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"Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan diabilitas pada lanjut usia di Indonesia, khususnya mengenai ketidakmampuan melakukan kegiatan membersihkan seluruh tubuh seperti mandi dan mengenakan pakaian, dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa determinan disabilitas pada lanjut usia di Indonesia adalah tempat tinggal, umur, status kawin, pendidikan, penyakit jantung, diabetes, gangguan sendi, hipertensi, merokok, status ekonomi, dan aktifitas fisik. Faktor yang paling dominan hubungannya dengan kejadian disabilitas pada lanjut usia adalah aktifitas fisik. Untuk meningkatkan aktifitas fisik lanjut usia disarankan untuk aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan kelompok lanjut usia seperti kegiatan olahraga, pertemuan kekeluargaan dan rekreasi.

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This research used cross-sectional design that aimed to identify disability determinants in Indonesia, in relation with inability for bathing and dressing, by using Basic Health Research Data in 2007.

The results of study showed that determinants of disability among elderly in Indonesia were urban and rural, age, marital status, education, heart disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, smoking habit, economic status and physical activity.

The most dominant determinants of disability among elderly were lack of physical activity. To increase physical activity is recommended for elderly people active in participating in the elderly group activities such as sports activities, family meetings and recreation."

"Peningkatan prevalensi karies gigi terutama disebabkan karena adanya perubahan-perubahan dalam pola makan dari makanan berserat menjadi makanan mudah melekat pada permukaan gigi. Bila seseorang malas untuk membersihkan giginya setelah makan makanan yang manis dan lengket, maka sisa-sisa makanan tersebut akan diubah menjadi asam oleh bakteri yang terdapat dalam mulut, kemudian dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya karies gigi. Menurut Matram (2007), berdasarkan SKRT 2004, penyebab tingginya prevalensi karies hanya sedikit orang Indonesia mengerti cara menyikat gigi benar (10%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh kebiasaan menyikat gigi terhadap status pengalaman karies dengan menganalisis data Rriskesdas 2007. Dalam Penelitian ini terdapat 198.023 responden berusia 35 tahun ke atas yang diperiksa giginya Desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia tahun 2007. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi karakteristik responden, responden yang mempunyai gigi yang sehat, DMF-T = 0 adalah hanya 11,76 % dan responden yang mengalami kerusakan gigi atau DMF-T
1 adalah sebanyak 88,24%. Prevalensi pengalaman karies paling tinggi terjadi pada kelompok umur 65 tahun ke atas yaitu 96,51%. Pada kelompok yang menyikat gigi 1x/hari 1,063 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibanding sikat gigi 2x/hari. Kelompok yang jarang menyikat gigi 1,23 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibandingkan yg sikat gigi 2x/hari. Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Sebaiknya masyarakat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya dengan rajin menyikat gigi 2 kali sehari yaitu setelah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam untuk dapat mengurangi terjadinya karies gigi.

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Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries.;Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku berisiko pada remaja di Indonesia, khususnya mengenai perilaku merokok, alkohol, narkoba, dan hubungan seksual pranikah, dengan menggunakan data SKRRI tahun 2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keterkaitan hubungan di antara perilaku berisiko dan determinan perilaku berisiko pada remaja di Indonesia adalah pengetahuan tentang perilaku seksual, sikap terhadap perilaku seksual, umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan remaja, status ekonomi, akses terhadap media informasi, komunikasi dengan orang tua, dan adanya teman yang berperilaku berisiko. Faktor yang paling dominan hubungannya adalah jenis kelamin. Disarankan untuk lebih banyak melibatkan remaja laki-laki dalam berbagai kegiatan olahraga, seni, dan perkumpulan ilmiah.

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This research used cross-sectional design that aimed to identify risk behavior determinants among young adult in Indonesia related to smoking tobacco, drinking alcoholic beverages, using dmgs, and premarital sex by using IYARHS data in 2007. The results showed that there were significant association between risk behaviors and its determinants among young adult in Indonesia were sexual behavior knowledge, attitude towards sexual behavior, age, sex, education achieved, economic status, access to information and media, communication with parents and also friends with risk behaviors. The most dominant variable that statistically associated was sex. It is belief that by involving young adult especially for boys in sports activity, arts or science club will reduce the risk behavior."

"Angka kematian ibu di Indonesia relatif masih tinggi (228 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup). Tingginya angka kematian ibu terkait dengan pemanfaatan layanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan dan penolong persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang masih rendah. Sebagian pemanfaatan layanan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan dilakukan di fasilitas non kesehatan. Penelitian ini menguji secara empiris pemanfaatan layanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan, dan membandingkannya dengan non fasilitas kesehatan dengan tenaga non kesehatan dan non fasilitas kesehatan dengan tenaga kesehatan, serta determinan yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan layanan persalinan tersebut.Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap ibu yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun (2002-2007) dengan menggunakan data SDKI 2007. Determinan pemanfaatan layanan persalinan dapat dilihat dari faktor predisposing, enabling dan need.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah crosssectional dengan menggunakan analisis multinomial logit. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 13.120 sampel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang memilih memanfaatkan layanan persalinan di non fasilitas kesehatan dengan tenaga non kesehatan sebesar 23,4%, dan memanfaatkan layanan persalinan di non fasilitas kesehatan dengan tenaga kesehatan sebesar 31,4%, serta pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan sebesar 45,2%.Determinan yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan layanan non fasilitas kesehatan dengan tenaga non kesehatan adalah status sosial ekonomi, pendidikan, paritas, wilayah, frekuensi kunjungan ANC, umur, pengetahuan akan tanda komplikasi kehamilan dan pengalaman akan tanda komplikasi kehamilan. Sedangkan determinan yang mempengaruhi permanfaatan non fasilitas kesehatan dengan tenaga kesehatan mempunyai variabel yang sama dengan non fasilitas kesehatan dengan tenaga non kesehatan.Penelitian ini menyarankan percepatan jaminan kesehatan semesta (universal coverage) dan pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) yang dapat menjangkau seluruh propinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga menyarankan agar dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut tentang pemanfaatan layanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan dan penolong persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang menggunakan jaminan asuransi kesehalan seperti Jamkesmas, Program Keluarga Harapan, Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K) serta Kemitraan Bidan dengan Dukun.

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Maternal mortality ratio in Indonesia is still relatively high (228 per 100,000 live births). High rate of maternal mortality is often associated with the low rate of delivery services in health facilities and delivery assisted by health personnel. Some deliveries are assisted by health personnel at home. This study empirically examines the utilization of delivery services at health facilities compared to non health facilities with non health personnel assistance, and non health facilities with health personnel assistance, and the determinants influencing the utilization of delivery services.This study examines mothers who gave birth the last child during (2002-2007) by using IDHS 2007 data. Determinants of utilization of delivery services can be seen from predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The design of this study is cross sectional with total sample size of 13,120 mothers. Futher analysis was applied using multinomial logit analysis.The results revealed that 23.4% mothers chose non health facilities with non health personnels for delivery service. Those who utilized non health facilities with health personnel was 31.4%, and 45.2% mothers used health facilities.Determinants that affect health service utilization by non health facilities with non health personnel assistance are socioeconomic status, education, parity, region, frequency of ANC visits, age, knowledge of the signs of pregnancy complications and experience of the signs of pregnancy complications. The determinants that influence utilization of non health facility with health personnel assistance have the same variables with non health facility with non health personnel assistance.This study suggests that the acceleration of the Jaminan Kesehatan Semesta (universal coverage) and the implementation of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) to reach all provinces in Indonesia. This study also suggested further analysis on the effect of some public health programs on the use of delivery service in health facilities and delivery service by health personnel. The programs include Jamkesmas, Program Keluarga Harapan, Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K), and Kemitraan Bidan dengan Dukun."

"ABSTRAKPenyakit gigi dan mulut adalah penyakit yang terdapat secara luas pada masyarakat, baik pada anak-anak maupun orang dewasa, karena dapat terjadi pada gigi susu maupun gigi tetap. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan bagian integral dari kesehatan umum, yang penting dalam fungsi pengunyahan, bicara dan kecantikan.Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan maka perlu ditanamkan kebiasaan hidup sehat sejak dini yang dimulai dalam lingkungan keluarga dan disekolah. Pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada murid sekolah yang disebut Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah (UKGS) mempunyai tujuan agar tercapai derajat kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang optimal.Hasil penelitian Study Evaluasi Program UKGS di wilayah DKI Jakarta pada tahun 1988, menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi 86,71 % dengan DMF-T rata-rata 2,98 dan tahun pada tahun 1996 meningkat menjadi 93,72 % dan DMF-T menurun menjadi 2,66. Performed Tratment Index (PTI) adalah 9,06 % pada tahun1988 dan menurun menjadi 6,39 % pada tahun 1996.Melihat keadaan tersebut dan mengingat indikator derajat kesehatan gigi mulut pada tahun 2000 adalah DMF-T rata-rata < 3 dan PTI > 50 % serta kebersihan mulut termasuk kriteria baik, untuk umur 12 tahun, maka perlu diadakan suatu penelitian untuk memperoleh informasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan belum tercapinya PTI pada murid SD yang telah menerima pelayanan Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah Tahap III.Peneltian menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian pada 6 SD di Kecamatan Palmerah dan 4 SD di Kecamatan Tambora. Sampel yang diteliti adalah murid kelas 6 yang telah memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dimana samplediambil secara multistage cluster random sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 426 murid. Juga dilakukan wawancara dengan guru UKS dan pelaksana UKGS yang bertugas pada SD terpilih, dimana jumlahnya masing-masing 10 orang. Wawancara pada murid dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data, faktor demografi, pengetahuan, perilaku pelihara diri dalam bidang kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi . Wawancara dengan guru UKS untuk memperoleh data mengenai peran serta guru dalam kegiatan UKGS sedangkan wawancara dengan tenaga kesehatan gigi untuk memperoleh pelaksanaan kegiatan UKGS di lapangan. Data diolah secara statistik, mulai analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik mutipel dengan program stata.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan prevalensi karies pada murid kelas 6 adalah 82,9 % dengan DMF-T rata-rata 3,04 dan PTI murid adalah 6 %. Hasil model akhir menunjukkan bahwa PTI murid dipengaruhi oleh : pendidikan ibu, kebersihan mulut murid, jenis kegiatan dan tindakan kuratif yang dilaksanakan tenaga kesehatan gigi serta adanya interaksi pendidikan ibu dan jenis tindakan kuratifKesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah selain pendidikan ibu murid mempunyai peranan yang besar dalam perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Tenaga kesehatan gigi dalam menjalankan kegiatannya kurang melibatkan guru UKS dan orang tua murid. Pada penelitian ini kurang terlihat peranan guru UKS dalam kegiatan UKGS.Disarankan bagi tenaga kesehatan gigi agar dalam melaksanakan kegiatan UKGS, selain guru kelas, hendaknya melibatkan guru UKS dan guru kelas 1 dan 2, karena materi kesehatan gigi dan mulut diberikan pada saat murid duduk di kelas 1 dan 2. Juga sangat diperlukan memberikan penjelasan pada orang tua murid secara langsung atau paling tidak pada POMG, sehingga dimengerti manfaat dari program. Untuk meningkatkan PTI, bagi murid yang takut perawatan gigi dengan bur. dapat digunakan bahan tumpatan Atrarrmatic Restorative Treatment.Daftar Pustaka : 46 ( 1962 - 1998 )

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ABSTRACT

Oral and dental diseases are widely spread community diseases which are found in both children and adults since they affect deciduous as well as permanent teeth. Oral Health constitutes an integral part of health in general with important aspects in relation with the mastication, speech and esthetic functions.

In order to enhance the quality of health, healthful living styles should be instituted as early as possible in life, starting within the family and school environments. The objective of oral health care services for schoolchildren, or School Oral Health Services ( SONS ), is the achievement of an optimal degree of oral and dental health.

The School Oral Health Service Evaluation Study Program in the Jakarta Special Area in 1988 showed a dental caries prevalence of 86.71% with an average DMFT of 2.98; the prevalence figure rose to 93,72 in 1996 while for that same year the average DMFT decreased to 2,66. Performed Treatment Index ( PTI) decreased from 9.06% in 1988 to 6.39% in 1996.

In view of these developments and the established dental health indicators for 2000 which comprise among others an average DMFT not exceeding 3,0, a PTI of at least 50% and a "satisfactory" degree of oral hygiene for the 12-year age group, a study to obtain further information on the factor relating to the failure to achieve an acceptable PTI level for schoolchildren with degree III SOHS in Jakarta was undertaken.

The study is of cross-sectional design. It involves six primary schools in the Palmerah and four primary school in the Tambora subdistricts. The sample studied are sixth graders who have received oral health care; the sample was taken through multistage cluster random sampling amounting to a total of 426 children. Also caned out were interviews with schoolteachers responsible for school health services and operators of SOHS, with a total of 10 persons at each target school. The objective of the interviews with the children was the collection of data on demography and knowledge and self care practices in dental health.

The children received dental examinations. Interview with the school health teachers was to acquire data on the participation and role of teachers in SOHS, while information on the implementation of SOHS was the goal of the interview with the dental health stag The data obtained was statistically processed, from univariat to bivariat and multivariat analysis with multiple logistic regression and strata program.

The results show a caries prevalence of 82,9% with and average DMFT of 3,04 and a PTI of 6%. The latest model indicates that PTI in schoolchildren is influenced by their mother's level of education, the children's state of oral hygiene, types of activities and curative care provided by the dental personnel and the existence of interaction between the level of the education of the mother and type of curative care rendered.

he conclusions reached in this study are that apart from the prominent role of the level of education of the children's mothers in maintaining oral health care, school health teachers and parents have not been adequately involved in SOHS activities. The role of the school health teacher in SOHS is in this study not too apparent.

It is recommended that beside the classroom teachers involved, the dental health staff also need to actively participate the school health teachers and the this and second grade teachers, since the school curriculum already provides dental health information material for first and second graders. It is also essential that information be disseminated directly to parents or in parent-teacher-association meetings to permit better understanding of the school dental program. To help increase the PTI figure, schoolchildren unwilling to be treated with dental burs should be provided treatment according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ( ART) method.

Reading : 46 (1962 - 1998)"