbasi. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah semakin tinggi indeksBODE maka semakin sering eksaserbasi dan meningkatkan nilai SGRQ.Metode : Menggunakan disain kohort prospektif, indeks BODE pasien PPOK dinilai pada awalkunjungan (0bulan) bulan ke-3,6,9 dan 12. Pasien mengisi lembar kerja penelitian dan mengisikuesioner SGRQ pada awal kunjungan, bulan ke-6 dan 12. Peneliti memonitor terjadinyaeksaserbasi setiap bulannya melalui telepon, saat kunjungan ke poli asma PPOK atau instalasigawat darurat selama setahunHasil : Didapat 85 pasien pada kunjungan awal dengan rerata indeks BODE 4.29 dan rerataSGRQ skor total 41.41%. Setelah 12 bulan pemantauan didapatkan 52 pasien yang melengkapipemeriksaan, 29 pasien keluar dan 4 pasien meninggal dunia karena PPOK atau komplikasi.Analisis statistik t-test didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara indeks BODE kelompok sekalieksaserbasi dengan kelompok sering eksaserbasi (p<0.05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna SGRQskor total pada kelompok sekali eksaserbasi dengan kelompok sering ekaserbasi (p<0.05) sertahubungan bermakna antara indeks BODE dengan SGRQ skor total (p=0.0457).Kesimpulan : Indeks BODE dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi eksaserbasi dan kualitas hiduppasien PPOK."

"Penyakit asma telah dikenal secara luas namum belum pernah dijelaskan secara mendetil. Tomografi komputer resolusi tinggi (HRCT) dapat mendeteksi struktur tidak normal pada penderita asma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik lesi asma dan hubungannya dengan data klinis pada hasil Tes kontrol asma (ACT). Penelitian dilakukan secara prospektif dengan metode potong lintang terhadap penderita asma yang berobat ke poli asma RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta selama bulan Januari ? Februari 2014, mereka kemudia di rujuk untuk menjalani pemeriksaan HRCT setelah pemeriksaan awal dan mengisi ACT. Dari 34 kasus, 33 (97%) mengalami penyempitan lumen bronkial, 21 (61,7%) mengalami penebalan dinding bronkial, 15 (44,1%) mengalami gambaran mosaik, 5(5,8%) mengalami bronkiektasis dan seluruhnya (100%) mengalami emfisema. Hasil ACT yang didapat adalah pasien terkontrol sebagian (35,2%) dan tidak terkontrol (64,7%). Ketika dihubungkan dengan hasil ACT, maka penyempitan lumen bronkial (p=0,970), penebalan dinding bronkus (p=0,488), gambaran mosaik (p=0,882), bronkiektasis (p=0,137) dan emfisema tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Lesi lainnya yang ditemukan dan berkaitan dengan ACT adalah tuberkulosis (11,8%; p=0,273), granuloma (2,9%; p=1,000), aspergiloma bronkopulmonari alergik (5,9%; p=0,529) dan bronkitis (5,9%; p=1,000). Gambaran lesi karakteristik penderita asma bronkial pada HRCT merupakan hal yang penting, karena dapat memperlihatkan komplikasi lain yang menyertai asma, namun karakteristik lesi tersebut tidak berkaitan dengan hasil ACT.

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The coexistence of asthma is widely recognized but has not been well described. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) can detect the structural abnormalities in asthma. This study attempts describe the characteristic lesion of asthma and to correlate these abnormalities with clinical and asthma control test (ACT) data.

We perfomed a prospective cross sectional study of 34 asthma patients who were attending outpatient Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta from January-February 2014, that were subjected to HRCT after initial evaluation and ACT.

Thirtythree subjects (97%) had narrowing of bronchial lumen, 21 (61.7%) had bronchial wall thickening, 15 (44.1%) had mosaic attenuation, 5 (5.8%) had bronchiectasis and 34 (100%) had emphysema. The ACT result were partial controlled patients (35.2%) and not controlled (64.7%). When correlated with ACT result, the narrowing of bronchial lumen (p=0.970), bronchial wall thickening (p=0.488), mosaic attenuation (p=0.882), bronchiectasis (p=0.137) and emphysema showed no significant association. Another HRCT findings that correlate with ACT were tuberculosis (11.8%; p=0.273), granuloma (2.9%; p=1.000), aspergilloma bronchopulmonary allergica (5.9%; p=0.529) and bronchitis (5.9%; p=1.000).

HRCT findings of characteristic lesion are important in bronchiale asthma patients, because they can describe other complication / comorbidity eventhough they were not correlate well with ACT."